* types: memoize height/round in commit instead of first vote

* types: commit.ValidateBasic in VerifyCommit

* types: new CommitSig alias for Vote

In preparation for reducing the redundancy in Commits, we introduce the
CommitSig as an alias for Vote. This is non-breaking on the protocol,
and minor breaking on the Go API, as Commit now contains a list of
CommitSig instead of Vote.

* remove dependence on ToVote

* update some comments

* fix tests

* fix tests

* fixes from review

As per conversation here: https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/3218#discussion_r251364041

This is the result of running the following code on the repo:

```bash
find . -name '*.go' | grep -v 'vendor/' | xargs -n 1 goimports -w
```

fix halting issue

privval: remove GetAddress(), memoize pubkey

* upadtes in grpc Marshal and unmarshal

* update comments

* add proposer info to EventCompleteProposal

* create separate EventData structure for CompleteProposal

* cant us rs.Proposal to get BlockID because it is not guaranteed to be set yet

* copying RoundState isnt helping us here

* add Step back to make compatible with original RoundState event. update changelog

* add NewRound event

* fix test

* remove unneeded RoundState

* put height round step into a struct

* pull out ValidatorInfo struct. add ensureProposal assert

* remove height-round-state sub-struct refactor

* minor fixes from review

* validate reactor messages

Refs #2683

* validate blockchain messages

Refs #2683

* validate evidence messages

Refs #2683

* todo

* check ProposalPOL and signature sizes

* add a changelog entry

* check addr is valid when we add it to the addrbook

* validate incoming netAddr (not just nil check!)

* fixes after Bucky's review

* check timestamps

* beef up block#ValidateBasic

* move some checks into bcBlockResponseMessage

* update Gopkg.lock

Fix

```
grouped write of manifest, lock and vendor: failed to export github.com/tendermint/go-amino: fatal: failed to unpack tree object 6dcc6ddc14
```

by running `dep ensure -update`

* bump year since now we check it

* generate test/p2p/data on the fly using tendermint testnet

* allow sync chains older than 1 year

* use full path when creating a testnet

* move testnet gen to test/docker/Dockerfile

* relax LastCommitRound check

Refs #2737

* fix conflicts after merge

* add small comment

* some ValidateBasic updates

* fixes

* AppHash length is not fixed

* Align Proposal message with spec

* Update spec

* WIP: switching to fixed offsets for SignBytes

* add version field to sign bytes and update order

* more comments on test-cases and add a tc with a chainID

* remove amino:"write_empty" tag

- it doesn't affect if default fixed size fields ((u)int64) are
written or not
- add comment about int->int64 casting

* update CHANGELOG_PENDING

* update documentation

* add back link to issue #1622 in documentation

* remove JSON tags and add (failing test-case)

* fix failing test

* update test-vectors due to added `Type` field

* change Type field from string to byte and add new type alias

- SignedMsgType replaces VoteTypePrevote, VoteTypePrecommit and adds new
ProposalType to separate votes from proposal when signed

- update test-vectors

* fix remains from rebasing

* use SignMessageType instead of byte everywhere

* fixes from review

Closes #2525

* remove some XXX

* config: remove Mempool.RecheckEmpty

* docs: remove recheck_empty

* Implement BFT time

* set LastValidators when creating state in state helper

for heights >= 2

* crypto: Remove unnecessary ed25519 and secp256k1 prefixes from amino routes.

* (squash this) add changelog

* (squash this) multisig amino fixes

* (squash this) fix build error

* libs: Remove usage of custom Fmt, in favor of fmt.Sprintf

Closes #2193

* Fix bug that was masked by custom Fmt!

Signatures are now []byte, which saves on the number of bytes after
amino encoding

(squash this) address Ismail's comment

Currently the top level directory contains basically all of the code
for the crypto package. This PR moves the crypto code into submodules
in a similar manner to what `golang/x/crypto` does. This improves code
organization.

Ref discussion: https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/1966

Closes #1956

make BlockMeta Header a non-pointer

Refs #693

This reverts commit 58d0c8de89.

This reverts commit d02c5d1e30.

