* make BlockTimeIota a consensus parameter, not a locally configurable option

Refs #2920

* make TimeIota int64 ms

Refs #2920

* update Gopkg.toml

* fixes after Ethan's review

* fix TestRemoteSignerProposalSigningFailed

* update changelog

* types.NewCommit

* use types.NewCommit everywhere

* fix log in unsafe_reset

* memoize height and round in constructor

* notes about deprecating toVote

* bring back memoizeHeightRound

* types: memoize height/round in commit instead of first vote

* types: commit.ValidateBasic in VerifyCommit

* types: new CommitSig alias for Vote

In preparation for reducing the redundancy in Commits, we introduce the
CommitSig as an alias for Vote. This is non-breaking on the protocol,
and minor breaking on the Go API, as Commit now contains a list of
CommitSig instead of Vote.

* remove dependence on ToVote

* update some comments

* fix tests

* fix tests

* fixes from review

* base verifier: bc->bv and check chainid

* improve some comments

* comments in dynamic verifier

* fix comment in doc about BaseVerifier

It requires the validator set to perfectly match.

* failing test for #2862

* move errTooMuchChange to types. fixes #2862

* changelog, comments

* ic -> dv

* update comment, link to issue

* consensus: createProposalBlock function

* blockExecutor.CreateProposalBlock

- factored out of consensus pkg into a method on blockExec
- new private interfaces for mempool ("txNotifier") and evpool with one function each
- consensus tests still require more mempool methods

* failing test for CreateProposalBlock

* Fix bug in include evidece into block

* evidence: change maxBytes to maxSize

* MaxEvidencePerBlock

- changed to return both the max number and the max bytes
- preparation for #2590

* changelog

* fix linter

* Fix from review

Co-Authored-By: ebuchman <ethan@coinculture.info>

* Consistent order fields of Timestamp/BlockID fields in CanonicalVote and
CanonicalProposal

* update spec too

* Introduce and use IsZero & IsComplete:
 - update IsZero method according to spec and introduce IsComplete
 - use methods in validate basic to validate: proposals come with a
 "complete" blockId and votes are either complete or empty
 - update spec: BlockID.IsNil() -> BlockID.IsZero() and fix typo

* BlockID comes first

* fix tests

* upadtes in grpc Marshal and unmarshal

* update comments

* fix amino overhead computation for Tx:

- also count the fieldnum / typ3
- add method to compute overhead per Tx
- slightly clarify comment on MaxAminoOverheadForBlock
- add tests

* fix TestReapMaxBytesMaxGas according to amino overhead

* fix TestMempoolFilters according to amino overhead

* address review comments:

 - add a note about fieldNum = 1
 - add forgotten godoc comment

* fix and use sm.TxPreCheck

* fix test

* remove print statement

* validate reactor messages

Refs #2683

* validate blockchain messages

Refs #2683

* validate evidence messages

Refs #2683

* todo

* check ProposalPOL and signature sizes

* add a changelog entry

* check addr is valid when we add it to the addrbook

* validate incoming netAddr (not just nil check!)

* fixes after Bucky's review

* check timestamps

* beef up block#ValidateBasic

* move some checks into bcBlockResponseMessage

* update Gopkg.lock

Fix

```
grouped write of manifest, lock and vendor: failed to export github.com/tendermint/go-amino: fatal: failed to unpack tree object 6dcc6ddc14
```

by running `dep ensure -update`

* bump year since now we check it

* generate test/p2p/data on the fly using tendermint testnet

* allow sync chains older than 1 year

* use full path when creating a testnet

* move testnet gen to test/docker/Dockerfile

* relax LastCommitRound check

Refs #2737

* fix conflicts after merge

* add small comment

* some ValidateBasic updates

* fixes

* AppHash length is not fixed

* tmhash is fully 32 bytes. closes #1990

* AddressSize

* fix tests

* fix max sizes

* WIP: update to amino 0.14.0

* update Changelog

* Update to latest amino version (v0.14.0)

