zolfa
/
youtube-dl

#!/usr/bin/env python# coding: utf-8
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import base64import binasciiimport calendarimport codecsimport contextlibimport ctypesimport datetimeimport email.utilsimport email.headerimport errnoimport functoolsimport gzipimport ioimport itertoolsimport jsonimport localeimport mathimport operatorimport osimport platformimport randomimport reimport socketimport sslimport subprocessimport sysimport tempfileimport tracebackimport xml.etree.ElementTreeimport zlib
from .compat import (    compat_HTMLParseError,    compat_HTMLParser,    compat_basestring,    compat_chr,    compat_cookiejar,    compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE,    compat_etree_fromstring,    compat_expanduser,    compat_html_entities,    compat_html_entities_html5,    compat_http_client,    compat_kwargs,    compat_os_name,    compat_parse_qs,    compat_shlex_quote,    compat_str,    compat_struct_pack,    compat_struct_unpack,    compat_urllib_error,    compat_urllib_parse,    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,    compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,    compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,    compat_urllib_request,    compat_urlparse,    compat_xpath,)
from .socks import (    ProxyType,    sockssocket,)

def register_socks_protocols():    # "Register" SOCKS protocols    # In Python < 2.6.5, urlsplit() suffers from bug https://bugs.python.org/issue7904    # URLs with protocols not in urlparse.uses_netloc are not handled correctly    for scheme in ('socks', 'socks4', 'socks4a', 'socks5'):        if scheme not in compat_urlparse.uses_netloc:            compat_urlparse.uses_netloc.append(scheme)

# This is not clearly defined otherwisecompiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))

def random_user_agent():    _USER_AGENT_TPL = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/%s Safari/537.36'    _CHROME_VERSIONS = (        '74.0.3729.129',        '76.0.3780.3',        '76.0.3780.2',        '74.0.3729.128',        '76.0.3780.1',        '76.0.3780.0',        '75.0.3770.15',        '74.0.3729.127',        '74.0.3729.126',        '76.0.3779.1',        '76.0.3779.0',        '75.0.3770.14',        '74.0.3729.125',        '76.0.3778.1',        '76.0.3778.0',        '75.0.3770.13',        '74.0.3729.124',        '74.0.3729.123',        '73.0.3683.121',        '76.0.3777.1',        '76.0.3777.0',        '75.0.3770.12',        '74.0.3729.122',        '76.0.3776.4',        '75.0.3770.11',        '74.0.3729.121',        '76.0.3776.3',        '76.0.3776.2',        '73.0.3683.120',        '74.0.3729.120',        '74.0.3729.119',        '74.0.3729.118',        '76.0.3776.1',        '76.0.3776.0',        '76.0.3775.5',        '75.0.3770.10',        '74.0.3729.117',        '76.0.3775.4',        '76.0.3775.3',        '74.0.3729.116',        '75.0.3770.9',        '76.0.3775.2',        '76.0.3775.1',        '76.0.3775.0',        '75.0.3770.8',        '74.0.3729.115',        '74.0.3729.114',        '76.0.3774.1',        '76.0.3774.0',        '75.0.3770.7',        '74.0.3729.113',        '74.0.3729.112',        '74.0.3729.111',        '76.0.3773.1',        '76.0.3773.0',        '75.0.3770.6',        '74.0.3729.110',        '74.0.3729.109',        '76.0.3772.1',        '76.0.3772.0',        '75.0.3770.5',        '74.0.3729.108',        '74.0.3729.107',        '76.0.3771.1',        '76.0.3771.0',        '75.0.3770.4',        '74.0.3729.106',        '74.0.3729.105',        '75.0.3770.3',        '74.0.3729.104',        '74.0.3729.103',        '74.0.3729.102',        '75.0.3770.2',        '74.0.3729.101',        '75.0.3770.1',        '75.0.3770.0',        '74.0.3729.100',        '75.0.3769.5',        '75.0.3769.4',        '74.0.3729.99',        '75.0.3769.3',        '75.0.3769.2',        '75.0.3768.6',        '74.0.3729.98',        '75.0.3769.1',        '75.0.3769.0',        '74.0.3729.97',        '73.0.3683.119',        '73.0.3683.118',        '74.0.3729.96',        '75.0.3768.5',        '75.0.3768.4',        '75.0.3768.3',        '75.0.3768.2',        '74.0.3729.95',        '74.0.3729.94',        '75.0.3768.1',        '75.0.3768.0',        '74.0.3729.93',        '74.0.3729.92',        '73.0.3683.117',        '74.0.3729.91',        '75.0.3766.3',        '74.0.3729.90',        '75.0.3767.2',        '75.0.3767.1',        '75.0.3767.0',        '74.0.3729.89',        '73.0.3683.116',        '75.0.3766.2',        '74.0.3729.88',        '75.0.3766.1',        '75.0.3766.0',        '74.0.3729.87',        '73.0.3683.115',        '74.0.3729.86',        '75.0.3765.1',        '75.0.3765.0',        '74.0.3729.85',        '73.0.3683.114',        '74.0.3729.84',        '75.0.3764.1',        '75.0.3764.0',        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'70.0.3538.30',        '69.0.3497.109',        '71.0.3559.2',        '71.0.3559.1',        '71.0.3559.0',        '70.0.3538.29',        '69.0.3497.108',        '71.0.3558.2',        '71.0.3558.1',        '71.0.3558.0',        '70.0.3538.28',        '69.0.3497.107',        '71.0.3557.2',        '71.0.3557.1',        '71.0.3557.0',        '70.0.3538.27',        '69.0.3497.106',        '71.0.3554.4',        '70.0.3538.26',        '71.0.3556.1',        '71.0.3556.0',        '70.0.3538.25',        '71.0.3554.3',        '69.0.3497.105',        '71.0.3554.2',        '70.0.3538.24',        '69.0.3497.104',        '71.0.3555.2',        '70.0.3538.23',        '71.0.3555.1',        '71.0.3555.0',        '70.0.3538.22',        '69.0.3497.103',        '71.0.3554.1',        '71.0.3554.0',        '70.0.3538.21',        '69.0.3497.102',        '71.0.3553.3',        '70.0.3538.20',        '69.0.3497.101',        '71.0.3553.2',        '69.0.3497.100',        '71.0.3553.1',        '71.0.3553.0',        '70.0.3538.19',        '69.0.3497.99',        '69.0.3497.98',        '69.0.3497.97',        '71.0.3552.6',        '71.0.3552.5',        '71.0.3552.4',        '71.0.3552.3',        '71.0.3552.2',        '71.0.3552.1',        '71.0.3552.0',        '70.0.3538.18',        '69.0.3497.96',        '71.0.3551.3',        '71.0.3551.2',        '71.0.3551.1',        '71.0.3551.0',        '70.0.3538.17',        '69.0.3497.95',        '71.0.3550.3',        '71.0.3550.2',        '71.0.3550.1',        '71.0.3550.0',        '70.0.3538.16',        '69.0.3497.94',        '71.0.3549.1',        '71.0.3549.0',        '70.0.3538.15',        '69.0.3497.93',        '69.0.3497.92',        '71.0.3548.1',        '71.0.3548.0',        '70.0.3538.14',        '69.0.3497.91',        '71.0.3547.1',        '71.0.3547.0',        '70.0.3538.13',        '69.0.3497.90',        '71.0.3546.2',        '69.0.3497.89',        '71.0.3546.1',        '71.0.3546.0',        '70.0.3538.12',        '69.0.3497.88',        '71.0.3545.4',        '71.0.3545.3',        '71.0.3545.2',        '71.0.3545.1',        '71.0.3545.0',        '70.0.3538.11',        '69.0.3497.87',        '71.0.3544.5',        '71.0.3544.4',        '71.0.3544.3',        '71.0.3544.2',        '71.0.3544.1',        '71.0.3544.0',        '69.0.3497.86',        '70.0.3538.10',        '69.0.3497.85',        '70.0.3538.9',        '69.0.3497.84',        '71.0.3543.4',        '70.0.3538.8',        '71.0.3543.3',        '71.0.3543.2',        '71.0.3543.1',        '71.0.3543.0',        '70.0.3538.7',        '69.0.3497.83',        '71.0.3542.2',        '71.0.3542.1',        '71.0.3542.0',        '70.0.3538.6',        '69.0.3497.82',        '69.0.3497.81',        '71.0.3541.1',        '71.0.3541.0',        '70.0.3538.5',        '69.0.3497.80',        '71.0.3540.1',        '71.0.3540.0',        '70.0.3538.4',        '69.0.3497.79',        '70.0.3538.3',        '71.0.3539.1',        '71.0.3539.0',        '69.0.3497.78',        '68.0.3440.134',        '69.0.3497.77',        '70.0.3538.2',        '70.0.3538.1',        '70.0.3538.0',        '69.0.3497.76',        '68.0.3440.133',        '69.0.3497.75',        '70.0.3537.2',        '70.0.3537.1',        '70.0.3537.0',        '69.0.3497.74',        '68.0.3440.132',        '70.0.3536.0',        '70.0.3535.5',        '70.0.3535.4',        '70.0.3535.3',        '69.0.3497.73',        '68.0.3440.131',        '70.0.3532.8',        '70.0.3532.7',        '69.0.3497.72',        '69.0.3497.71',        '70.0.3535.2',        '70.0.3535.1',        '70.0.3535.0',        '69.0.3497.70',        '68.0.3440.130',        '69.0.3497.69',        '68.0.3440.129',        '70.0.3534.4',        '70.0.3534.3',        '70.0.3534.2',        '70.0.3534.1',        '70.0.3534.0',        '69.0.3497.68',        '68.0.3440.128',        '70.0.3533.2',        '70.0.3533.1',        '70.0.3533.0',        '69.0.3497.67',        '68.0.3440.127',        '70.0.3532.6',        '70.0.3532.5',        '70.0.3532.4',        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'69.0.3497.48',        '69.0.3497.47',        '68.0.3440.119',        '68.0.3440.118',        '70.0.3525.5',        '70.0.3525.4',        '70.0.3525.3',        '68.0.3440.117',        '69.0.3497.46',        '70.0.3525.2',        '70.0.3525.1',        '70.0.3525.0',        '69.0.3497.45',        '68.0.3440.116',        '70.0.3524.4',        '70.0.3524.3',        '69.0.3497.44',        '70.0.3524.2',        '70.0.3524.1',        '70.0.3524.0',        '70.0.3523.2',        '69.0.3497.43',        '68.0.3440.115',        '70.0.3505.9',        '69.0.3497.42',        '70.0.3505.8',        '70.0.3523.1',        '70.0.3523.0',        '69.0.3497.41',        '68.0.3440.114',        '70.0.3505.7',        '69.0.3497.40',        '70.0.3522.1',        '70.0.3522.0',        '70.0.3521.2',        '69.0.3497.39',        '68.0.3440.113',        '70.0.3505.6',        '70.0.3521.1',        '70.0.3521.0',        '69.0.3497.38',        '68.0.3440.112',        '70.0.3520.1',        '70.0.3520.0',        '69.0.3497.37',        '68.0.3440.111',        '70.0.3519.3',        '70.0.3519.2',        '70.0.3519.1',        '70.0.3519.0',        '69.0.3497.36',        '68.0.3440.110',        '70.0.3518.1',        '70.0.3518.0',        '69.0.3497.35',        '69.0.3497.34',        '68.0.3440.109',        '70.0.3517.1',        '70.0.3517.0',        '69.0.3497.33',        '68.0.3440.108',        '69.0.3497.32',        '70.0.3516.3',        '70.0.3516.2',        '70.0.3516.1',        '70.0.3516.0',        '69.0.3497.31',        '68.0.3440.107',        '70.0.3515.4',        '68.0.3440.106',        '70.0.3515.3',        '70.0.3515.2',        '70.0.3515.1',        '70.0.3515.0',        '69.0.3497.30',        '68.0.3440.105',        '68.0.3440.104',        '70.0.3514.2',        '70.0.3514.1',        '70.0.3514.0',        '69.0.3497.29',        '68.0.3440.103',        '70.0.3513.1',        '70.0.3513.0',        '69.0.3497.28',    )    return _USER_AGENT_TPL % random.choice(_CHROME_VERSIONS)

std_headers = {    'User-Agent': random_user_agent(),    'Accept-Charset': 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7',    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',    'Accept-Language': 'en-us,en;q=0.5',}

USER_AGENTS = {    'Safari': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:10.0) AppleWebKit/533.20.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.4 Safari/533.20.27',}

NO_DEFAULT = object()
ENGLISH_MONTH_NAMES = [    'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June',    'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']
MONTH_NAMES = {    'en': ENGLISH_MONTH_NAMES,    'fr': [        'janvier', 'février', 'mars', 'avril', 'mai', 'juin',        'juillet', 'août', 'septembre', 'octobre', 'novembre', 'décembre'],}
KNOWN_EXTENSIONS = (    'mp4', 'm4a', 'm4p', 'm4b', 'm4r', 'm4v', 'aac',    'flv', 'f4v', 'f4a', 'f4b',    'webm', 'ogg', 'ogv', 'oga', 'ogx', 'spx', 'opus',    'mkv', 'mka', 'mk3d',    'avi', 'divx',    'mov',    'asf', 'wmv', 'wma',    '3gp', '3g2',    'mp3',    'flac',    'ape',    'wav',    'f4f', 'f4m', 'm3u8', 'smil')
# needed for sanitizing filenames in restricted modeACCENT_CHARS = dict(zip('ÂÃÄÀÁÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖŐØŒÙÚÛÜŰÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöőøœùúûüűýþÿ',                        itertools.chain('AAAAAA', ['AE'], 'CEEEEIIIIDNOOOOOOO', ['OE'], 'UUUUUY', ['TH', 'ss'],                                        'aaaaaa', ['ae'], 'ceeeeiiiionooooooo', ['oe'], 'uuuuuy', ['th'], 'y')))
DATE_FORMATS = (    '%d %B %Y',    '%d %b %Y',    '%B %d %Y',    '%B %dst %Y',    '%B %dnd %Y',    '%B %dth %Y',    '%b %d %Y',    '%b %dst %Y',    '%b %dnd %Y',    '%b %dth %Y',    '%b %dst %Y %I:%M',    '%b %dnd %Y %I:%M',    '%b %dth %Y %I:%M',    '%Y %m %d',    '%Y-%m-%d',    '%Y/%m/%d',    '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M',    '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',    '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',    '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',    '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f',    '%d.%m.%Y %H:%M',    '%d.%m.%Y %H.%M',    '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ',    '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ',    '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f0Z',    '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S',    '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f',    '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M',    '%b %d %Y at %H:%M',    '%b %d %Y at %H:%M:%S',    '%B %d %Y at %H:%M',    '%B %d %Y at %H:%M:%S',)
DATE_FORMATS_DAY_FIRST = list(DATE_FORMATS)DATE_FORMATS_DAY_FIRST.extend([    '%d-%m-%Y',    '%d.%m.%Y',    '%d.%m.%y',    '%d/%m/%Y',    '%d/%m/%y',    '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S',])
DATE_FORMATS_MONTH_FIRST = list(DATE_FORMATS)DATE_FORMATS_MONTH_FIRST.extend([    '%m-%d-%Y',    '%m.%d.%Y',    '%m/%d/%Y',    '%m/%d/%y',    '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S',])
PACKED_CODES_RE = r"}\('(.+)',(\d+),(\d+),'([^']+)'\.split\('\|'\)"JSON_LD_RE = r'(?is)<script[^>]+type=(["\']?)application/ld\+json\1[^>]*>(?P<json_ld>.+?)</script>'

def preferredencoding():    """Get preferred encoding.