This reverts commit 96a3502

Refs https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/1446#discussion_r180353446

Closes #1442

```
WARNING: DATA RACE
Write at 0x00c4209de7c8 by goroutine 23:
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types.(*Block).fillHeader()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types/block.go:88 +0x157
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types.(*Block).Hash()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types/block.go:104 +0x121
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types.(*Block).HashesTo()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types/block.go:135 +0x4f
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus.(*ConsensusState).enterPrecommit()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus/state.go:1037 +0x182d
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus.(*ConsensusState).addVote()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus/state.go:1425 +0x1a6c
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus.(*ConsensusState).tryAddVote()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus/state.go:1318 +0x77
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus.(*ConsensusState).handleMsg()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus/state.go:581 +0x7a9
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus.(*ConsensusState).receiveRoutine()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus/state.go:539 +0x6c3

Previous read at 0x00c4209de7c8 by goroutine 47:
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/common.(*HexBytes).MarshalJSON()
      <autogenerated>:1 +0x52
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.invokeMarshalJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:433 +0x88
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec)._encodeReflectJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:82 +0x8d2
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec).encodeReflectJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:50 +0x10e
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec).encodeReflectJSONStruct()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:348 +0x539
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec)._encodeReflectJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:119 +0x83f
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec).encodeReflectJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:50 +0x10e
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec).encodeReflectJSONStruct()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:348 +0x539
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec)._encodeReflectJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:119 +0x83f
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec).encodeReflectJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:50 +0x10e
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec).encodeReflectJSONStruct()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:348 +0x539
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec)._encodeReflectJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:119 +0x83f
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec).encodeReflectJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:50 +0x10e
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec).encodeReflectJSONStruct()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:348 +0x539
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec)._encodeReflectJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:119 +0x83f
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec).encodeReflectJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/json-encode.go:50 +0x10e
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino.(*Codec).MarshalJSON()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/go-amino/amino.go:296 +0x182
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/lib/types.NewRPCSuccessResponse()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/lib/types/types.go:100 +0x12c
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/lib/server.makeJSONRPCHandler.func1()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/lib/server/handlers.go:152 +0xab7
  net/http.HandlerFunc.ServeHTTP()
      /usr/lib/go-1.9/src/net/http/server.go:1918 +0x51
  net/http.(*ServeMux).ServeHTTP()
      /usr/lib/go-1.9/src/net/http/server.go:2254 +0xa2
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/lib/server.RecoverAndLogHandler.func1()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/lib/server/http_server.go:138 +0x4fa
  net/http.HandlerFunc.ServeHTTP()
      /usr/lib/go-1.9/src/net/http/server.go:1918 +0x51
  net/http.serverHandler.ServeHTTP()
      /usr/lib/go-1.9/src/net/http/server.go:2619 +0xbc
  net/http.(*conn).serve()
      /usr/lib/go-1.9/src/net/http/server.go:1801 +0x83b

Goroutine 23 (running) created at:
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus.(*ConsensusState).OnStart()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus/state.go:250 +0x35b
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/common.(*BaseService).Start()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/common/service.go:130 +0x5fc
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus.(*ConsensusReactor).OnStart()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus/reactor.go:69 +0x1b4
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/common.(*BaseService).Start()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/common/service.go:130 +0x5fc
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus.(*ConsensusReactor).Start()
      <autogenerated>:1 +0x43
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/p2p.(*Switch).OnStart()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/p2p/switch.go:177 +0x124
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/common.(*BaseService).Start()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/common/service.go:130 +0x5fc
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/node.(*Node).OnStart()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/node/node.go:416 +0xa1b
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/common.(*BaseService).Start()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/vendor/github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/common/service.go:130 +0x5fc
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/test.StartTendermint()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/test/helpers.go:100 +0x5b
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/client_test.TestMain()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/client/main_test.go:17 +0x4c
  main.main()
      github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/client/_test/_testmain.go:76 +0x1cd

Goroutine 47 (running) created at:
  net/http.(*Server).Serve()
      /usr/lib/go-1.9/src/net/http/server.go:2720 +0x37c
  net/http.Serve()
      /usr/lib/go-1.9/src/net/http/server.go:2323 +0xe2
  github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/lib/server.StartHTTPServer.func1()
      /home/vagrant/go/src/github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/lib/server/http_server.go:35 +0xb3
```

uint64 is considered dangerous. the details will follow in a blog post.