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224 lines
9.1 KiB
224 lines
9.1 KiB
// Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
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// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
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// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
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// Package sha3 implements the SHA3 hash algorithm (formerly called Keccak) chosen by NIST in 2012.
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// This file provides a SHA3 implementation which implements the standard hash.Hash interface.
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// Writing input data, including padding, and reading output data are computed in this file.
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// Note that the current implementation can compute the hash of an integral number of bytes only.
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// This is a consequence of the hash interface in which a buffer of bytes is passed in.
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// The internals of the Keccak-f function are computed in keccakf.go.
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// For the detailed specification, refer to the Keccak web site (http://keccak.noekeon.org/).
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package sha3
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import (
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"encoding/binary"
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"hash"
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)
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// laneSize is the size in bytes of each "lane" of the internal state of SHA3 (5 * 5 * 8).
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// Note that changing this size would requires using a type other than uint64 to store each lane.
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const laneSize = 8
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// sliceSize represents the dimensions of the internal state, a square matrix of
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// sliceSize ** 2 lanes. This is the size of both the "rows" and "columns" dimensions in the
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// terminology of the SHA3 specification.
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const sliceSize = 5
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// numLanes represents the total number of lanes in the state.
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const numLanes = sliceSize * sliceSize
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// stateSize is the size in bytes of the internal state of SHA3 (5 * 5 * WSize).
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const stateSize = laneSize * numLanes
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// digest represents the partial evaluation of a checksum.
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// Note that capacity, and not outputSize, is the critical security parameter, as SHA3 can output
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// an arbitrary number of bytes for any given capacity. The Keccak proposal recommends that
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// capacity = 2*outputSize to ensure that finding a collision of size outputSize requires
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// O(2^{outputSize/2}) computations (the birthday lower bound). Future standards may modify the
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// capacity/outputSize ratio to allow for more output with lower cryptographic security.
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type digest struct {
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a [numLanes]uint64 // main state of the hash
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b [numLanes]uint64 // intermediate states
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c [sliceSize]uint64 // intermediate states
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d [sliceSize]uint64 // intermediate states
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outputSize int // desired output size in bytes
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capacity int // number of bytes to leave untouched during squeeze/absorb
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absorbed int // number of bytes absorbed thus far
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}
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// minInt returns the lesser of two integer arguments, to simplify the absorption routine.
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func minInt(v1, v2 int) int {
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if v1 <= v2 {
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return v1
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}
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return v2
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}
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// rate returns the number of bytes of the internal state which can be absorbed or squeezed
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// in between calls to the permutation function.
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func (d *digest) rate() int {
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return stateSize - d.capacity
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}
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// Reset clears the internal state by zeroing bytes in the state buffer.
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// This can be skipped for a newly-created hash state; the default zero-allocated state is correct.
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func (d *digest) Reset() {
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d.absorbed = 0
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for i := range d.a {
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d.a[i] = 0
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}
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}
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// BlockSize, required by the hash.Hash interface, does not have a standard intepretation
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// for a sponge-based construction like SHA3. We return the data rate: the number of bytes which
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// can be absorbed per invocation of the permutation function. For Merkle-Damgård based hashes
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// (ie SHA1, SHA2, MD5) the output size of the internal compression function is returned.
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// We consider this to be roughly equivalent because it represents the number of bytes of output
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// produced per cryptographic operation.
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func (d *digest) BlockSize() int { return d.rate() }
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// Size returns the output size of the hash function in bytes.
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func (d *digest) Size() int {
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return d.outputSize
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}
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// unalignedAbsorb is a helper function for Write, which absorbs data that isn't aligned with an
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// 8-byte lane. This requires shifting the individual bytes into position in a uint64.
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func (d *digest) unalignedAbsorb(p []byte) {
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var t uint64
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for i := len(p) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
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t <<= 8
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t |= uint64(p[i])
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}
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offset := (d.absorbed) % d.rate()
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t <<= 8 * uint(offset%laneSize)
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d.a[offset/laneSize] ^= t
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d.absorbed += len(p)
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}
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// Write "absorbs" bytes into the state of the SHA3 hash, updating as needed when the sponge
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// "fills up" with rate() bytes. Since lanes are stored internally as type uint64, this requires
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// converting the incoming bytes into uint64s using a little endian interpretation. This
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// implementation is optimized for large, aligned writes of multiples of 8 bytes (laneSize).
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// Non-aligned or uneven numbers of bytes require shifting and are slower.
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func (d *digest) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
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// An initial offset is needed if the we aren't absorbing to the first lane initially.
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offset := d.absorbed % d.rate()
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toWrite := len(p)
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// The first lane may need to absorb unaligned and/or incomplete data.