    Returns the best encoding scheme for the system, based on    locale.getpreferredencoding() and some further tweaks.    """
    try:        pref = locale.getpreferredencoding()        'TEST'.encode(pref)    except Exception:        pref = 'UTF-8'
    return pref

def write_json_file(obj, fn):    """ Encode obj as JSON and write it to fn, atomically if possible """
    fn = encodeFilename(fn)    if sys.version_info < (3, 0) and sys.platform != 'win32':        encoding = get_filesystem_encoding()        # os.path.basename returns a bytes object, but NamedTemporaryFile        # will fail if the filename contains non ascii characters unless we        # use a unicode object        path_basename = lambda f: os.path.basename(fn).decode(encoding)        # the same for os.path.dirname        path_dirname = lambda f: os.path.dirname(fn).decode(encoding)    else:        path_basename = os.path.basename        path_dirname = os.path.dirname
    args = {        'suffix': '.tmp',        'prefix': path_basename(fn) + '.',        'dir': path_dirname(fn),        'delete': False,    }
    # In Python 2.x, json.dump expects a bytestream.    # In Python 3.x, it writes to a character stream    if sys.version_info < (3, 0):        args['mode'] = 'wb'    else:        args.update({            'mode': 'w',            'encoding': 'utf-8',        })
    tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(**compat_kwargs(args))
    try:        with tf:            json.dump(obj, tf)        if sys.platform == 'win32':            # Need to remove existing file on Windows, else os.rename raises            # WindowsError or FileExistsError.            try:                os.unlink(fn)            except OSError:                pass        os.rename(tf.name, fn)    except Exception:        try:            os.remove(tf.name)        except OSError:            pass        raise

if sys.version_info >= (2, 7):    def find_xpath_attr(node, xpath, key, val=None):        """ Find the xpath xpath[@key=val] """        assert re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z_-]+$', key)        expr = xpath + ('[@%s]' % key if val is None else "[@%s='%s']" % (key, val))        return node.find(expr)else:    def find_xpath_attr(node, xpath, key, val=None):        for f in node.findall(compat_xpath(xpath)):            if key not in f.attrib:                continue            if val is None or f.attrib.get(key) == val:                return f        return None
# On python2.6 the xml.etree.ElementTree.Element methods don't support# the namespace parameter

def xpath_with_ns(path, ns_map):    components = [c.split(':') for c in path.split('/')]    replaced = []    for c in components:        if len(c) == 1:            replaced.append(c[0])        else:            ns, tag = c            replaced.append('{%s}%s' % (ns_map[ns], tag))    return '/'.join(replaced)

def xpath_element(node, xpath, name=None, fatal=False, default=NO_DEFAULT):    def _find_xpath(xpath):        return node.find(compat_xpath(xpath))
    if isinstance(xpath, (str, compat_str)):        n = _find_xpath(xpath)    else:        for xp in xpath:            n = _find_xpath(xp)            if n is not None:                break
    if n is None:        if default is not NO_DEFAULT:            return default        elif fatal:            name = xpath if name is None else name            raise ExtractorError('Could not find XML element %s' % name)        else:            return None    return n

def xpath_text(node, xpath, name=None, fatal=False, default=NO_DEFAULT):    n = xpath_element(node, xpath, name, fatal=fatal, default=default)    if n is None or n == default:        return n    if n.text is None:        if default is not NO_DEFAULT:            return default        elif fatal:            name = xpath if name is None else name            raise ExtractorError('Could not find XML element\'s text %s' % name)        else:            return None    return n.text

def xpath_attr(node, xpath, key, name=None, fatal=False, default=NO_DEFAULT):    n = find_xpath_attr(node, xpath, key)    if n is None:        if default is not NO_DEFAULT:            return default        elif fatal:            name = '%s[@%s]' % (xpath, key) if name is None else name            raise ExtractorError('Could not find XML attribute %s' % name)        else:            return None    return n.attrib[key]

def get_element_by_id(id, html):    """Return the content of the tag with the specified ID in the passed HTML document"""    return get_element_by_attribute('id', id, html)

def get_element_by_class(class_name, html):    """Return the content of the first tag with the specified class in the passed HTML document"""    retval = get_elements_by_class(class_name, html)    return retval[0] if retval else None

def get_element_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value=True):    retval = get_elements_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value)    return retval[0] if retval else None

def get_elements_by_class(class_name, html):    """Return the content of all tags with the specified class in the passed HTML document as a list"""    return get_elements_by_attribute(        'class', r'[^\'"]*\b%s\b[^\'"]*' % re.escape(class_name),        html, escape_value=False)

def get_elements_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value=True):    """Return the content of the tag with the specified attribute in the passed HTML document"""
    value = re.escape(value) if escape_value else value
    retlist = []    for m in re.finditer(r'''(?xs)
        <([a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+)         (?:\s+[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+(?:=[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]*|="[^"]*"|='[^']*'|))*?         \s+%s=['"]?%s['"]?         (?:\s+[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+(?:=[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]*|="[^"]*"|='[^']*'|))*?        \s*>        (?P<content>.*?)        </\1>    ''' % (re.escape(attribute), value), html):
        res = m.group('content')
        if res.startswith('"') or res.startswith("'"):            res = res[1:-1]
        retlist.append(unescapeHTML(res))
    return retlist

class HTMLAttributeParser(compat_HTMLParser):    """Trivial HTML parser to gather the attributes for a single element"""    def __init__(self):        self.attrs = {}        compat_HTMLParser.__init__(self)
    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):        self.attrs = dict(attrs)

def extract_attributes(html_element):    """Given a string for an HTML element such as
    <el         a="foo" B="bar" c="&98;az" d=boz         empty= noval entity="&amp;"         sq='"' dq="'"    >    Decode and return a dictionary of attributes.    {        'a': 'foo', 'b': 'bar', c: 'baz', d: 'boz',        'empty': '', 'noval': None, 'entity': '&',        'sq': '"', 'dq': '\''    }.    NB HTMLParser is stricter in Python 2.6 & 3.2 than in later versions,    but the cases in the unit test will work for all of 2.6, 2.7, 3.2-3.5.    """
    parser = HTMLAttributeParser()    try:        parser.feed(html_element)        parser.close()    # Older Python may throw HTMLParseError in case of malformed HTML    except compat_HTMLParseError:        pass    return parser.attrs

def clean_html(html):    """Clean an HTML snippet into a readable string"""
    if html is None:  # Convenience for sanitizing descriptions etc.        return html
    # Newline vs <br />    html = html.replace('\n', ' ')    html = re.sub(r'(?u)\s*<\s*br\s*/?\s*>\s*', '\n', html)    html = re.sub(r'(?u)<\s*/\s*p\s*>\s*<\s*p[^>]*>', '\n', html)    # Strip html tags    html = re.sub('<.*?>', '', html)    # Replace html entities    html = unescapeHTML(html)    return html.strip()

def sanitize_open(filename, open_mode):    """Try to open the given filename, and slightly tweak it if this fails.

    Attempts to open the given filename. If this fails, it tries to change    the filename slightly, step by step, until it's either able to open it    or it fails and raises a final exception, like the standard open()    function.
    It returns the tuple (stream, definitive_file_name).    """
    try:        if filename == '-':            if sys.platform == 'win32':                import msvcrt                msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)            return (sys.stdout.buffer if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer') else sys.stdout, filename)        stream = open(encodeFilename(filename), open_mode)        return (stream, filename)    except (IOError, OSError) as err:        if err.errno in (errno.EACCES,):            raise
        # In case of error, try to remove win32 forbidden chars        alt_filename = sanitize_path(filename)        if alt_filename == filename:            raise        else:            # An exception here should be caught in the caller            stream = open(encodeFilename(alt_filename), open_mode)            return (stream, alt_filename)

def timeconvert(timestr):    """Convert RFC 2822 defined time string into system timestamp"""    timestamp = None    timetuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(timestr)    if timetuple is not None:        timestamp = email.utils.mktime_tz(timetuple)    return timestamp

def sanitize_filename(s, restricted=False, is_id=False):    """Sanitizes a string so it could be used as part of a filename.
    If restricted is set, use a stricter subset of allowed characters.    Set is_id if this is not an arbitrary string, but an ID that should be kept    if possible.    """
    def replace_insane(char):        if restricted and char in ACCENT_CHARS:            return ACCENT_CHARS[char]        if char == '?' or ord(char) < 32 or ord(char) == 127:            return ''        elif char == '"':            return '' if restricted else '\''        elif char == ':':            return '_-' if restricted else ' -'        elif char in '\\/|*<>':            return '_'        if restricted and (char in '!&\'()[]{}$;`^,#' or char.isspace()):            return '_'        if restricted and ord(char) > 127:            return '_'        return char
    # Handle timestamps    s = re.sub(r'[0-9]+(?::[0-9]+)+', lambda m: m.group(0).replace(':', '_'), s)    result = ''.join(map(replace_insane, s))    if not is_id:        while '__' in result:            result = result.replace('__', '_')        result = result.strip('_')        # Common case of "Foreign band name - English song title"        if restricted and result.startswith('-_'):            result = result[2:]        if result.startswith('-'):            result = '_' + result[len('-'):]        result = result.lstrip('.')        if not result:            result = '_'    return result

def sanitize_path(s):    """Sanitizes and normalizes path on Windows"""    if sys.platform != 'win32':        return s    drive_or_unc, _ = os.path.splitdrive(s)    if sys.version_info < (2, 7) and not drive_or_unc:        drive_or_unc, _ = os.path.splitunc(s)    norm_path = os.path.normpath(remove_start(s, drive_or_unc)).split(os.path.sep)    if drive_or_unc:        norm_path.pop(0)    sanitized_path = [        path_part if path_part in ['.', '..'] else re.sub(r'(?:[/<>:"\|\\?\*]|[\s.]$)', '#', path_part)        for path_part in norm_path]    if drive_or_unc:        sanitized_path.insert(0, drive_or_unc + os.path.sep)    return os.path.join(*sanitized_path)

def sanitize_url(url):    # Prepend protocol-less URLs with `http:` scheme in order to mitigate    # the number of unwanted failures due to missing protocol    if url.startswith('//'):        return 'http:%s' % url    # Fix some common typos seen so far    COMMON_TYPOS = (        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/15649        (r'^httpss://', r'https://'),        # https://bx1.be/lives/direct-tv/        (r'^rmtp([es]?)://', r'rtmp\1://'),    )    for mistake, fixup in COMMON_TYPOS:        if re.match(mistake, url):            return re.sub(mistake, fixup, url)    return url

def sanitized_Request(url, *args, **kwargs):    return compat_urllib_request.Request(sanitize_url(url), *args, **kwargs)

def expand_path(s):    """Expand shell variables and ~"""    return os.path.expandvars(compat_expanduser(s))

def orderedSet(iterable):    """ Remove all duplicates from the input iterable """    res = []    for el in iterable:        if el not in res:            res.append(el)    return res

def _htmlentity_transform(entity_with_semicolon):    """Transforms an HTML entity to a character."""    entity = entity_with_semicolon[:-1]
    # Known non-numeric HTML entity    if entity in compat_html_entities.name2codepoint:        return compat_chr(compat_html_entities.name2codepoint[entity])
    # TODO: HTML5 allows entities without a semicolon. For example,    # '&Eacuteric' should be decoded as 'Éric'.    if entity_with_semicolon in compat_html_entities_html5:        return compat_html_entities_html5[entity_with_semicolon]
    mobj = re.match(r'#(x[0-9a-fA-F]+|[0-9]+)', entity)    if mobj is not None:        numstr = mobj.group(1)        if numstr.startswith('x'):            base = 16            numstr = '0%s' % numstr        else:            base = 10        # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7518        try:            return compat_chr(int(numstr, base))        except ValueError:            pass
    # Unknown entity in name, return its literal representation    return '&%s;' % entity

def unescapeHTML(s):    if s is None:        return None    assert type(s) == compat_str
    return re.sub(        r'&([^&;]+;)', lambda m: _htmlentity_transform(m.group(1)), s)

def get_subprocess_encoding():    if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.getwindowsversion()[0] >= 5:        # For subprocess calls, encode with locale encoding        # Refer to http://stackoverflow.com/a/9951851/35070        encoding = preferredencoding()    else:        encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()    if encoding is None:        encoding = 'utf-8'    return encoding

def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):    """
    @param s The name of the file    """

    assert type(s) == compat_str
    # Python 3 has a Unicode API    if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):        return s
    # Pass '' directly to use Unicode APIs on Windows 2000 and up    # (Detecting Windows NT 4 is tricky because 'major >= 4' would    # match Windows 9x series as well. Besides, NT 4 is obsolete.)    if not for_subprocess and sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.getwindowsversion()[0] >= 5:        return s
    # Jython assumes filenames are Unicode strings though reported as Python 2.x compatible    if sys.platform.startswith('java'):        return s
    return s.encode(get_subprocess_encoding(), 'ignore')

def decodeFilename(b, for_subprocess=False):
    if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):        return b
    if not isinstance(b, bytes):        return b
    return b.decode(get_subprocess_encoding(), 'ignore')

def encodeArgument(s):    if not isinstance(s, compat_str):        # Legacy code that uses byte strings        # Uncomment the following line after fixing all post processors        # assert False, 'Internal error: %r should be of type %r, is %r' % (s, compat_str, type(s))        s = s.decode('ascii')    return encodeFilename(s, True)

def decodeArgument(b):    return decodeFilename(b, True)

def decodeOption(optval):    if optval is None:        return optval    if isinstance(optval, bytes):        optval = optval.decode(preferredencoding())
    assert isinstance(optval, compat_str)    return optval

def formatSeconds(secs):    if secs > 3600:        return '%d:%02d:%02d' % (secs // 3600, (secs % 3600) // 60, secs % 60)    elif secs > 60:        return '%d:%02d' % (secs // 60, secs % 60)    else:        return '%d' % secs

def make_HTTPS_handler(params, **kwargs):    opts_no_check_certificate = params.get('nocheckcertificate', False)    if hasattr(ssl, 'create_default_context'):  # Python >= 3.4 or 2.7.9        context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH)        if opts_no_check_certificate:            context.check_hostname = False            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE        try:            return YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(params, context=context, **kwargs)        except TypeError:            # Python 2.7.8            # (create_default_context present but HTTPSHandler has no context=)            pass
    if sys.version_info < (3, 2):        return YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(params, **kwargs)    else:  # Python < 3.4        context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)        context.verify_mode = (ssl.CERT_NONE                               if opts_no_check_certificate                               else ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)        context.set_default_verify_paths()        return YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(params, context=context, **kwargs)

def bug_reports_message():    if ytdl_is_updateable():        update_cmd = 'type  youtube-dl -U  to update'    else:        update_cmd = 'see  https://yt-dl.org/update  on how to update'    msg = '; please report this issue on https://yt-dl.org/bug .'    msg += ' Make sure you are using the latest version; %s.' % update_cmd    msg += ' Be sure to call youtube-dl with the --verbose flag and include its complete output.'    return msg

class YoutubeDLError(Exception):    """Base exception for YoutubeDL errors."""    pass

class ExtractorError(YoutubeDLError):    """Error during info extraction."""
    def __init__(self, msg, tb=None, expected=False, cause=None, video_id=None):        """ tb, if given, is the original traceback (so that it can be printed out).
        If expected is set, this is a normal error message and most likely not a bug in youtube-dl.        """

        if sys.exc_info()[0] in (compat_urllib_error.URLError, socket.timeout, UnavailableVideoError):            expected = True        if video_id is not None:            msg = video_id + ': ' + msg        if cause:            msg += ' (caused by %r)' % cause        if not expected:            msg += bug_reports_message()        super(ExtractorError, self).__init__(msg)
        self.traceback = tb        self.exc_info = sys.exc_info()  # preserve original exception        self.cause = cause        self.video_id = video_id
    def format_traceback(self):        if self.traceback is None:            return None        return ''.join(traceback.format_tb(self.traceback))

class UnsupportedError(ExtractorError):    def __init__(self, url):        super(UnsupportedError, self).__init__(            'Unsupported URL: %s' % url, expected=True)        self.url = url

class RegexNotFoundError(ExtractorError):    """Error when a regex didn't match"""    pass

class GeoRestrictedError(ExtractorError):    """Geographic restriction Error exception.

