* improve ResetTestRootWithChainID() concurrency safety

Rely on ioutil.TempDir() to create test root directories and ensure
multiple same-chain id test cases can run in parallel.

* Update config/toml.go

Co-Authored-By: alessio <quadrispro@ubuntu.com>

* clean up test directories after completion

Closes: #1034

* Remove redundant EnsureDir call

* s/PanicSafety()/panic()/s

* Put create dir functionality back in ResetTestRootWithChainID

* Place test directories in OS's tempdir

In modern UNIX and UNIX-like systems /tmp is very often
mounted as tmpfs. This might speed test execution a bit.

* Set 0700 to a const

* rootsDirs -> configRootDirs

* Don't double remove directories

* Avoid global variables

* Fix consensus tests

* Reduce defer stack

* Address review comments

* Try to fix tests

* Update CHANGELOG_PENDING.md

Co-Authored-By: alessio <quadrispro@ubuntu.com>

* Update consensus/common_test.go

Co-Authored-By: alessio <quadrispro@ubuntu.com>

* Update consensus/common_test.go

Co-Authored-By: alessio <quadrispro@ubuntu.com>

```
--- FAIL: TestProposerFrequency (2.50s)

panic: empty validator set [recovered]

        panic: empty validator set



goroutine 91 [running]:

testing.tRunner.func1(0xc000a98c00)

        /usr/local/go/src/testing/testing.go:792 +0x6a7

panic(0xeae7e0, 0x11fbb30)

        /usr/local/go/src/runtime/panic.go:513 +0x1b9

github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types.(*ValidatorSet).RescalePriorities(0xc0000e7380, 0x0)

        /go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types/validator_set.go:106 +0x1ac

github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state.TestProposerFrequency(0xc000a98c00)

        /go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state/state_test.go:335 +0xb44

testing.tRunner(0xc000a98c00, 0x111a4d8)

        /usr/local/go/src/testing/testing.go:827 +0x163

created by testing.(*T).Run

        /usr/local/go/src/testing/testing.go:878 +0x65a

FAIL    github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state  3.139s
```

* Initial commit for 3181..still early

* unit test updates

* unit test updates

* fix check of dups accross updates and deletes

* simplify the processChange() func

* added overflow check utest

* Added checks for empty valset, new utest

* deepcopy changes in processUpdate()

* moved to new API, fixed tests

* test cleanup

* address review comments

* make sure votePower > 0

* gofmt fixes

* handle duplicates and invalid values

* more work on tests, review comments

* Renamed and explained K

* make TestVal private

* split verifyUpdatesAndComputeNewPriorities.., added check for deletes

* return error if validator set is empty after processing changes

* address review comments

* lint err

* Fixed the total voting power and added comments

* fix lint

* fix lint

* more proposer priority tests

 - test that we don't reset to zero when updating / adding
 - test that same power validators alternate

* add another test to track / simulate similar behaviour as in #2960

* address some of Chris' review comments

* address some more of Chris' review comments

* temporarily pushing branch with the following changes:
The total power might change if:
   - a validator is added
   - a validator is removed
   - a validator is updated

Decrement the accums (of all validators) directly after any of these events
(by the inverse of the change)

* Fix 2960 by re-normalizing / scaling priorities to be in bounds of total
power, additionally:

 - remove heap where it doesn't make sense
 - avg. only at the end of IncrementProposerPriority instead of each
   iteration
 - update (and slightly improve)
   TestAveragingInIncrementProposerPriorityWithVotingPower to reflect
   above changes

* Fix 2960 by re-normalizing / scaling priorities to be in bounds of total
power, additionally:

 - remove heap where it doesn't make sense
 - avg. only at the end of IncrementProposerPriority instead of each
   iteration
 - update (and slightly improve)
   TestAveragingInIncrementProposerPriorityWithVotingPower to reflect
   above changes

* fix tests

* add comment

* update changelog pending & some minor changes

* comment about division will floor the result & fix typo

* Update TestLargeGenesisValidator:
 - remove TODO and increase large genesis validator's voting power
accordingly

* move changelog entry to P2P Protocol

* Ceil instead of flooring when dividing & update test

* quickly fix failing TestProposerPriorityDoesNotGetResetToZero:

 - divide by Ceil((maxPriority - minPriority) / 2*totalVotingPower)

* fix typo: rename getValWitMostPriority -> getValWithMostPriority

* test proposer frequencies

* return absolute value for diff. keep testing

* use for loop for div

* cleanup, more tests

* spellcheck

* get rid of using floats: manually ceil where necessary

* Remove float, simplify, fix tests to match chris's proof (#3157)

* more proposer priority tests

 - test that we don't reset to zero when updating / adding
 - test that same power validators alternate

* add another test to track / simulate similar behaviour as in #2960

* address some of Chris' review comments

* address some more of Chris' review comments

- rename fields, methods, comments, tests

* Refactor updateState #2865

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-Authored-By: danil-lashin <danil-lashin@yandex.ru>

* Apply suggestions from code review

* Make "Update to validators" msg value pretty #2765

* New format for logging validator updates

* Refactor logging validator updates

* Fix changelog item

* fix merge conflict

* Add ValidatorPubkeyTypes as a consensus param

Ref #2414

* update spec

* address anton's comment

* Switch to Validator and Validator Params

* Correct changelog entry

* Address bucky's comments!

* forgot to update changelog

* fix typo

* fix Params naming

* types: add Version to Header

* abci: add Version to Header

* state: add Version to State

* node: check software and state protocol versions match

* update changelog

* docs/spec: update for versions

* state: more tests

* remove TODOs

* remove empty test

* Pass nil to NewValidatorSet() when genesis file's Validators field is nil

Closes: #2616

* Update CHANGELOG_PENDING.md

* follow up to removing some consensus params Refs #2382
* change args type to int64 in state#makeParams
* make valsCount and evidenceCount ints again
* MaxEvidenceBytesPerBlock: include magic number in godoc
* [spec] creating a proposal
* test state#TxFilter
* panic if MaxDataBytes is less than 0
* fixes after review
* use amino#UvarintSize to calculate overhead
0c74291f3b/encoder.go (L85-L90)
* avoid cyclic imports
* you can do better Go, come on
* remove testdouble package

* remove ConsensusParams.TxSize and ConsensusParams.BlockGossip

Refs #2347

* block part size is now fixed

Refs #2347

* use max data size, not max bytes for tx limit

Refs #2347

See ADR 020: Limiting txs size inside a block docs/architecture/adr-020-block-size.md

Refs #2035

* libs: Remove usage of custom Fmt, in favor of fmt.Sprintf

Closes #2193

* Fix bug that was masked by custom Fmt!

* remove gogoproto from tools

because it's not a binary

* update protobuf version to 3.6.1 in `make get_protoc`

* update libs/common/types.pb.go and rpc/grpc/types.pb.go

* fix app tests

Refs #1134

Validation:

- ignored in block.ValidateBasic since it's stateful information
- checked in blockExec.ValidateBlock

Currently the top level directory contains basically all of the code
for the crypto package. This PR moves the crypto code into submodules
in a similar manner to what `golang/x/crypto` does. This improves code
organization.

Ref discussion: https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/1966

Closes #1956

make BlockMeta Header a non-pointer

Refs #693

This reverts commit d02c5d1e30.

This reverts commit 96a3502

* expect all tags to be strings

Refs #1369

* port changes from https://github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/pull/204

Refs #1369

* use increment and decrement operators.

* remove unnecessary else branches.

* fix package comment with leading space.

* fix receiver names.

* fix error strings.

* remove omittable code.

* remove redundant return statement.

* Revert changes (code is generated.)

* use cfg as receiver name for all config-related types.

* use lsi as the receiver name for the LastSignedInfo type.

I assume there is a deeper issue with how UnmarshalBinary works in
go-amino (i.e., when loading array of some objects, the empty array
becomes []object{nil}). Note when Marshaling, the object is nil.

leave it to the app

Refs #1022

NOTE we only updating for tmlibs and abci

Expose it in rpc client
Move ABCIResults into tendermint/types from tendermint/state

Add some tests.
Behaves like saving validator set, except it always saves at each height
instead of a reference to last changed.

State maintains LastResultsHash
Verify that we can produce unique hashes for each result,
and provide valid proofs from the root hash.