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if (offset%laneSize != 0 || len(p) < 8) && len(p) > 0 {
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toAbsorb := minInt(laneSize-(offset%laneSize), len(p))
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d.unalignedAbsorb(p[:toAbsorb])
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p = p[toAbsorb:]
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offset = (d.absorbed) % d.rate()
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// For every rate() bytes absorbed, the state must be permuted via the F Function.
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if (d.absorbed)%d.rate() == 0 {
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d.keccakF()
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}
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}
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// This loop should absorb the bulk of the data into full, aligned lanes.
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// It will call the update function as necessary.
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for len(p) > 7 {
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firstLane := offset / laneSize
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lastLane := minInt(d.rate()/laneSize, firstLane+len(p)/laneSize)
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// This inner loop absorbs input bytes into the state in groups of 8, converted to uint64s.
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for lane := firstLane; lane < lastLane; lane++ {
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d.a[lane] ^= binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(p[:laneSize])
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p = p[laneSize:]
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}
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d.absorbed += (lastLane - firstLane) * laneSize
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// For every rate() bytes absorbed, the state must be permuted via the F Function.
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if (d.absorbed)%d.rate() == 0 {
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d.keccakF()
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}
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offset = 0
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}
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// If there are insufficient bytes to fill the final lane, an unaligned absorption.
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// This should always start at a correct lane boundary though, or else it would be caught
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// by the uneven opening lane case above.
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if len(p) > 0 {
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d.unalignedAbsorb(p)
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}
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return toWrite, nil
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}
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// pad computes the SHA3 padding scheme based on the number of bytes absorbed.
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// The padding is a 1 bit, followed by an arbitrary number of 0s and then a final 1 bit, such that
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// the input bits plus padding bits are a multiple of rate(). Adding the padding simply requires
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// xoring an opening and closing bit into the appropriate lanes.
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func (d *digest) pad() {
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offset := d.absorbed % d.rate()
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// The opening pad bit must be shifted into position based on the number of bytes absorbed
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padOpenLane := offset / laneSize
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d.a[padOpenLane] ^= 0x0000000000000001 << uint(8*(offset%laneSize))
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// The closing padding bit is always in the last position
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padCloseLane := (d.rate() / laneSize) - 1
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d.a[padCloseLane] ^= 0x8000000000000000
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}
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// finalize prepares the hash to output data by padding and one final permutation of the state.
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func (d *digest) finalize() {
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d.pad()
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d.keccakF()
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}
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// squeeze outputs an arbitrary number of bytes from the hash state.
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// Squeezing can require multiple calls to the F function (one per rate() bytes squeezed),
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// although this is not the case for standard SHA3 parameters. This implementation only supports
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// squeezing a single time, subsequent squeezes may lose alignment. Future implementations
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// may wish to support multiple squeeze calls, for example to support use as a PRNG.
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func (d *digest) squeeze(in []byte, toSqueeze int) []byte {
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// Because we read in blocks of laneSize, we need enough room to read
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// an integral number of lanes
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needed := toSqueeze + (laneSize-toSqueeze%laneSize)%laneSize
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if cap(in)-len(in) < needed {
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newIn := make([]byte, len(in), len(in)+needed)
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copy(newIn, in)
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in = newIn
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}
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out := in[len(in) : len(in)+needed]
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for len(out) > 0 {
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for i := 0; i < d.rate() && len(out) > 0; i += laneSize {
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binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(out[:], d.a[i/laneSize])
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out = out[laneSize:]
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}
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if len(out) > 0 {
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d.keccakF()
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}
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}
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return in[:len(in)+toSqueeze] // Re-slice in case we wrote extra data.
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}
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// Sum applies padding to the hash state and then squeezes out the desired nubmer of output bytes.
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func (d *digest) Sum(in []byte) []byte {
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// Make a copy of the original hash so that caller can keep writing and summing.
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dup := *d
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dup.finalize()
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return dup.squeeze(in, dup.outputSize)
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}
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// The NewKeccakX constructors enable initializing a hash in any of the four recommend sizes
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// from the Keccak specification, all of which set capacity=2*outputSize. Note that the final
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// NIST standard for SHA3 may specify different input/output lengths.
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// The output size is indicated in bits but converted into bytes internally.
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func NewKeccak224() hash.Hash { return &digest{outputSize: 224 / 8, capacity: 2 * 224 / 8} }
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func NewKeccak256() hash.Hash { return &digest{outputSize: 256 / 8, capacity: 2 * 256 / 8} }
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func NewKeccak384() hash.Hash { return &digest{outputSize: 384 / 8, capacity: 2 * 384 / 8} }
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func NewKeccak512() hash.Hash { return &digest{outputSize: 512 / 8, capacity: 2 * 512 / 8} }
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func Sha3(data ...[]byte) []byte {
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d := NewKeccak256()
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for _, b := range data {
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d.Write(b)
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}
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return d.Sum(nil)
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}
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