    This exception may be thrown when a video is not available from your    geographic location due to geographic restrictions imposed by a website.    """
    def __init__(self, msg, countries=None):        super(GeoRestrictedError, self).__init__(msg, expected=True)        self.msg = msg        self.countries = countries

class DownloadError(YoutubeDLError):    """Download Error exception.

    This exception may be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they are not    configured to continue on errors. They will contain the appropriate    error message.    """

    def __init__(self, msg, exc_info=None):        """ exc_info, if given, is the original exception that caused the trouble (as returned by sys.exc_info()). """        super(DownloadError, self).__init__(msg)        self.exc_info = exc_info

class SameFileError(YoutubeDLError):    """Same File exception.

    This exception will be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they detect    multiple files would have to be downloaded to the same file on disk.    """
    pass

class PostProcessingError(YoutubeDLError):    """Post Processing exception.

    This exception may be raised by PostProcessor's .run() method to    indicate an error in the postprocessing task.    """

    def __init__(self, msg):        super(PostProcessingError, self).__init__(msg)        self.msg = msg

class MaxDownloadsReached(YoutubeDLError):    """ --max-downloads limit has been reached. """    pass

class UnavailableVideoError(YoutubeDLError):    """Unavailable Format exception.

    This exception will be thrown when a video is requested    in a format that is not available for that video.    """
    pass

class ContentTooShortError(YoutubeDLError):    """Content Too Short exception.

    This exception may be raised by FileDownloader objects when a file they    download is too small for what the server announced first, indicating    the connection was probably interrupted.    """

    def __init__(self, downloaded, expected):        super(ContentTooShortError, self).__init__(            'Downloaded {0} bytes, expected {1} bytes'.format(downloaded, expected)        )        # Both in bytes        self.downloaded = downloaded        self.expected = expected

class XAttrMetadataError(YoutubeDLError):    def __init__(self, code=None, msg='Unknown error'):        super(XAttrMetadataError, self).__init__(msg)        self.code = code        self.msg = msg
        # Parsing code and msg        if (self.code in (errno.ENOSPC, errno.EDQUOT)                or 'No space left' in self.msg or 'Disk quota excedded' in self.msg):            self.reason = 'NO_SPACE'        elif self.code == errno.E2BIG or 'Argument list too long' in self.msg:            self.reason = 'VALUE_TOO_LONG'        else:            self.reason = 'NOT_SUPPORTED'

class XAttrUnavailableError(YoutubeDLError):    pass

def _create_http_connection(ydl_handler, http_class, is_https, *args, **kwargs):    # Working around python 2 bug (see http://bugs.python.org/issue17849) by limiting    # expected HTTP responses to meet HTTP/1.0 or later (see also    # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/6727)    if sys.version_info < (3, 0):        kwargs['strict'] = True    hc = http_class(*args, **compat_kwargs(kwargs))    source_address = ydl_handler._params.get('source_address')
    if source_address is not None:        # This is to workaround _create_connection() from socket where it will try all        # address data from getaddrinfo() including IPv6. This filters the result from        # getaddrinfo() based on the source_address value.        # This is based on the cpython socket.create_connection() function.        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/master/Lib/socket.py#L691        def _create_connection(address, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, source_address=None):            host, port = address            err = None            addrs = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM)            af = socket.AF_INET if '.' in source_address[0] else socket.AF_INET6            ip_addrs = [addr for addr in addrs if addr[0] == af]            if addrs and not ip_addrs:                ip_version = 'v4' if af == socket.AF_INET else 'v6'                raise socket.error(                    "No remote IP%s addresses available for connect, can't use '%s' as source address"                    % (ip_version, source_address[0]))            for res in ip_addrs:                af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res                sock = None                try:                    sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)                    if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:                        sock.settimeout(timeout)                    sock.bind(source_address)                    sock.connect(sa)                    err = None  # Explicitly break reference cycle                    return sock                except socket.error as _:                    err = _                    if sock is not None:                        sock.close()            if err is not None:                raise err            else:                raise socket.error('getaddrinfo returns an empty list')        if hasattr(hc, '_create_connection'):            hc._create_connection = _create_connection        sa = (source_address, 0)        if hasattr(hc, 'source_address'):  # Python 2.7+            hc.source_address = sa        else:  # Python 2.6            def _hc_connect(self, *args, **kwargs):                sock = _create_connection(                    (self.host, self.port), self.timeout, sa)                if is_https:                    self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(                        sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file,                        ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)                else:                    self.sock = sock            hc.connect = functools.partial(_hc_connect, hc)
    return hc

def handle_youtubedl_headers(headers):    filtered_headers = headers
    if 'Youtubedl-no-compression' in filtered_headers:        filtered_headers = dict((k, v) for k, v in filtered_headers.items() if k.lower() != 'accept-encoding')        del filtered_headers['Youtubedl-no-compression']
    return filtered_headers

class YoutubeDLHandler(compat_urllib_request.HTTPHandler):    """Handler for HTTP requests and responses.

    This class, when installed with an OpenerDirector, automatically adds    the standard headers to every HTTP request and handles gzipped and    deflated responses from web servers. If compression is to be avoided in    a particular request, the original request in the program code only has    to include the HTTP header "Youtubedl-no-compression", which will be    removed before making the real request.
    Part of this code was copied from:
    http://techknack.net/python-urllib2-handlers/
    Andrew Rowls, the author of that code, agreed to release it to the    public domain.    """

    def __init__(self, params, *args, **kwargs):        compat_urllib_request.HTTPHandler.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)        self._params = params
    def http_open(self, req):        conn_class = compat_http_client.HTTPConnection
        socks_proxy = req.headers.get('Ytdl-socks-proxy')        if socks_proxy:            conn_class = make_socks_conn_class(conn_class, socks_proxy)            del req.headers['Ytdl-socks-proxy']
        return self.do_open(functools.partial(            _create_http_connection, self, conn_class, False),            req)
    @staticmethod    def deflate(data):        try:            return zlib.decompress(data, -zlib.MAX_WBITS)        except zlib.error:            return zlib.decompress(data)
    def http_request(self, req):        # According to RFC 3986, URLs can not contain non-ASCII characters, however this is not        # always respected by websites, some tend to give out URLs with non percent-encoded        # non-ASCII characters (see telemb.py, ard.py [#3412])        # urllib chokes on URLs with non-ASCII characters (see http://bugs.python.org/issue3991)        # To work around aforementioned issue we will replace request's original URL with        # percent-encoded one        # Since redirects are also affected (e.g. http://www.southpark.de/alle-episoden/s18e09)        # the code of this workaround has been moved here from YoutubeDL.urlopen()        url = req.get_full_url()        url_escaped = escape_url(url)
        # Substitute URL if any change after escaping        if url != url_escaped:            req = update_Request(req, url=url_escaped)
        for h, v in std_headers.items():            # Capitalize is needed because of Python bug 2275: http://bugs.python.org/issue2275            # The dict keys are capitalized because of this bug by urllib            if h.capitalize() not in req.headers:                req.add_header(h, v)
        req.headers = handle_youtubedl_headers(req.headers)
        if sys.version_info < (2, 7) and '#' in req.get_full_url():            # Python 2.6 is brain-dead when it comes to fragments            req._Request__original = req._Request__original.partition('#')[0]            req._Request__r_type = req._Request__r_type.partition('#')[0]
        return req
    def http_response(self, req, resp):        old_resp = resp        # gzip        if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'gzip':            content = resp.read()            gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(content), mode='rb')            try:                uncompressed = io.BytesIO(gz.read())            except IOError as original_ioerror:                # There may be junk add the end of the file                # See http://stackoverflow.com/q/4928560/35070 for details                for i in range(1, 1024):                    try:                        gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(content[:-i]), mode='rb')                        uncompressed = io.BytesIO(gz.read())                    except IOError:                        continue                    break                else:                    raise original_ioerror            resp = compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(uncompressed, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)            resp.msg = old_resp.msg            del resp.headers['Content-encoding']        # deflate        if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'deflate':            gz = io.BytesIO(self.deflate(resp.read()))            resp = compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)            resp.msg = old_resp.msg            del resp.headers['Content-encoding']        # Percent-encode redirect URL of Location HTTP header to satisfy RFC 3986 (see        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/6457).        if 300 <= resp.code < 400:            location = resp.headers.get('Location')            if location:                # As of RFC 2616 default charset is iso-8859-1 that is respected by python 3                if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):                    location = location.encode('iso-8859-1').decode('utf-8')                else:                    location = location.decode('utf-8')                location_escaped = escape_url(location)                if location != location_escaped:                    del resp.headers['Location']                    if sys.version_info < (3, 0):                        location_escaped = location_escaped.encode('utf-8')                    resp.headers['Location'] = location_escaped        return resp
    https_request = http_request    https_response = http_response

def make_socks_conn_class(base_class, socks_proxy):    assert issubclass(base_class, (        compat_http_client.HTTPConnection, compat_http_client.HTTPSConnection))
    url_components = compat_urlparse.urlparse(socks_proxy)    if url_components.scheme.lower() == 'socks5':        socks_type = ProxyType.SOCKS5    elif url_components.scheme.lower() in ('socks', 'socks4'):        socks_type = ProxyType.SOCKS4    elif url_components.scheme.lower() == 'socks4a':        socks_type = ProxyType.SOCKS4A
    def unquote_if_non_empty(s):        if not s:            return s        return compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(s)
    proxy_args = (        socks_type,        url_components.hostname, url_components.port or 1080,        True,  # Remote DNS        unquote_if_non_empty(url_components.username),        unquote_if_non_empty(url_components.password),    )
    class SocksConnection(base_class):        def connect(self):            self.sock = sockssocket()            self.sock.setproxy(*proxy_args)            if type(self.timeout) in (int, float):                self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)            self.sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
            if isinstance(self, compat_http_client.HTTPSConnection):                if hasattr(self, '_context'):  # Python > 2.6                    self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(                        self.sock, server_hostname=self.host)                else:                    self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(self.sock)
    return SocksConnection

class YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(compat_urllib_request.HTTPSHandler):    def __init__(self, params, https_conn_class=None, *args, **kwargs):        compat_urllib_request.HTTPSHandler.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)        self._https_conn_class = https_conn_class or compat_http_client.HTTPSConnection        self._params = params
    def https_open(self, req):        kwargs = {}        conn_class = self._https_conn_class
        if hasattr(self, '_context'):  # python > 2.6            kwargs['context'] = self._context        if hasattr(self, '_check_hostname'):  # python 3.x            kwargs['check_hostname'] = self._check_hostname
        socks_proxy = req.headers.get('Ytdl-socks-proxy')        if socks_proxy:            conn_class = make_socks_conn_class(conn_class, socks_proxy)            del req.headers['Ytdl-socks-proxy']
        return self.do_open(functools.partial(            _create_http_connection, self, conn_class, True),            req, **kwargs)

class YoutubeDLCookieJar(compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar):    _HTTPONLY_PREFIX = '#HttpOnly_'
    def save(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):        # Store session cookies with `expires` set to 0 instead of an empty        # string        for cookie in self:            if cookie.expires is None:                cookie.expires = 0        compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar.save(self, filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)
    def load(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):        """Load cookies from a file."""        if filename is None:            if self.filename is not None:                filename = self.filename            else:                raise ValueError(compat_cookiejar.MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
        cf = io.StringIO()        with open(filename) as f:            for line in f:                if line.startswith(self._HTTPONLY_PREFIX):                    line = line[len(self._HTTPONLY_PREFIX):]                cf.write(compat_str(line))        cf.seek(0)        self._really_load(cf, filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)        # Session cookies are denoted by either `expires` field set to        # an empty string or 0. MozillaCookieJar only recognizes the former        # (see [1]). So we need force the latter to be recognized as session        # cookies on our own.        # Session cookies may be important for cookies-based authentication,        # e.g. usually, when user does not check 'Remember me' check box while        # logging in on a site, some important cookies are stored as session        # cookies so that not recognizing them will result in failed login.        # 1. https://bugs.python.org/issue17164        for cookie in self:            # Treat `expires=0` cookies as session cookies            if cookie.expires == 0:                cookie.expires = None                cookie.discard = True

class YoutubeDLCookieProcessor(compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor):    def __init__(self, cookiejar=None):        compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor.__init__(self, cookiejar)
    def http_response(self, request, response):        # Python 2 will choke on next HTTP request in row if there are non-ASCII        # characters in Set-Cookie HTTP header of last response (see        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/6769).        # In order to at least prevent crashing we will percent encode Set-Cookie        # header before HTTPCookieProcessor starts processing it.        # if sys.version_info < (3, 0) and response.headers:        #     for set_cookie_header in ('Set-Cookie', 'Set-Cookie2'):        #         set_cookie = response.headers.get(set_cookie_header)        #         if set_cookie:        #             set_cookie_escaped = compat_urllib_parse.quote(set_cookie, b"%/;:@&=+$,!~*'()?#[] ")        #             if set_cookie != set_cookie_escaped:        #                 del response.headers[set_cookie_header]        #                 response.headers[set_cookie_header] = set_cookie_escaped        return compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor.http_response(self, request, response)
    https_request = compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor.http_request    https_response = http_response

def extract_timezone(date_str):    m = re.search(        r'^.{8,}?(?P<tz>Z$| ?(?P<sign>\+|-)(?P<hours>[0-9]{2}):?(?P<minutes>[0-9]{2})$)',        date_str)    if not m:        timezone = datetime.timedelta()    else:        date_str = date_str[:-len(m.group('tz'))]        if not m.group('sign'):            timezone = datetime.timedelta()        else:            sign = 1 if m.group('sign') == '+' else -1            timezone = datetime.timedelta(                hours=sign * int(m.group('hours')),                minutes=sign * int(m.group('minutes')))    return timezone, date_str

def parse_iso8601(date_str, delimiter='T', timezone=None):    """ Return a UNIX timestamp from the given date """
    if date_str is None:        return None
    date_str = re.sub(r'\.[0-9]+', '', date_str)
    if timezone is None:        timezone, date_str = extract_timezone(date_str)
    try:        date_format = '%Y-%m-%d{0}%H:%M:%S'.format(delimiter)        dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, date_format) - timezone        return calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple())    except ValueError:        pass

def date_formats(day_first=True):    return DATE_FORMATS_DAY_FIRST if day_first else DATE_FORMATS_MONTH_FIRST

def unified_strdate(date_str, day_first=True):    """Return a string with the date in the format YYYYMMDD"""
    if date_str is None:        return None    upload_date = None    # Replace commas    date_str = date_str.replace(',', ' ')    # Remove AM/PM + timezone    date_str = re.sub(r'(?i)\s*(?:AM|PM)(?:\s+[A-Z]+)?', '', date_str)    _, date_str = extract_timezone(date_str)
    for expression in date_formats(day_first):        try:            upload_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, expression).strftime('%Y%m%d')        except ValueError:            pass    if upload_date is None:        timetuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(date_str)        if timetuple:            try:                upload_date = datetime.datetime(*timetuple[:6]).strftime('%Y%m%d')            except ValueError:                pass    if upload_date is not None:        return compat_str(upload_date)

def unified_timestamp(date_str, day_first=True):    if date_str is None:        return None
    date_str = re.sub(r'[,|]', '', date_str)
    pm_delta = 12 if re.search(r'(?i)PM', date_str) else 0    timezone, date_str = extract_timezone(date_str)
    # Remove AM/PM + timezone    date_str = re.sub(r'(?i)\s*(?:AM|PM)(?:\s+[A-Z]+)?', '', date_str)
    # Remove unrecognized timezones from ISO 8601 alike timestamps    m = re.search(r'\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}(?:\.\d+)?(?P<tz>\s*[A-Z]+)$', date_str)    if m:        date_str = date_str[:-len(m.group('tz'))]
    # Python only supports microseconds, so remove nanoseconds    m = re.search(r'^([0-9]{4,}-[0-9]{1,2}-[0-9]{1,2}T[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{1,2}\.[0-9]{6})[0-9]+$', date_str)    if m:        date_str = m.group(1)
    for expression in date_formats(day_first):        try:            dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, expression) - timezone + datetime.timedelta(hours=pm_delta)            return calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple())        except ValueError:            pass    timetuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(date_str)    if timetuple:        return calendar.timegm(timetuple) + pm_delta * 3600

def determine_ext(url, default_ext='unknown_video'):    if url is None or '.' not in url:        return default_ext    guess = url.partition('?')[0].rpartition('.')[2]    if re.match(r'^[A-Za-z0-9]+$', guess):        return guess    # Try extract ext from URLs like http://example.com/foo/bar.mp4/?download    elif guess.rstrip('/') in KNOWN_EXTENSIONS:        return guess.rstrip('/')    else:        return default_ext

def subtitles_filename(filename, sub_lang, sub_format, expected_real_ext=None):    return replace_extension(filename, sub_lang + '.' + sub_format, expected_real_ext)

def date_from_str(date_str):    """
    Return a datetime object from a string in the format YYYYMMDD or    (now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?"""
    today = datetime.date.today()    if date_str in ('now', 'today'):        return today    if date_str == 'yesterday':        return today - datetime.timedelta(days=1)    match = re.match(r'(now|today)(?P<sign>[+-])(?P<time>\d+)(?P<unit>day|week|month|year)(s)?', date_str)    if match is not None:        sign = match.group('sign')        time = int(match.group('time'))        if sign == '-':            time = -time        unit = match.group('unit')        # A bad approximation?        if unit == 'month':            unit = 'day'            time *= 30        elif unit == 'year':            unit = 'day'            time *= 365        unit += 's'        delta = datetime.timedelta(**{unit: time})        return today + delta    return datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, '%Y%m%d').date()

def hyphenate_date(date_str):    """
    Convert a date in 'YYYYMMDD' format to 'YYYY-MM-DD' format"""
    match = re.match(r'^(\d\d\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)$', date_str)    if match is not None:        return '-'.join(match.groups())    else:        return date_str

class DateRange(object):    """Represents a time interval between two dates"""
    def __init__(self, start=None, end=None):        """start and end must be strings in the format accepted by date"""        if start is not None:            self.start = date_from_str(start)        else:            self.start = datetime.datetime.min.date()        if end is not None:            self.end = date_from_str(end)        else:            self.end = datetime.datetime.max.date()        if self.start > self.end:            raise ValueError('Date range: "%s" , the start date must be before the end date' % self)
    @classmethod    def day(cls, day):        """Returns a range that only contains the given day"""        return cls(day, day)
    def __contains__(self, date):        """Check if the date is in the range"""        if not isinstance(date, datetime.date):            date = date_from_str(date)        return self.start <= date <= self.end
    def __str__(self):        return '%s - %s' % (self.start.isoformat(), self.end.isoformat())

def platform_name():    """ Returns the platform name as a compat_str """    res = platform.platform()    if isinstance(res, bytes):        res = res.decode(preferredencoding())
    assert isinstance(res, compat_str)    return res

def _windows_write_string(s, out):    """ Returns True if the string was written using special methods,
    False if it has yet to be written out."""
    # Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/3259271/35070
    import ctypes    import ctypes.wintypes
    WIN_OUTPUT_IDS = {        1: -11,        2: -12,    }
    try:        fileno = out.fileno()    except AttributeError:        # If the output stream doesn't have a fileno, it's virtual        return False    except io.UnsupportedOperation:        # Some strange Windows pseudo files?        return False    if fileno not in WIN_OUTPUT_IDS:        return False
    GetStdHandle = compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE(        ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE, ctypes.wintypes.DWORD)(        ('GetStdHandle', ctypes.windll.kernel32))    h = GetStdHandle(WIN_OUTPUT_IDS[fileno])
    WriteConsoleW = compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE(        ctypes.wintypes.BOOL, ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE, ctypes.wintypes.LPWSTR,        ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),        ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID)(('WriteConsoleW', ctypes.windll.kernel32))    written = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD(0)
    GetFileType = compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, ctypes.wintypes.DWORD)(('GetFileType', ctypes.windll.kernel32))    FILE_TYPE_CHAR = 0x0002    FILE_TYPE_REMOTE = 0x8000    GetConsoleMode = compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE(        ctypes.wintypes.BOOL, ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE,        ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD))(        ('GetConsoleMode', ctypes.windll.kernel32))    INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD(-1).value
    def not_a_console(handle):        if handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE or handle is None:            return True        return ((GetFileType(handle) & ~FILE_TYPE_REMOTE) != FILE_TYPE_CHAR                or GetConsoleMode(handle, ctypes.byref(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD())) == 0)
    if not_a_console(h):        return False
    def next_nonbmp_pos(s):        try:            return next(i for i, c in enumerate(s) if ord(c) > 0xffff)        except StopIteration:            return len(s)
    while s:        count = min(next_nonbmp_pos(s), 1024)
        ret = WriteConsoleW(            h, s, count if count else 2, ctypes.byref(written), None)        if ret == 0:            raise OSError('Failed to write string')        if not count:  # We just wrote a non-BMP character            assert written.value == 2            s = s[1:]        else:            assert written.value > 0            s = s[written.value:]    return True

def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):    if out is None:        out = sys.stderr    assert type(s) == compat_str
    if sys.platform == 'win32' and encoding is None and hasattr(out, 'fileno'):        if _windows_write_string(s, out):            return
    if ('b' in getattr(out, 'mode', '')            or sys.version_info[0] < 3):  # Python 2 lies about mode of sys.stderr        byt = s.encode(encoding or preferredencoding(), 'ignore')        out.write(byt)    elif hasattr(out, 'buffer'):        enc = encoding or getattr(out, 'encoding', None) or preferredencoding()        byt = s.encode(enc, 'ignore')        out.buffer.write(byt)    else:        out.write(s)    out.flush()

def bytes_to_intlist(bs):    if not bs:        return []    if isinstance(bs[0], int):  # Python 3        return list(bs)    else:        return [ord(c) for c in bs]

def intlist_to_bytes(xs):    if not xs:        return b''    return compat_struct_pack('%dB' % len(xs), *xs)

# Cross-platform file lockingif sys.platform == 'win32':    import ctypes.wintypes    import msvcrt
    class OVERLAPPED(ctypes.Structure):        _fields_ = [            ('Internal', ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID),            ('InternalHigh', ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID),            ('Offset', ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),            ('OffsetHigh', ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),            ('hEvent', ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE),        ]
    kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32    LockFileEx = kernel32.LockFileEx    LockFileEx.argtypes = [        ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE,     # hFile        ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # dwFlags        ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # dwReserved        ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # nNumberOfBytesToLockLow        ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh        ctypes.POINTER(OVERLAPPED)  # Overlapped    ]    LockFileEx.restype = ctypes.wintypes.BOOL    UnlockFileEx = kernel32.UnlockFileEx    UnlockFileEx.argtypes = [        ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE,     # hFile        ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # dwReserved        ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # nNumberOfBytesToLockLow        ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh        ctypes.POINTER(OVERLAPPED)  # Overlapped    ]    UnlockFileEx.restype = ctypes.wintypes.BOOL    whole_low = 0xffffffff    whole_high = 0x7fffffff
    def _lock_file(f, exclusive):        overlapped = OVERLAPPED()        overlapped.Offset = 0        overlapped.OffsetHigh = 0        overlapped.hEvent = 0        f._lock_file_overlapped_p = ctypes.pointer(overlapped)        handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(f.fileno())        if not LockFileEx(handle, 0x2 if exclusive else 0x0, 0,                          whole_low, whole_high, f._lock_file_overlapped_p):            raise OSError('Locking file failed: %r' % ctypes.FormatError())
    def _unlock_file(f):        assert f._lock_file_overlapped_p        handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(f.fileno())        if not UnlockFileEx(handle, 0,                            whole_low, whole_high, f._lock_file_overlapped_p):            raise OSError('Unlocking file failed: %r' % ctypes.FormatError())
else:    # Some platforms, such as Jython, is missing fcntl    try:        import fcntl
        def _lock_file(f, exclusive):            fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX if exclusive else fcntl.LOCK_SH)
        def _unlock_file(f):            fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)    except ImportError:        UNSUPPORTED_MSG = 'file locking is not supported on this platform'
        def _lock_file(f, exclusive):            raise IOError(UNSUPPORTED_MSG)
        def _unlock_file(f):            raise IOError(UNSUPPORTED_MSG)

class locked_file(object):    def __init__(self, filename, mode, encoding=None):        assert mode in ['r', 'a', 'w']        self.f = io.open(filename, mode, encoding=encoding)        self.mode = mode
    def __enter__(self):        exclusive = self.mode != 'r'        try:            _lock_file(self.f, exclusive)        except IOError:            self.f.close()            raise        return self
    def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):        try:            _unlock_file(self.f)        finally:            self.f.close()
    def __iter__(self):        return iter(self.f)
    def write(self, *args):        return self.f.write(*args)
    def read(self, *args):        return self.f.read(*args)

def get_filesystem_encoding():    encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()    return encoding if encoding is not None else 'utf-8'

def shell_quote(args):    quoted_args = []    encoding = get_filesystem_encoding()    for a in args:        if isinstance(a, bytes):            # We may get a filename encoded with 'encodeFilename'            a = a.decode(encoding)        quoted_args.append(compat_shlex_quote(a))    return ' '.join(quoted_args)

def smuggle_url(url, data):    """ Pass additional data in a URL for internal use. """
    url, idata = unsmuggle_url(url, {})    data.update(idata)    sdata = compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(        {'__youtubedl_smuggle': json.dumps(data)})    return url + '#' + sdata

def unsmuggle_url(smug_url, default=None):    if '#__youtubedl_smuggle' not in smug_url:        return smug_url, default    url, _, sdata = smug_url.rpartition('#')    jsond = compat_parse_qs(sdata)['__youtubedl_smuggle'][0]    data = json.loads(jsond)    return url, data

def format_bytes(bytes):    if bytes is None:        return 'N/A'    if type(bytes) is str:        bytes = float(bytes)    if bytes == 0.0:        exponent = 0    else:        exponent = int(math.log(bytes, 1024.0))    suffix = ['B', 'KiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB', 'PiB', 'EiB', 'ZiB', 'YiB'][exponent]    converted = float(bytes) / float(1024 ** exponent)    return '%.2f%s' % (converted, suffix)

def lookup_unit_table(unit_table, s):    units_re = '|'.join(re.escape(u) for u in unit_table)    m = re.match(        r'(?P<num>[0-9]+(?:[,.][0-9]*)?)\s*(?P<unit>%s)\b' % units_re, s)    if not m:        return None    num_str = m.group('num').replace(',', '.')    mult = unit_table[m.group('unit')]    return int(float(num_str) * mult)

def parse_filesize(s):    if s is None:        return None
    # The lower-case forms are of course incorrect and unofficial,    # but we support those too    _UNIT_TABLE = {        'B': 1,        'b': 1,        'bytes': 1,        'KiB': 1024,        'KB': 1000,        'kB': 1024,        'Kb': 1000,        'kb': 1000,        'kilobytes': 1000,        'kibibytes': 1024,        'MiB': 1024 ** 2,        'MB': 1000 ** 2,        'mB': 1024 ** 2,        'Mb': 1000 ** 2,        'mb': 1000 ** 2,        'megabytes': 1000 ** 2,        'mebibytes': 1024 ** 2,        'GiB': 1024 ** 3,        'GB': 1000 ** 3,        'gB': 1024 ** 3,        'Gb': 1000 ** 3,        'gb': 1000 ** 3,        'gigabytes': 1000 ** 3,        'gibibytes': 1024 ** 3,        'TiB': 1024 ** 4,        'TB': 1000 ** 4,        'tB': 1024 ** 4,        'Tb': 1000 ** 4,        'tb': 1000 ** 4,        'terabytes': 1000 ** 4,        'tebibytes': 1024 ** 4,        'PiB': 1024 ** 5,        'PB': 1000 ** 5,        'pB': 1024 ** 5,        'Pb': 1000 ** 5,        'pb': 1000 ** 5,        'petabytes': 1000 ** 5,        'pebibytes': 1024 ** 5,        'EiB': 1024 ** 6,        'EB': 1000 ** 6,        'eB': 1024 ** 6,        'Eb': 1000 ** 6,        'eb': 1000 ** 6,        'exabytes': 1000 ** 6,        'exbibytes': 1024 ** 6,        'ZiB': 1024 ** 7,        'ZB': 1000 ** 7,        'zB': 1024 ** 7,        'Zb': 1000 ** 7,        'zb': 1000 ** 7,        'zettabytes': 1000 ** 7,        'zebibytes': 1024 ** 7,        'YiB': 1024 ** 8,        'YB': 1000 ** 8,        'yB': 1024 ** 8,        'Yb': 1000 ** 8,        'yb': 1000 ** 8,        'yottabytes': 1000 ** 8,        'yobibytes': 1024 ** 8,    }
    return lookup_unit_table(_UNIT_TABLE, s)

def parse_count(s):    if s is None:        return None
    s = s.strip()
    if re.match(r'^[\d,.]+$', s):        return str_to_int(s)
    _UNIT_TABLE = {        'k': 1000,        'K': 1000,        'm': 1000 ** 2,        'M': 1000 ** 2,        'kk': 1000 ** 2,        'KK': 1000 ** 2,    }
    return lookup_unit_table(_UNIT_TABLE, s)

def parse_resolution(s):    if s is None:        return {}
    mobj = re.search(r'\b(?P<w>\d+)\s*[xX×]\s*(?P<h>\d+)\b', s)    if mobj:        return {            'width': int(mobj.group('w')),            'height': int(mobj.group('h')),        }
    mobj = re.search(r'\b(\d+)[pPiI]\b', s)    if mobj:        return {'height': int(mobj.group(1))}
    mobj = re.search(r'\b([48])[kK]\b', s)    if mobj:        return {'height': int(mobj.group(1)) * 540}
    return {}

def parse_bitrate(s):    if not isinstance(s, compat_str):        return    mobj = re.search(r'\b(\d+)\s*kbps', s)    if mobj:        return int(mobj.group(1))

def month_by_name(name, lang='en'):    """ Return the number of a month by (locale-independently) English name """
    month_names = MONTH_NAMES.get(lang, MONTH_NAMES['en'])
    try:        return month_names.index(name) + 1    except ValueError:        return None

def month_by_abbreviation(abbrev):    """ Return the number of a month by (locale-independently) English
        abbreviations """

    try:        return [s[:3] for s in ENGLISH_MONTH_NAMES].index(abbrev) + 1    except ValueError:        return None

def fix_xml_ampersands(xml_str):    """Replace all the '&' by '&amp;' in XML"""    return re.sub(        r'&(?!amp;|lt;|gt;|apos;|quot;|#x[0-9a-fA-F]{,4};|#[0-9]{,4};)',        '&amp;',        xml_str)

def setproctitle(title):    assert isinstance(title, compat_str)
    # ctypes in Jython is not complete    # http://bugs.jython.org/issue2148    if sys.platform.startswith('java'):        return
    try:        libc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('libc.so.6')    except OSError:        return    except TypeError:        # LoadLibrary in Windows Python 2.7.13 only expects        # a bytestring, but since unicode_literals turns        # every string into a unicode string, it fails.        return    title_bytes = title.encode('utf-8')    buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(len(title_bytes))    buf.value = title_bytes    try:        libc.prctl(15, buf, 0, 0, 0)    except AttributeError:        return  # Strange libc, just skip this

def remove_start(s, start):    return s[len(start):] if s is not None and s.startswith(start) else s

def remove_end(s, end):    return s[:-len(end)] if s is not None and s.endswith(end) else s

def remove_quotes(s):    if s is None or len(s) < 2:        return s    for quote in ('"', "'", ):        if s[0] == quote and s[-1] == quote:            return s[1:-1]    return s

def url_basename(url):    path = compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).path    return path.strip('/').split('/')[-1]

def base_url(url):    return re.match(r'https?://[^?#&]+/', url).group()

def urljoin(base, path):    if isinstance(path, bytes):        path = path.decode('utf-8')    if not isinstance(path, compat_str) or not path:        return None    if re.match(r'^(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-.]*:)?//', path):        return path    if isinstance(base, bytes):        base = base.decode('utf-8')    if not isinstance(base, compat_str) or not re.match(            r'^(?:https?:)?//', base):        return None    return compat_urlparse.urljoin(base, path)

class HEADRequest(compat_urllib_request.Request):    def get_method(self):        return 'HEAD'

class PUTRequest(compat_urllib_request.Request):    def get_method(self):        return 'PUT'

def int_or_none(v, scale=1, default=None, get_attr=None, invscale=1):    if get_attr:        if v is not None:            v = getattr(v, get_attr, None)    if v == '':        v = None    if v is None:        return default    try:        return int(v) * invscale // scale    except (ValueError, TypeError):        return default

def str_or_none(v, default=None):    return default if v is None else compat_str(v)

def str_to_int(int_str):    """ A more relaxed version of int_or_none """    if int_str is None:        return None    int_str = re.sub(r'[,\.\+]', '', int_str)    return int(int_str)

def float_or_none(v, scale=1, invscale=1, default=None):    if v is None:        return default    try:        return float(v) * invscale / scale    except (ValueError, TypeError):        return default

def bool_or_none(v, default=None):    return v if isinstance(v, bool) else default

def strip_or_none(v, default=None):    return v.strip() if isinstance(v, compat_str) else default

def url_or_none(url):    if not url or not isinstance(url, compat_str):        return None    url = url.strip()    return url if re.match(r'^(?:[a-zA-Z][\da-zA-Z.+-]*:)?//', url) else None

def parse_duration(s):    if not isinstance(s, compat_basestring):        return None
    s = s.strip()
    days, hours, mins, secs, ms = [None] * 5    m = re.match(r'(?:(?:(?:(?P<days>[0-9]+):)?(?P<hours>[0-9]+):)?(?P<mins>[0-9]+):)?(?P<secs>[0-9]+)(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?Z?$', s)    if m:        days, hours, mins, secs, ms = m.groups()    else:        m = re.match(            r'''(?ix)(?:P?
                (?:                    [0-9]+\s*y(?:ears?)?\s*                )?                (?:                    [0-9]+\s*m(?:onths?)?\s*                )?                (?:                    [0-9]+\s*w(?:eeks?)?\s*                )?                (?:                    (?P<days>[0-9]+)\s*d(?:ays?)?\s*                )?                T)?                (?:                    (?P<hours>[0-9]+)\s*h(?:ours?)?\s*                )?                (?:                    (?P<mins>[0-9]+)\s*m(?:in(?:ute)?s?)?\s*                )?                (?:                    (?P<secs>[0-9]+)(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?\s*s(?:ec(?:ond)?s?)?\s*                )?Z?$''', s)
        if m:            days, hours, mins, secs, ms = m.groups()        else:            m = re.match(r'(?i)(?:(?P<hours>[0-9.]+)\s*(?:hours?)|(?P<mins>[0-9.]+)\s*(?:mins?\.?|minutes?)\s*)Z?$', s)            if m:                hours, mins = m.groups()            else:                return None
    duration = 0    if secs:        duration += float(secs)    if mins:        duration += float(mins) * 60    if hours:        duration += float(hours) * 60 * 60    if days:        duration += float(days) * 24 * 60 * 60    if ms:        duration += float(ms)    return duration

def prepend_extension(filename, ext, expected_real_ext=None):    name, real_ext = os.path.splitext(filename)    return (        '{0}.{1}{2}'.format(name, ext, real_ext)        if not expected_real_ext or real_ext[1:] == expected_real_ext        else '{0}.{1}'.format(filename, ext))

def replace_extension(filename, ext, expected_real_ext=None):    name, real_ext = os.path.splitext(filename)    return '{0}.{1}'.format(        name if not expected_real_ext or real_ext[1:] == expected_real_ext else filename,        ext)

def check_executable(exe, args=[]):    """ Checks if the given binary is installed somewhere in PATH, and returns its name.
    args can be a list of arguments for a short output (like -version) """
    try:        subprocess.Popen([exe] + args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()    except OSError:        return False    return exe

def get_exe_version(exe, args=['--version'],                    version_re=None, unrecognized='present'):    """ Returns the version of the specified executable,
    or False if the executable is not present """
    try:        # STDIN should be redirected too. On UNIX-like systems, ffmpeg triggers        # SIGTTOU if youtube-dl is run in the background.        # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/955#issuecomment-209789656        out, _ = subprocess.Popen(            [encodeArgument(exe)] + args,            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).communicate()    except OSError:        return False    if isinstance(out, bytes):  # Python 2.x        out = out.decode('ascii', 'ignore')    return detect_exe_version(out, version_re, unrecognized)

def detect_exe_version(output, version_re=None, unrecognized='present'):    assert isinstance(output, compat_str)    if version_re is None:        version_re = r'version\s+([-0-9._a-zA-Z]+)'    m = re.search(version_re, output)    if m:        return m.group(1)    else:        return unrecognized

class PagedList(object):    def __len__(self):        # This is only useful for tests        return len(self.getslice())

class OnDemandPagedList(PagedList):    def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagesize, use_cache=True):        self._pagefunc = pagefunc        self._pagesize = pagesize        self._use_cache = use_cache        if use_cache:            self._cache = {}
    def getslice(self, start=0, end=None):        res = []        for pagenum in itertools.count(start // self._pagesize):            firstid = pagenum * self._pagesize            nextfirstid = pagenum * self._pagesize + self._pagesize            if start >= nextfirstid:                continue
            page_results = None            if self._use_cache:                page_results = self._cache.get(pagenum)            if page_results is None:                page_results = list(self._pagefunc(pagenum))            if self._use_cache:                self._cache[pagenum] = page_results
            startv = (                start % self._pagesize                if firstid <= start < nextfirstid                else 0)
            endv = (                ((end - 1) % self._pagesize) + 1                if (end is not None and firstid <= end <= nextfirstid)                else None)
            if startv != 0 or endv is not None:                page_results = page_results[startv:endv]            res.extend(page_results)
            # A little optimization - if current page is not "full", ie. does            # not contain page_size videos then we can assume that this page            # is the last one - there are no more ids on further pages -            # i.e. no need to query again.            if len(page_results) + startv < self._pagesize:                break
            # If we got the whole page, but the next page is not interesting,            # break out early as well            if end == nextfirstid:                break        return res

class InAdvancePagedList(PagedList):    def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagecount, pagesize):        self._pagefunc = pagefunc        self._pagecount = pagecount        self._pagesize = pagesize
    def getslice(self, start=0, end=None):        res = []        start_page = start // self._pagesize        end_page = (            self._pagecount if end is None else (end // self._pagesize + 1))        skip_elems = start - start_page * self._pagesize        only_more = None if end is None else end - start        for pagenum in range(start_page, end_page):            page = list(self._pagefunc(pagenum))            if skip_elems:                page = page[skip_elems:]                skip_elems = None            if only_more is not None:                if len(page) < only_more:                    only_more -= len(page)                else:                    page = page[:only_more]                    res.extend(page)                    break            res.extend(page)        return res

def uppercase_escape(s):    unicode_escape = codecs.getdecoder('unicode_escape')    return re.sub(        r'\\U[0-9a-fA-F]{8}',        lambda m: unicode_escape(m.group(0))[0],        s)

def lowercase_escape(s):    unicode_escape = codecs.getdecoder('unicode_escape')    return re.sub(        r'\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4}',        lambda m: unicode_escape(m.group(0))[0],        s)

def escape_rfc3986(s):    """Escape non-ASCII characters as suggested by RFC 3986"""    if sys.version_info < (3, 0) and isinstance(s, compat_str):        s = s.encode('utf-8')    return compat_urllib_parse.quote(s, b"%/;:@&=+$,!~*'()?#[]")

def escape_url(url):    """Escape URL as suggested by RFC 3986"""    url_parsed = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)    return url_parsed._replace(        netloc=url_parsed.netloc.encode('idna').decode('ascii'),        path=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.path),        params=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.params),        query=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.query),        fragment=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.fragment)    ).geturl()

def read_batch_urls(batch_fd):    def fixup(url):        if not isinstance(url, compat_str):            url = url.decode('utf-8', 'replace')        BOM_UTF8 = '\xef\xbb\xbf'        if url.startswith(BOM_UTF8):            url = url[len(BOM_UTF8):]        url = url.strip()        if url.startswith(('#', ';', ']')):            return False        return url
    with contextlib.closing(batch_fd) as fd:        return [url for url in map(fixup, fd) if url]

def urlencode_postdata(*args, **kargs):    return compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(*args, **kargs).encode('ascii')

def update_url_query(url, query):    if not query:        return url    parsed_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(url)    qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_url.query)    qs.update(query)    return compat_urlparse.urlunparse(parsed_url._replace(        query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(qs, True)))

def update_Request(req, url=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}):    req_headers = req.headers.copy()    req_headers.update(headers)    req_data = data or req.data    req_url = update_url_query(url or req.get_full_url(), query)    req_get_method = req.get_method()    if req_get_method == 'HEAD':        req_type = HEADRequest    elif req_get_method == 'PUT':        req_type = PUTRequest    else:        req_type = compat_urllib_request.Request    new_req = req_type(        req_url, data=req_data, headers=req_headers,        origin_req_host=req.origin_req_host, unverifiable=req.unverifiable)    if hasattr(req, 'timeout'):        new_req.timeout = req.timeout    return new_req

def _multipart_encode_impl(data, boundary):    content_type = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % boundary
    out = b''    for k, v in data.items():        out += b'--' + boundary.encode('ascii') + b'\r\n'        if isinstance(k, compat_str):            k = k.encode('utf-8')        if isinstance(v, compat_str):            v = v.encode('utf-8')        # RFC 2047 requires non-ASCII field names to be encoded, while RFC 7578        # suggests sending UTF-8 directly. Firefox sends UTF-8, too        content = b'Content-Disposition: form-data; name="' + k + b'"\r\n\r\n' + v + b'\r\n'        if boundary.encode('ascii') in content:            raise ValueError('Boundary overlaps with data')        out += content
    out += b'--' + boundary.encode('ascii') + b'--\r\n'
    return out, content_type

def multipart_encode(data, boundary=None):    '''
    Encode a dict to RFC 7578-compliant form-data
    data:        A dict where keys and values can be either Unicode or bytes-like        objects.    boundary:        If specified a Unicode object, it's used as the boundary. Otherwise        a random boundary is generated.
    Reference: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7578    '''
    has_specified_boundary = boundary is not None
    while True:        if boundary is None:            boundary = '---------------' + str(random.randrange(0x0fffffff, 0xffffffff))
        try:            out, content_type = _multipart_encode_impl(data, boundary)            break        except ValueError:            if has_specified_boundary:                raise            boundary = None
    return out, content_type

def dict_get(d, key_or_keys, default=None, skip_false_values=True):    if isinstance(key_or_keys, (list, tuple)):        for key in key_or_keys:            if key not in d or d[key] is None or skip_false_values and not d[key]:                continue            return d[key]        return default    return d.get(key_or_keys, default)

def try_get(src, getter, expected_type=None):    if not isinstance(getter, (list, tuple)):        getter = [getter]    for get in getter:        try:            v = get(src)        except (AttributeError, KeyError, TypeError, IndexError):            pass        else:            if expected_type is None or isinstance(v, expected_type):                return v

def merge_dicts(*dicts):    merged = {}    for a_dict in dicts:        for k, v in a_dict.items():            if v is None:                continue            if (k not in merged                    or (isinstance(v, compat_str) and v                        and isinstance(merged[k], compat_str)                        and not merged[k])):                merged[k] = v    return merged

def encode_compat_str(string, encoding=preferredencoding(), errors='strict'):    return string if isinstance(string, compat_str) else compat_str(string, encoding, errors)

US_RATINGS = {    'G': 0,    'PG': 10,    'PG-13': 13,    'R': 16,    'NC': 18,}

TV_PARENTAL_GUIDELINES = {    'TV-Y': 0,    'TV-Y7': 7,    'TV-G': 0,    'TV-PG': 0,    'TV-14': 14,    'TV-MA': 17,}

def parse_age_limit(s):    if type(s) == int:        return s if 0 <= s <= 21 else None    if not isinstance(s, compat_basestring):        return None    m = re.match(r'^(?P<age>\d{1,2})\+?$', s)    if m:        return int(m.group('age'))    if s in US_RATINGS:        return US_RATINGS[s]    m = re.match(r'^TV[_-]?(%s)$' % '|'.join(k[3:] for k in TV_PARENTAL_GUIDELINES), s)    if m:        return TV_PARENTAL_GUIDELINES['TV-' + m.group(1)]    return None

def strip_jsonp(code):    return re.sub(        r'''(?sx)^
            (?:window\.)?(?P<func_name>[a-zA-Z0-9_.$]*)            (?:\s*&&\s*(?P=func_name))?            \s*\(\s*(?P<callback_data>.*)\);?            \s*?(?://[^\n]*)*$''',
        r'\g<callback_data>', code)

def js_to_json(code):    COMMENT_RE = r'/\*(?:(?!\*/).)*?\*/|//[^\n]*'    SKIP_RE = r'\s*(?:{comment})?\s*'.format(comment=COMMENT_RE)    INTEGER_TABLE = (        (r'(?s)^(0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+){skip}:?$'.format(skip=SKIP_RE), 16),        (r'(?s)^(0+[0-7]+){skip}:?$'.format(skip=SKIP_RE), 8),    )
    def fix_kv(m):        v = m.group(0)        if v in ('true', 'false', 'null'):            return v        elif v.startswith('/*') or v.startswith('//') or v == ',':            return ""
        if v[0] in ("'", '"'):            v = re.sub(r'(?s)\\.|"', lambda m: {                '"': '\\"',                "\\'": "'",                '\\\n': '',                '\\x': '\\u00',            }.get(m.group(0), m.group(0)), v[1:-1])
        for regex, base in INTEGER_TABLE:            im = re.match(regex, v)            if im:                i = int(im.group(1), base)                return '"%d":' % i if v.endswith(':') else '%d' % i
        return '"%s"' % v
    return re.sub(r'''(?sx)
        "(?:[^"\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nurtbfx/\n]))*[^"\\]*"|        '(?:[^'\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nurtbfx/\n]))*[^'\\]*'|        {comment}|,(?={skip}[\]}}])|        (?:(?<![0-9])[eE]|[a-df-zA-DF-Z_])[.a-zA-Z_0-9]*|        \b(?:0[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+|0+[0-7]+)(?:{skip}:)?|        [0-9]+(?={skip}:)        '''.format(comment=COMMENT_RE, skip=SKIP_RE), fix_kv, code)


def qualities(quality_ids):    """ Get a numeric quality value out of a list of possible values """    def q(qid):        try:            return quality_ids.index(qid)        except ValueError:            return -1    return q

DEFAULT_OUTTMPL = '%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s'

def limit_length(s, length):    """ Add ellipses to overly long strings """    if s is None:        return None    ELLIPSES = '...'    if len(s) > length:        return s[:length - len(ELLIPSES)] + ELLIPSES    return s

def version_tuple(v):    return tuple(int(e) for e in re.split(r'[-.]', v))

def is_outdated_version(version, limit, assume_new=True):    if not version:        return not assume_new    try:        return version_tuple(version) < version_tuple(limit)    except ValueError:        return not assume_new

def ytdl_is_updateable():    """ Returns if youtube-dl can be updated with -U """    from zipimport import zipimporter
    return isinstance(globals().get('__loader__'), zipimporter) or hasattr(sys, 'frozen')

def args_to_str(args):    # Get a short string representation for a subprocess command    return ' '.join(compat_shlex_quote(a) for a in args)

def error_to_compat_str(err):    err_str = str(err)    # On python 2 error byte string must be decoded with proper    # encoding rather than ascii    if sys.version_info[0] < 3:        err_str = err_str.decode(preferredencoding())    return err_str

def mimetype2ext(mt):    if mt is None:        return None
    ext = {        'audio/mp4': 'm4a',        # Per RFC 3003, audio/mpeg can be .mp1, .mp2 or .mp3. Here use .mp3 as        # it's the most popular one        'audio/mpeg': 'mp3',    }.get(mt)    if ext is not None:        return ext
    _, _, res = mt.rpartition('/')    res = res.split(';')[0].strip().lower()
    return {        '3gpp': '3gp',        'smptett+xml': 'tt',        'ttaf+xml': 'dfxp',        'ttml+xml': 'ttml',        'x-flv': 'flv',        'x-mp4-fragmented': 'mp4',        'x-ms-sami': 'sami',        'x-ms-wmv': 'wmv',        'mpegurl': 'm3u8',        'x-mpegurl': 'm3u8',        'vnd.apple.mpegurl': 'm3u8',        'dash+xml': 'mpd',        'f4m+xml': 'f4m',        'hds+xml': 'f4m',        'vnd.ms-sstr+xml': 'ism',        'quicktime': 'mov',        'mp2t': 'ts',    }.get(res, res)

def parse_codecs(codecs_str):    # http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6381    if not codecs_str:        return {}    splited_codecs = list(filter(None, map(        lambda str: str.strip(), codecs_str.strip().strip(',').split(','))))    vcodec, acodec = None, None    for full_codec in splited_codecs:        codec = full_codec.split('.')[0]        if codec in ('avc1', 'avc2', 'avc3', 'avc4', 'vp9', 'vp8', 'hev1', 'hev2', 'h263', 'h264', 'mp4v', 'hvc1', 'av01', 'theora'):            if not vcodec:                vcodec = full_codec        elif codec in ('mp4a', 'opus', 'vorbis', 'mp3', 'aac', 'ac-3', 'ec-3', 'eac3', 'dtsc', 'dtse', 'dtsh', 'dtsl'):            if not acodec:                acodec = full_codec        else:            write_string('WARNING: Unknown codec %s\n' % full_codec, sys.stderr)    if not vcodec and not acodec:        if len(splited_codecs) == 2:            return {                'vcodec': splited_codecs[0],                'acodec': splited_codecs[1],            }    else:        return {            'vcodec': vcodec or 'none',            'acodec': acodec or 'none',        }    return {}

def urlhandle_detect_ext(url_handle):    getheader = url_handle.headers.get
    cd = getheader('Content-Disposition')    if cd:        m = re.match(r'attachment;\s*filename="(?P<filename>[^"]+)"', cd)        if m:            e = determine_ext(m.group('filename'), default_ext=None)            if e:                return e
    return mimetype2ext(getheader('Content-Type'))

def encode_data_uri(data, mime_type):    return 'data:%s;base64,%s' % (mime_type, base64.b64encode(data).decode('ascii'))

def age_restricted(content_limit, age_limit):    """ Returns True iff the content should be blocked """
    if age_limit is None:  # No limit set        return False    if content_limit is None:        return False  # Content available for everyone    return age_limit < content_limit

def is_html(first_bytes):    """ Detect whether a file contains HTML by examining its first bytes. """
    BOMS = [        (b'\xef\xbb\xbf', 'utf-8'),        (b'\x00\x00\xfe\xff', 'utf-32-be'),        (b'\xff\xfe\x00\x00', 'utf-32-le'),        (b'\xff\xfe', 'utf-16-le'),        (b'\xfe\xff', 'utf-16-be'),    ]    for bom, enc in BOMS:        if first_bytes.startswith(bom):            s = first_bytes[len(bom):].decode(enc, 'replace')            break    else:        s = first_bytes.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
    return re.match(r'^\s*<', s)

def determine_protocol(info_dict):    protocol = info_dict.get('protocol')    if protocol is not None:        return protocol
    url = info_dict['url']    if url.startswith('rtmp'):        return 'rtmp'    elif url.startswith('mms'):        return 'mms'    elif url.startswith('rtsp'):        return 'rtsp'
    ext = determine_ext(url)    if ext == 'm3u8':        return 'm3u8'    elif ext == 'f4m':        return 'f4m'
    return compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url).scheme

def render_table(header_row, data):    """ Render a list of rows, each as a list of values """    table = [header_row] + data    max_lens = [max(len(compat_str(v)) for v in col) for col in zip(*table)]    format_str = ' '.join('%-' + compat_str(ml + 1) + 's' for ml in max_lens[:-1]) + '%s'    return '\n'.join(format_str % tuple(row) for row in table)

def _match_one(filter_part, dct):    COMPARISON_OPERATORS = {        '<': operator.lt,        '<=': operator.le,        '>': operator.gt,        '>=': operator.ge,        '=': operator.eq,        '!=': operator.ne,    }    operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*
        (?P<key>[a-z_]+)        \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*        (?:            (?P<intval>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)|            (?P<quote>["\'])(?P<quotedstrval>(?:\\.|(?!(?P=quote)|\\).)+?)(?P=quote)|            (?P<strval>(?![0-9.])[a-z0-9A-Z]*)        )        \s*$        ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, COMPARISON_OPERATORS.keys())))
    m = operator_rex.search(filter_part)    if m:        op = COMPARISON_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]        actual_value = dct.get(m.group('key'))        if (m.group('quotedstrval') is not None            or m.group('strval') is not None            # If the original field is a string and matching comparisonvalue is            # a number we should respect the origin of the original field            # and process comparison value as a string (see            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/11082).            or actual_value is not None and m.group('intval') is not None                and isinstance(actual_value, compat_str)):            if m.group('op') not in ('=', '!='):                raise ValueError(                    'Operator %s does not support string values!' % m.group('op'))            comparison_value = m.group('quotedstrval') or m.group('strval') or m.group('intval')            quote = m.group('quote')            if quote is not None:                comparison_value = comparison_value.replace(r'\%s' % quote, quote)        else:            try:                comparison_value = int(m.group('intval'))            except ValueError:                comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('intval'))                if comparison_value is None:                    comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('intval') + 'B')                if comparison_value is None:                    raise ValueError(                        'Invalid integer value %r in filter part %r' % (                            m.group('intval'), filter_part))        if actual_value is None:            return m.group('none_inclusive')        return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
    UNARY_OPERATORS = {        '': lambda v: (v is True) if isinstance(v, bool) else (v is not None),        '!': lambda v: (v is False) if isinstance(v, bool) else (v is None),    }    operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*
        (?P<op>%s)\s*(?P<key>[a-z_]+)        \s*$        ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, UNARY_OPERATORS.keys())))
    m = operator_rex.search(filter_part)    if m:        op = UNARY_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]        actual_value = dct.get(m.group('key'))        return op(actual_value)
    raise ValueError('Invalid filter part %r' % filter_part)

def match_str(filter_str, dct):    """ Filter a dictionary with a simple string syntax. Returns True (=passes filter) or false """
    return all(        _match_one(filter_part, dct) for filter_part in filter_str.split('&'))

def match_filter_func(filter_str):    def _match_func(info_dict):        if match_str(filter_str, info_dict):            return None        else:            video_title = info_dict.get('title', info_dict.get('id', 'video'))            return '%s does not pass filter %s, skipping ..' % (video_title, filter_str)    return _match_func

def parse_dfxp_time_expr(time_expr):    if not time_expr:        return
    mobj = re.match(r'^(?P<time_offset>\d+(?:\.\d+)?)s?$', time_expr)    if mobj:        return float(mobj.group('time_offset'))
    mobj = re.match(r'^(\d+):(\d\d):(\d\d(?:(?:\.|:)\d+)?)$', time_expr)    if mobj:        return 3600 * int(mobj.group(1)) + 60 * int(mobj.group(2)) + float(mobj.group(3).replace(':', '.'))

def srt_subtitles_timecode(seconds):    return '%02d:%02d:%02d,%03d' % (seconds / 3600, (seconds % 3600) / 60, seconds % 60, (seconds % 1) * 1000)

def dfxp2srt(dfxp_data):    '''
    @param dfxp_data A bytes-like object containing DFXP data    @returns A unicode object containing converted SRT data    '''
    LEGACY_NAMESPACES = (        (b'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml', [            b'http://www.w3.org/2004/11/ttaf1',            b'http://www.w3.org/2006/04/ttaf1',            b'http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1',        ]),        (b'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling', [            b'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#style',        ]),    )
    SUPPORTED_STYLING = [        'color',        'fontFamily',        'fontSize',        'fontStyle',        'fontWeight',        'textDecoration'    ]
    _x = functools.partial(xpath_with_ns, ns_map={        'xml': 'http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace',        'ttml': 'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml',        'tts': 'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling',    })
    styles = {}    default_style = {}
    class TTMLPElementParser(object):        _out = ''        _unclosed_elements = []        _applied_styles = []
        def start(self, tag, attrib):            if tag in (_x('ttml:br'), 'br'):                self._out += '\n'            else:                unclosed_elements = []                style = {}                element_style_id = attrib.get('style')                if default_style:                    style.update(default_style)                if element_style_id:                    style.update(styles.get(element_style_id, {}))                for prop in SUPPORTED_STYLING:                    prop_val = attrib.get(_x('tts:' + prop))                    if prop_val:                        style[prop] = prop_val                if style:                    font = ''                    for k, v in sorted(style.items()):                        if self._applied_styles and self._applied_styles[-1].get(k) == v:                            continue                        if k == 'color':                            font += ' color="%s"' % v                        elif k == 'fontSize':                            font += ' size="%s"' % v                        elif k == 'fontFamily':                            font += ' face="%s"' % v                        elif k == 'fontWeight' and v == 'bold':                            self._out += '<b>'                            unclosed_elements.append('b')                        elif k == 'fontStyle' and v == 'italic':                            self._out += '<i>'                            unclosed_elements.append('i')                        elif k == 'textDecoration' and v == 'underline':                            self._out += '<u>'                            unclosed_elements.append('u')                    if font:                        self._out += '<font' + font + '>'                        unclosed_elements.append('font')                    applied_style = {}                    if self._applied_styles:                        applied_style.update(self._applied_styles[-1])                    applied_style.update(style)                    self._applied_styles.append(applied_style)                self._unclosed_elements.append(unclosed_elements)
        def end(self, tag):            if tag not in (_x('ttml:br'), 'br'):                unclosed_elements = self._unclosed_elements.pop()                for element in reversed(unclosed_elements):                    self._out += '</%s>' % element                if unclosed_elements and self._applied_styles:                    self._applied_styles.pop()
        def data(self, data):            self._out += data
        def close(self):            return self._out.strip()
    def parse_node(node):        target = TTMLPElementParser()        parser = xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser(target=target)        parser.feed(xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring(node))        return parser.close()
    for k, v in LEGACY_NAMESPACES:        for ns in v:            dfxp_data = dfxp_data.replace(ns, k)
    dfxp = compat_etree_fromstring(dfxp_data)    out = []    paras = dfxp.findall(_x('.//ttml:p')) or dfxp.findall('.//p')
    if not paras:        raise ValueError('Invalid dfxp/TTML subtitle')
    repeat = False    while True:        for style in dfxp.findall(_x('.//ttml:style')):            style_id = style.get('id') or style.get(_x('xml:id'))            if not style_id:                continue            parent_style_id = style.get('style')            if parent_style_id:                if parent_style_id not in styles:                    repeat = True                    continue                styles[style_id] = styles[parent_style_id].copy()            for prop in SUPPORTED_STYLING:                prop_val = style.get(_x('tts:' + prop))                if prop_val:                    styles.setdefault(style_id, {})[prop] = prop_val        if repeat:            repeat = False        else:            break
    for p in ('body', 'div'):        ele = xpath_element(dfxp, [_x('.//ttml:' + p), './/' + p])        if ele is None:            continue        style = styles.get(ele.get('style'))        if not style:            continue        default_style.update(style)
    for para, index in zip(paras, itertools.count(1)):        begin_time = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('begin'))        end_time = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('end'))        dur = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('dur'))        if begin_time is None:            continue        if not end_time:            if not dur:                continue            end_time = begin_time + dur        out.append('%d\n%s --> %s\n%s\n\n' % (            index,            srt_subtitles_timecode(begin_time),            srt_subtitles_timecode(end_time),            parse_node(para)))
    return ''.join(out)

def cli_option(params, command_option, param):    param = params.get(param)    if param:        param = compat_str(param)    return [command_option, param] if param is not None else []

def cli_bool_option(params, command_option, param, true_value='true', false_value='false', separator=None):    param = params.get(param)    if param is None:        return []    assert isinstance(param, bool)    if separator:        return [command_option + separator + (true_value if param else false_value)]    return [command_option, true_value if param else false_value]

def cli_valueless_option(params, command_option, param, expected_value=True):    param = params.get(param)    return [command_option] if param == expected_value else []

def cli_configuration_args(params, param, default=[]):    ex_args = params.get(param)    if ex_args is None:        return default    assert isinstance(ex_args, list)    return ex_args

class ISO639Utils(object):    # See http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/ISO-639-2_utf-8.txt    _lang_map = {        'aa': 'aar',        'ab': 'abk',        'ae': 'ave',        'af': 'afr',        'ak': 'aka',        'am': 'amh',        'an': 'arg',        'ar': 'ara',        'as': 'asm',        'av': 'ava',        'ay': 'aym',        'az': 'aze',        'ba': 'bak',        'be': 'bel',        'bg': 'bul',        'bh': 'bih',        'bi': 'bis',        'bm': 'bam',        'bn': 'ben',        'bo': 'bod',        'br': 'bre',        'bs': 'bos',        'ca': 'cat',        'ce': 'che',        'ch': 'cha',        'co': 'cos',        'cr': 'cre',        'cs': 'ces',        'cu': 'chu',        'cv': 'chv',        'cy': 'cym',        'da': 'dan',        'de': 'deu',        'dv': 'div',        'dz': 'dzo',        'ee': 'ewe',        'el': 'ell',        'en': 'eng',        'eo': 'epo',        'es': 'spa',        'et': 'est',        'eu': 'eus',        'fa': 'fas',        'ff': 'ful',        'fi': 'fin',        'fj': 'fij',        'fo': 'fao',        'fr': 'fra',        'fy': 'fry',        'ga': 'gle',        'gd': 'gla',        'gl': 'glg',        'gn': 'grn',        'gu': 'guj',        'gv': 'glv',        'ha': 'hau',        'he': 'heb',        'iw': 'heb',  # Replaced by he in 1989 revision        'hi': 'hin',        'ho': 'hmo',        'hr': 'hrv',        'ht': 'hat',        'hu': 'hun',        'hy': 'hye',        'hz': 'her',        'ia': 'ina',        'id': 'ind',        'in': 'ind',  # Replaced by id in 1989 revision        'ie': 'ile',        'ig': 'ibo',        'ii': 'iii',        'ik': 'ipk',        'io': 'ido',        'is': 'isl',        'it': 'ita',        'iu': 'iku',        'ja': 'jpn',        'jv': 'jav',        'ka': 'kat',        'kg': 'kon',        'ki': 'kik',        'kj': 'kua',        'kk': 'kaz',        'kl': 'kal',        'km': 'khm',        'kn': 'kan',        'ko': 'kor',        'kr': 'kau',        'ks': 'kas',        'ku': 'kur',        'kv': 'kom',        'kw': 'cor',        'ky': 'kir',        'la': 'lat',        'lb': 'ltz',        'lg': 'lug',        'li': 'lim',        'ln': 'lin',        'lo': 'lao',        'lt': 'lit',        'lu': 'lub',        'lv': 'lav',        'mg': 'mlg',        'mh': 'mah',        'mi': 'mri',        'mk': 'mkd',        'ml': 'mal',        'mn': 'mon',        'mr': 'mar',        'ms': 'msa',        'mt': 'mlt',        'my': 'mya',        'na': 'nau',        'nb': 'nob',        'nd': 'nde',        'ne': 'nep',        'ng': 'ndo',        'nl': 'nld',        'nn': 'nno',        'no': 'nor',        'nr': 'nbl',        'nv': 'nav',        'ny': 'nya',        'oc': 'oci',        'oj': 'oji',        'om': 'orm',        'or': 'ori',        'os': 'oss',        'pa': 'pan',        'pi': 'pli',        'pl': 'pol',        'ps': 'pus',        'pt': 'por',        'qu': 'que',        'rm': 'roh',        'rn': 'run',        'ro': 'ron',        'ru': 'rus',        'rw': 'kin',        'sa': 'san',        'sc': 'srd',        'sd': 'snd',        'se': 'sme',        'sg': 'sag',        'si': 'sin',        'sk': 'slk',        'sl': 'slv',        'sm': 'smo',        'sn': 'sna',        'so': 'som',        'sq': 'sqi',        'sr': 'srp',        'ss': 'ssw',        'st': 'sot',        'su': 'sun',        'sv': 'swe',        'sw': 'swa',        'ta': 'tam',        'te': 'tel',        'tg': 'tgk',        'th': 'tha',        'ti': 'tir',        'tk': 'tuk',        'tl': 'tgl',        'tn': 'tsn',        'to': 'ton',        'tr': 'tur',        'ts': 'tso',        'tt': 'tat',        'tw': 'twi',        'ty': 'tah',        'ug': 'uig',        'uk': 'ukr',        'ur': 'urd',        'uz': 'uzb',        've': 'ven',        'vi': 'vie',        'vo': 'vol',        'wa': 'wln',        'wo': 'wol',        'xh': 'xho',        'yi': 'yid',        'ji': 'yid',  # Replaced by yi in 1989 revision        'yo': 'yor',        'za': 'zha',        'zh': 'zho',        'zu': 'zul',    }
    @classmethod    def short2long(cls, code):        """Convert language code from ISO 639-1 to ISO 639-2/T"""        return cls._lang_map.get(code[:2])
    @classmethod    def long2short(cls, code):        """Convert language code from ISO 639-2/T to ISO 639-1"""        for short_name, long_name in cls._lang_map.items():            if long_name == code:                return short_name

class ISO3166Utils(object):    # From http://data.okfn.org/data/core/country-list    _country_map = {        'AF': 'Afghanistan',        'AX': 'Åland Islands',        'AL': 'Albania',        'DZ': 'Algeria',        'AS': 'American Samoa',        'AD': 'Andorra',        'AO': 'Angola',        'AI': 'Anguilla',        'AQ': 'Antarctica',        'AG': 'Antigua and Barbuda',        'AR': 'Argentina',        'AM': 'Armenia',        'AW': 'Aruba',        'AU': 'Australia',        'AT': 'Austria',        'AZ': 'Azerbaijan',        'BS': 'Bahamas',        'BH': 'Bahrain',        'BD': 'Bangladesh',        'BB': 'Barbados',        'BY': 'Belarus',        'BE': 'Belgium',        'BZ': 'Belize',        'BJ': 'Benin',        'BM': 'Bermuda',        'BT': 'Bhutan',        'BO': 'Bolivia, Plurinational State of',        'BQ': 'Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba',        'BA': 'Bosnia and Herzegovina',        'BW': 'Botswana',        'BV': 'Bouvet Island',        'BR': 'Brazil',        'IO': 'British Indian Ocean Territory',        'BN': 'Brunei Darussalam',        'BG': 'Bulgaria',        'BF': 'Burkina Faso',        'BI': 'Burundi',        'KH': 'Cambodia',        'CM': 'Cameroon',        'CA': 'Canada',        'CV': 'Cape Verde',        'KY': 'Cayman Islands',        'CF': 'Central African Republic',        'TD': 'Chad',        'CL': 'Chile',        'CN': 'China',        'CX': 'Christmas Island',        'CC': 'Cocos (Keeling) Islands',        'CO': 'Colombia',        'KM': 'Comoros',        'CG': 'Congo',        'CD': 'Congo, the Democratic Republic of the',        'CK': 'Cook Islands',        'CR': 'Costa Rica',        'CI': 'Côte d\'Ivoire',        'HR': 'Croatia',        'CU': 'Cuba',        'CW': 'Curaçao',        'CY': 'Cyprus',        'CZ': 'Czech Republic',        'DK': 'Denmark',        'DJ': 'Djibouti',        'DM': 'Dominica',        'DO': 'Dominican Republic',        'EC': 'Ecuador',        'EG': 'Egypt',        'SV': 'El Salvador',        'GQ': 'Equatorial Guinea',        'ER': 'Eritrea',        'EE': 'Estonia',        'ET': 'Ethiopia',        'FK': 'Falkland Islands (Malvinas)',        'FO': 'Faroe Islands',        'FJ': 'Fiji',        'FI': 'Finland',        'FR': 'France',        'GF': 'French Guiana',        'PF': 'French Polynesia',        'TF': 'French Southern Territories',        'GA': 'Gabon',        'GM': 'Gambia',        'GE': 'Georgia',        'DE': 'Germany',        'GH': 'Ghana',        'GI': 'Gibraltar',        'GR': 'Greece',        'GL': 'Greenland',        'GD': 'Grenada',        'GP': 'Guadeloupe',        'GU': 'Guam',        'GT': 'Guatemala',        'GG': 'Guernsey',        'GN': 'Guinea',        'GW': 'Guinea-Bissau',        'GY': 'Guyana',        'HT': 'Haiti',        'HM': 'Heard Island and McDonald Islands',        'VA': 'Holy See (Vatican City State)',        'HN': 'Honduras',        'HK': 'Hong Kong',        'HU': 'Hungary',        'IS': 'Iceland',        'IN': 'India',        'ID': 'Indonesia',        'IR': 'Iran, Islamic Republic of',        'IQ': 'Iraq',        'IE': 'Ireland',        'IM': 'Isle of Man',        'IL': 'Israel',        'IT': 'Italy',        'JM': 'Jamaica',        'JP': 'Japan',        'JE': 'Jersey',        'JO': 'Jordan',        'KZ': 'Kazakhstan',        'KE': 'Kenya',        'KI': 'Kiribati',        'KP': 'Korea, Democratic People\'s Republic of',        'KR': 'Korea, Republic of',        'KW': 'Kuwait',        'KG': 'Kyrgyzstan',        'LA': 'Lao People\'s Democratic Republic',        'LV': 'Latvia',        'LB': 'Lebanon',        'LS': 'Lesotho',        'LR': 'Liberia',        'LY': 'Libya',        'LI': 'Liechtenstein',        'LT': 'Lithuania',        'LU': 'Luxembourg',        'MO': 'Macao',        'MK': 'Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of',        'MG': 'Madagascar',        'MW': 'Malawi',        'MY': 'Malaysia',        'MV': 'Maldives',        'ML': 'Mali',        'MT': 'Malta',        'MH': 'Marshall Islands',        'MQ': 'Martinique',        'MR': 'Mauritania',        'MU': 'Mauritius',        'YT': 'Mayotte',        'MX': 'Mexico',        'FM': 'Micronesia, Federated States of',        'MD': 'Moldova, Republic of',        'MC': 'Monaco',        'MN': 'Mongolia',        'ME': 'Montenegro',        'MS': 'Montserrat',        'MA': 'Morocco',        'MZ': 'Mozambique',        'MM': 'Myanmar',        'NA': 'Namibia',        'NR': 'Nauru',        'NP': 'Nepal',        'NL': 'Netherlands',        'NC': 'New Caledonia',        'NZ': 'New Zealand',        'NI': 'Nicaragua',        'NE': 'Niger',        'NG': 'Nigeria',        'NU': 'Niue',        'NF': 'Norfolk Island',        'MP': 'Northern Mariana Islands',        'NO': 'Norway',        'OM': 'Oman',        'PK': 'Pakistan',        'PW': 'Palau',        'PS': 'Palestine, State of',        'PA': 'Panama',        'PG': 'Papua New Guinea',        'PY': 'Paraguay',        'PE': 'Peru',        'PH': 'Philippines',        'PN': 'Pitcairn',        'PL': 'Poland',        'PT': 'Portugal',        'PR': 'Puerto Rico',        'QA': 'Qatar',        'RE': 'Réunion',        'RO': 'Romania',        'RU': 'Russian Federation',        'RW': 'Rwanda',        'BL': 'Saint Barthélemy',        'SH': 'Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha',        'KN': 'Saint Kitts and Nevis',        'LC': 'Saint Lucia',        'MF': 'Saint Martin (French part)',        'PM': 'Saint Pierre and Miquelon',        'VC': 'Saint Vincent and the Grenadines',        'WS': 'Samoa',        'SM': 'San Marino',        'ST': 'Sao Tome and Principe',        'SA': 'Saudi Arabia',        'SN': 'Senegal',        'RS': 'Serbia',        'SC': 'Seychelles',        'SL': 'Sierra Leone',        'SG': 'Singapore',        'SX': 'Sint Maarten (Dutch part)',        'SK': 'Slovakia',        'SI': 'Slovenia',        'SB': 'Solomon Islands',        'SO': 'Somalia',        'ZA': 'South Africa',        'GS': 'South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands',        'SS': 'South Sudan',        'ES': 'Spain',        'LK': 'Sri Lanka',        'SD': 'Sudan',        'SR': 'Suriname',        'SJ': 'Svalbard and Jan Mayen',        'SZ': 'Swaziland',        'SE': 'Sweden',        'CH': 'Switzerland',        'SY': 'Syrian Arab Republic',        'TW': 'Taiwan, Province of China',        'TJ': 'Tajikistan',        'TZ': 'Tanzania, United Republic of',        'TH': 'Thailand',        'TL': 'Timor-Leste',        'TG': 'Togo',        'TK': 'Tokelau',        'TO': 'Tonga',        'TT': 'Trinidad and Tobago',        'TN': 'Tunisia',        'TR': 'Turkey',        'TM': 'Turkmenistan',        'TC': 'Turks and Caicos Islands',        'TV': 'Tuvalu',        'UG': 'Uganda',        'UA': 'Ukraine',        'AE': 'United Arab Emirates',        'GB': 'United Kingdom',        'US': 'United States',        'UM': 'United States Minor Outlying Islands',        'UY': 'Uruguay',        'UZ': 'Uzbekistan',        'VU': 'Vanuatu',        'VE': 'Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of',        'VN': 'Viet Nam',        'VG': 'Virgin Islands, British',        'VI': 'Virgin Islands, U.S.',        'WF': 'Wallis and Futuna',        'EH': 'Western Sahara',        'YE': 'Yemen',        'ZM': 'Zambia',        'ZW': 'Zimbabwe',    }
    @classmethod    def short2full(cls, code):        """Convert an ISO 3166-2 country code to the corresponding full name"""        return cls._country_map.get(code.upper())

class GeoUtils(object):    # Major IPv4 address blocks per country    _country_ip_map = {        'AD': '46.172.224.0/19',        'AE': '94.200.0.0/13',        'AF': '149.54.0.0/17',        'AG': '209.59.64.0/18',        'AI': '204.14.248.0/21',        'AL': '46.99.0.0/16',        'AM': '46.70.0.0/15',        'AO': '105.168.0.0/13',        'AP': '182.50.184.0/21',        'AQ': '23.154.160.0/24',        'AR': '181.0.0.0/12',        'AS': '202.70.112.0/20',        'AT': '77.116.0.0/14',        'AU': '1.128.0.0/11',        'AW': '181.41.0.0/18',        'AX': '185.217.4.0/22',        'AZ': '5.197.0.0/16',        'BA': '31.176.128.0/17',        'BB': '65.48.128.0/17',        'BD': '114.130.0.0/16',        'BE': '57.0.0.0/8',        'BF': '102.178.0.0/15',        'BG': '95.42.0.0/15',        'BH': '37.131.0.0/17',        'BI': '154.117.192.0/18',        'BJ': '137.255.0.0/16',        'BL': '185.212.72.0/23',        'BM': '196.12.64.0/18',        'BN': '156.31.0.0/16',        'BO': '161.56.0.0/16',        'BQ': '161.0.80.0/20',        'BR': '191.128.0.0/12',        'BS': '24.51.64.0/18',        'BT': '119.2.96.0/19',        'BW': '168.167.0.0/16',        'BY': '178.120.0.0/13',        'BZ': '179.42.192.0/18',        'CA': '99.224.0.0/11',        'CD': '41.243.0.0/16',        'CF': '197.242.176.0/21',        'CG': '160.113.0.0/16',        'CH': '85.0.0.0/13',        'CI': '102.136.0.0/14',        'CK': '202.65.32.0/19',        'CL': '152.172.0.0/14',        'CM': '102.244.0.0/14',        'CN': '36.128.0.0/10',        'CO': '181.240.0.0/12',        'CR': '201.192.0.0/12',        'CU': '152.206.0.0/15',        'CV': '165.90.96.0/19',        'CW': '190.88.128.0/17',        'CY': '31.153.0.0/16',        'CZ': '88.100.0.0/14',        'DE': '53.0.0.0/8',        'DJ': '197.241.0.0/17',        'DK': '87.48.0.0/12',        'DM': '192.243.48.0/20',        'DO': '152.166.0.0/15',        'DZ': '41.96.0.0/12',        'EC': '186.68.0.0/15',        'EE': '90.190.0.0/15',        'EG': '156.160.0.0/11',        'ER': '196.200.96.0/20',        'ES': '88.0.0.0/11',        'ET': '196.188.0.0/14',        'EU': '2.16.0.0/13',        'FI': '91.152.0.0/13',        'FJ': '144.120.0.0/16',        'FK': '80.73.208.0/21',        'FM': '119.252.112.0/20',        'FO': '88.85.32.0/19',        'FR': '90.0.0.0/9',        'GA': '41.158.0.0/15',        'GB': '25.0.0.0/8',        'GD': '74.122.88.0/21',        'GE': '31.146.0.0/16',        'GF': '161.22.64.0/18',        'GG': '62.68.160.0/19',        'GH': '154.160.0.0/12',        'GI': '95.164.0.0/16',        'GL': '88.83.0.0/19',        'GM': '160.182.0.0/15',        'GN': '197.149.192.0/18',        'GP': '104.250.0.0/19',        'GQ': '105.235.224.0/20',        'GR': '94.64.0.0/13',        'GT': '168.234.0.0/16',        'GU': '168.123.0.0/16',        'GW': '197.214.80.0/20',        'GY': '181.41.64.0/18',        'HK': '113.252.0.0/14',        'HN': '181.210.0.0/16',        'HR': '93.136.0.0/13',        'HT': '148.102.128.0/17',        'HU': '84.0.0.0/14',        'ID': '39.192.0.0/10',        'IE': '87.32.0.0/12',        'IL': '79.176.0.0/13',        'IM': '5.62.80.0/20',        'IN': '117.192.0.0/10',        'IO': '203.83.48.0/21',        'IQ': '37.236.0.0/14',        'IR': '2.176.0.0/12',        'IS': '82.221.0.0/16',        'IT': '79.0.0.0/10',        'JE': '87.244.64.0/18',        'JM': '72.27.0.0/17',        'JO': '176.29.0.0/16',        'JP': '133.0.0.0/8',        'KE': '105.48.0.0/12',        'KG': '158.181.128.0/17',        'KH': '36.37.128.0/17',        'KI': '103.25.140.0/22',        'KM': '197.255.224.0/20',        'KN': '198.167.192.0/19',        'KP': '175.45.176.0/22',        'KR': '175.192.0.0/10',        'KW': '37.36.0.0/14',        'KY': '64.96.0.0/15',        'KZ': '2.72.0.0/13',        'LA': '115.84.64.0/18',        'LB': '178.135.0.0/16',        'LC': '24.92.144.0/20',        'LI': '82.117.0.0/19',        'LK': '112.134.0.0/15',        'LR': '102.183.0.0/16',        'LS': '129.232.0.0/17',        'LT': '78.56.0.0/13',        'LU': '188.42.0.0/16',        'LV': '46.109.0.0/16',        'LY': '41.252.0.0/14',        'MA': '105.128.0.0/11',        'MC': '88.209.64.0/18',        'MD': '37.246.0.0/16',        'ME': '178.175.0.0/17',        'MF': '74.112.232.0/21',        'MG': '154.126.0.0/17',        'MH': '117.103.88.0/21',        'MK': '77.28.0.0/15',        'ML': '154.118.128.0/18',        'MM': '37.111.0.0/17',        'MN': '49.0.128.0/17',        'MO': '60.246.0.0/16',        'MP': '202.88.64.0/20',        'MQ': '109.203.224.0/19',        'MR': '41.188.64.0/18',        'MS': '208.90.112.0/22',        'MT': '46.11.0.0/16',        'MU': '105.16.0.0/12',        'MV': '27.114.128.0/18',        'MW': '102.70.0.0/15',        'MX': '187.192.0.0/11',        'MY': '175.136.0.0/13',        'MZ': '197.218.0.0/15',        'NA': '41.182.0.0/16',        'NC': '101.101.0.0/18',        'NE': '197.214.0.0/18',        'NF': '203.17.240.0/22',        'NG': '105.112.0.0/12',        'NI': '186.76.0.0/15',        'NL': '145.96.0.0/11',        'NO': '84.208.0.0/13',        'NP': '36.252.0.0/15',        'NR': '203.98.224.0/19',        'NU': '49.156.48.0/22',        'NZ': '49.224.0.0/14',        'OM': '5.36.0.0/15',        'PA': '186.72.0.0/15',        'PE': '186.160.0.0/14',        'PF': '123.50.64.0/18',        'PG': '124.240.192.0/19',        'PH': '49.144.0.0/13',        'PK': '39.32.0.0/11',        'PL': '83.0.0.0/11',        'PM': '70.36.0.0/20',        'PR': '66.50.0.0/16',        'PS': '188.161.0.0/16',        'PT': '85.240.0.0/13',        'PW': '202.124.224.0/20',        'PY': '181.120.0.0/14',        'QA': '37.210.0.0/15',        'RE': '102.35.0.0/16',        'RO': '79.112.0.0/13',        'RS': '93.86.0.0/15',        'RU': '5.136.0.0/13',        'RW': '41.186.0.0/16',        'SA': '188.48.0.0/13',        'SB': '202.1.160.0/19',        'SC': '154.192.0.0/11',        'SD': '102.120.0.0/13',        'SE': '78.64.0.0/12',        'SG': '8.128.0.0/10',        'SI': '188.196.0.0/14',        'SK': '78.98.0.0/15',        'SL': '102.143.0.0/17',        'SM': '89.186.32.0/19',        'SN': '41.82.0.0/15',        'SO': '154.115.192.0/18',        'SR': '186.179.128.0/17',        'SS': '105.235.208.0/21',        'ST': '197.159.160.0/19',        'SV': '168.243.0.0/16',        'SX': '190.102.0.0/20',        'SY': '5.0.0.0/16',        'SZ': '41.84.224.0/19',        'TC': '65.255.48.0/20',        'TD': '154.68.128.0/19',        'TG': '196.168.0.0/14',        'TH': '171.96.0.0/13',        'TJ': '85.9.128.0/18',        'TK': '27.96.24.0/21',        'TL': '180.189.160.0/20',        'TM': '95.85.96.0/19',        'TN': '197.0.0.0/11',        'TO': '175.176.144.0/21',        'TR': '78.160.0.0/11',        'TT': '186.44.0.0/15',        'TV': '202.2.96.0/19',        'TW': '120.96.0.0/11',        'TZ': '156.156.0.0/14',        'UA': '37.52.0.0/14',        'UG': '102.80.0.0/13',        'US': '6.0.0.0/8',        'UY': '167.56.0.0/13',        'UZ': '84.54.64.0/18',        'VA': '212.77.0.0/19',        'VC': '207.191.240.0/21',        'VE': '186.88.0.0/13',        'VG': '66.81.192.0/20',        'VI': '146.226.0.0/16',        'VN': '14.160.0.0/11',        'VU': '202.80.32.0/20',        'WF': '117.20.32.0/21',        'WS': '202.4.32.0/19',        'YE': '134.35.0.0/16',        'YT': '41.242.116.0/22',        'ZA': '41.0.0.0/11',        'ZM': '102.144.0.0/13',        'ZW': '102.177.192.0/18',    }
    @classmethod    def random_ipv4(cls, code_or_block):        if len(code_or_block) == 2:            block = cls._country_ip_map.get(code_or_block.upper())            if not block:                return None        else:            block = code_or_block        addr, preflen = block.split('/')        addr_min = compat_struct_unpack('!L', socket.inet_aton(addr))[0]        addr_max = addr_min | (0xffffffff >> int(preflen))        return compat_str(socket.inet_ntoa(            compat_struct_pack('!L', random.randint(addr_min, addr_max))))

class PerRequestProxyHandler(compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler):    def __init__(self, proxies=None):        # Set default handlers        for type in ('http', 'https'):            setattr(self, '%s_open' % type,                    lambda r, proxy='__noproxy__', type=type, meth=self.proxy_open:                        meth(r, proxy, type))        compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler.__init__(self, proxies)
    def proxy_open(self, req, proxy, type):        req_proxy = req.headers.get('Ytdl-request-proxy')        if req_proxy is not None:            proxy = req_proxy            del req.headers['Ytdl-request-proxy']
        if proxy == '__noproxy__':            return None  # No Proxy        if compat_urlparse.urlparse(proxy).scheme.lower() in ('socks', 'socks4', 'socks4a', 'socks5'):            req.add_header('Ytdl-socks-proxy', proxy)            # youtube-dl's http/https handlers do wrapping the socket with socks            return None        return compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler.proxy_open(            self, req, proxy, type)

# Both long_to_bytes and bytes_to_long are adapted from PyCrypto, which is# released into Public Domain# https://github.com/dlitz/pycrypto/blob/master/lib/Crypto/Util/number.py#L387
def long_to_bytes(n, blocksize=0):    """long_to_bytes(n:long, blocksize:int) : string
    Convert a long integer to a byte string.
    If optional blocksize is given and greater than zero, pad the front of the    byte string with binary zeros so that the length is a multiple of    blocksize.    """
    # after much testing, this algorithm was deemed to be the fastest    s = b''    n = int(n)    while n > 0:        s = compat_struct_pack('>I', n & 0xffffffff) + s        n = n >> 32    # strip off leading zeros    for i in range(len(s)):        if s[i] != b'\000'[0]:            break    else:        # only happens when n == 0        s = b'\000'        i = 0    s = s[i:]    # add back some pad bytes.  this could be done more efficiently w.r.t. the    # de-padding being done above, but sigh...    if blocksize > 0 and len(s) % blocksize:        s = (blocksize - len(s) % blocksize) * b'\000' + s    return s

def bytes_to_long(s):    """bytes_to_long(string) : long
    Convert a byte string to a long integer.
    This is (essentially) the inverse of long_to_bytes().    """
    acc = 0    length = len(s)    if length % 4:        extra = (4 - length % 4)        s = b'\000' * extra + s        length = length + extra    for i in range(0, length, 4):        acc = (acc << 32) + compat_struct_unpack('>I', s[i:i + 4])[0]    return acc

def ohdave_rsa_encrypt(data, exponent, modulus):    '''
    Implement OHDave's RSA algorithm. See http://www.ohdave.com/rsa/
    Input:        data: data to encrypt, bytes-like object        exponent, modulus: parameter e and N of RSA algorithm, both integer    Output: hex string of encrypted data
    Limitation: supports one block encryption only    '''

    payload = int(binascii.hexlify(data[::-1]), 16)    encrypted = pow(payload, exponent, modulus)    return '%x' % encrypted

def pkcs1pad(data, length):    """
    Padding input data with PKCS#1 scheme
    @param {int[]} data        input data    @param {int}   length      target length    @returns {int[]}           padded data    """
    if len(data) > length - 11:        raise ValueError('Input data too long for PKCS#1 padding')
    pseudo_random = [random.randint(0, 254) for _ in range(length - len(data) - 3)]    return [0, 2] + pseudo_random + [0] + data

def encode_base_n(num, n, table=None):    FULL_TABLE = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'    if not table:        table = FULL_TABLE[:n]
    if n > len(table):        raise ValueError('base %d exceeds table length %d' % (n, len(table)))
    if num == 0:        return table[0]
    ret = ''    while num:        ret = table[num % n] + ret        num = num // n    return ret

def decode_packed_codes(code):    mobj = re.search(PACKED_CODES_RE, code)    obfucasted_code, base, count, symbols = mobj.groups()    base = int(base)    count = int(count)    symbols = symbols.split('|')    symbol_table = {}
    while count:        count -= 1        base_n_count = encode_base_n(count, base)        symbol_table[base_n_count] = symbols[count] or base_n_count
    return re.sub(        r'\b(\w+)\b', lambda mobj: symbol_table[mobj.group(0)],        obfucasted_code)

def parse_m3u8_attributes(attrib):    info = {}    for (key, val) in re.findall(r'(?P<key>[A-Z0-9-]+)=(?P<val>"[^"]+"|[^",]+)(?:,|$)', attrib):        if val.startswith('"'):            val = val[1:-1]        info[key] = val    return info

def urshift(val, n):    return val >> n if val >= 0 else (val + 0x100000000) >> n

# Based on png2str() written by @gdkchan and improved by @yokrysty# Originally posted at https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/9706def decode_png(png_data):    # Reference: https://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/    header = png_data[8:]
    if png_data[:8] != b'\x89PNG\x0d\x0a\x1a\x0a' or header[4:8] != b'IHDR':        raise IOError('Not a valid PNG file.')
    int_map = {1: '>B', 2: '>H', 4: '>I'}    unpack_integer = lambda x: compat_struct_unpack(int_map[len(x)], x)[0]
    chunks = []
    while header:        length = unpack_integer(header[:4])        header = header[4:]
        chunk_type = header[:4]        header = header[4:]
        chunk_data = header[:length]        header = header[length:]
        header = header[4:]  # Skip CRC
        chunks.append({            'type': chunk_type,            'length': length,            'data': chunk_data        })
    ihdr = chunks[0]['data']
    width = unpack_integer(ihdr[:4])    height = unpack_integer(ihdr[4:8])
    idat = b''
    for chunk in chunks:        if chunk['type'] == b'IDAT':            idat += chunk['data']
    if not idat:        raise IOError('Unable to read PNG data.')
    decompressed_data = bytearray(zlib.decompress(idat))
    stride = width * 3    pixels = []
    def _get_pixel(idx):        x = idx % stride        y = idx // stride        return pixels[y][x]
    for y in range(height):        basePos = y * (1 + stride)        filter_type = decompressed_data[basePos]
        current_row = []
        pixels.append(current_row)
        for x in range(stride):            color = decompressed_data[1 + basePos + x]            basex = y * stride + x            left = 0            up = 0
            if x > 2:                left = _get_pixel(basex - 3)            if y > 0:                up = _get_pixel(basex - stride)
            if filter_type == 1:  # Sub                color = (color + left) & 0xff            elif filter_type == 2:  # Up                color = (color + up) & 0xff            elif filter_type == 3:  # Average                color = (color + ((left + up) >> 1)) & 0xff            elif filter_type == 4:  # Paeth                a = left                b = up                c = 0
                if x > 2 and y > 0:                    c = _get_pixel(basex - stride - 3)
                p = a + b - c
                pa = abs(p - a)                pb = abs(p - b)                pc = abs(p - c)
                if pa <= pb and pa <= pc:                    color = (color + a) & 0xff                elif pb <= pc:                    color = (color + b) & 0xff                else:                    color = (color + c) & 0xff
            current_row.append(color)
    return width, height, pixels

def write_xattr(path, key, value):    # This mess below finds the best xattr tool for the job    try:        # try the pyxattr module...        import xattr
        if hasattr(xattr, 'set'):  # pyxattr            # Unicode arguments are not supported in python-pyxattr until            # version 0.5.0            # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/5498            pyxattr_required_version = '0.5.0'            if version_tuple(xattr.__version__) < version_tuple(pyxattr_required_version):                # TODO: fallback to CLI tools                raise XAttrUnavailableError(                    'python-pyxattr is detected but is too old. '                    'youtube-dl requires %s or above while your version is %s. '                    'Falling back to other xattr implementations' % (                        pyxattr_required_version, xattr.__version__))
            setxattr = xattr.set        else:  # xattr            setxattr = xattr.setxattr
        try:            setxattr(path, key, value)        except EnvironmentError as e:            raise XAttrMetadataError(e.errno, e.strerror)
    except ImportError:        if compat_os_name == 'nt':            # Write xattrs to NTFS Alternate Data Streams:            # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS#Alternate_data_streams_.28ADS.29            assert ':' not in key            assert os.path.exists(path)
            ads_fn = path + ':' + key            try:                with open(ads_fn, 'wb') as f:                    f.write(value)            except EnvironmentError as e:                raise XAttrMetadataError(e.errno, e.strerror)        else:            user_has_setfattr = check_executable('setfattr', ['--version'])            user_has_xattr = check_executable('xattr', ['-h'])
            if user_has_setfattr or user_has_xattr:
                value = value.decode('utf-8')                if user_has_setfattr:                    executable = 'setfattr'                    opts = ['-n', key, '-v', value]                elif user_has_xattr:                    executable = 'xattr'                    opts = ['-w', key, value]
                cmd = ([encodeFilename(executable, True)]                       + [encodeArgument(o) for o in opts]                       + [encodeFilename(path, True)])
                try:                    p = subprocess.Popen(                        cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)                except EnvironmentError as e:                    raise XAttrMetadataError(e.errno, e.strerror)                stdout, stderr = p.communicate()                stderr = stderr.decode('utf-8', 'replace')                if p.returncode != 0:                    raise XAttrMetadataError(p.returncode, stderr)
            else:                # On Unix, and can't find pyxattr, setfattr, or xattr.                if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):                    raise XAttrUnavailableError(                        "Couldn't find a tool to set the xattrs. "                        "Install either the python 'pyxattr' or 'xattr' "                        "modules, or the GNU 'attr' package "                        "(which contains the 'setfattr' tool).")                else:                    raise XAttrUnavailableError(                        "Couldn't find a tool to set the xattrs. "                        "Install either the python 'xattr' module, "                        "or the 'xattr' binary.")

def random_birthday(year_field, month_field, day_field):    start_date = datetime.date(1950, 1, 1)    end_date = datetime.date(1995, 12, 31)    offset = random.randint(0, (end_date - start_date).days)    random_date = start_date + datetime.timedelta(offset)    return {        year_field: str(random_date.year),        month_field: str(random_date.month),        day_field: str(random_date.day),    }