* catch up with amino changes in
https://github.com/tendermint/go-amino/pull/222

* WIP: update to amino v0.13.0

* update to fixed amino release

* types: test tm2pm on fully populated header

* upgrade for amino v0.13.0-rc0

* fix lint

* comment out final test

* types: dont use SimpleHashFromMap for header. closes #1841

* changelog and spec

* comments

* types: add Version to Header

* abci: add Version to Header

* state: add Version to State

* node: check software and state protocol versions match

* update changelog

* docs/spec: update for versions

* state: more tests

* remove TODOs

* remove empty test

This is a performance regression, but will also spare the types directory
from knowing about RFC 6962, which is a more correct abstraction. For txs
this performance hit will be fixed soon with #2603. For evidence, the
performance impact is negligible due to it being capped at a small number.

* WIP: switching to fixed offsets for SignBytes

* add version field to sign bytes and update order

* more comments on test-cases and add a tc with a chainID

* remove amino:"write_empty" tag

- it doesn't affect if default fixed size fields ((u)int64) are
written or not
- add comment about int->int64 casting

* update CHANGELOG_PENDING

* update documentation

* add back link to issue #1622 in documentation

* remove JSON tags and add (failing test-case)

* fix failing test

* update test-vectors due to added `Type` field

* change Type field from string to byte and add new type alias

- SignedMsgType replaces VoteTypePrevote, VoteTypePrecommit and adds new
ProposalType to separate votes from proposal when signed

- update test-vectors

* fix remains from rebasing

* use SignMessageType instead of byte everywhere

* fixes from review

* require block.Time of the fist block to be genesis time

Refs #2587:

```
We only start validating block.Time when Height > 1, because there is no
commit to compute the median timestamp from for the first block. This
means a faulty proposer could make the first block with whatever time
they want.

Instead, we should require the timestamp of block 1 to match the genesis
time.

I discovered this while refactoring the ValidateBlock tests to be
table-driven while working on tests for #2560.
```

* do not accept blocks with negative height

* update changelog and spec

* nanos precision for test genesis time

* Fix failing test (#2607)

* crypto/merkle: Remove byter in favor of plain byte slices

This PR is fully backwards compatible in terms of function output!
(The Go API differs though) The only test case changes was to refactor
it to be table driven.

* Update godocs per review comments

* first commit

finalize rebase

add protoc_merkle to Makefile

* in progress

* fix kvstore

* fix tests

* remove iavl dependency

* fix tx_test

* fix test_abci_cli

fix test_apps

* fix test_apps

* fix test_cover

* rm rebase residue

* address comment in progress

* finalize rebase

* follow up to removing some consensus params Refs #2382
* change args type to int64 in state#makeParams
* make valsCount and evidenceCount ints again
* MaxEvidenceBytesPerBlock: include magic number in godoc
* [spec] creating a proposal
* test state#TxFilter
* panic if MaxDataBytes is less than 0
* fixes after review
* use amino#UvarintSize to calculate overhead
0c74291f3b/encoder.go (L85-L90)
* avoid cyclic imports
* you can do better Go, come on
* remove testdouble package

* remove ConsensusParams.TxSize and ConsensusParams.BlockGossip

Refs #2347

* block part size is now fixed

Refs #2347

* use max data size, not max bytes for tx limit

Refs #2347

* ReapMaxTxs: return all txs if max is negative

this mirrors ReapMaxBytes behavior

See https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/2184#discussion_r214439950

* increase MaxAminoOverheadForBlock

tested with:

```
func TestMaxAminoOverheadForBlock(t *testing.T) {

        maxChainID := ""
        for i := 0; i < MaxChainIDLen; i++ {
                maxChainID += "𠜎"
        }

        h := Header{
                ChainID:            maxChainID,
                Height:             10,
                Time:               time.Now().UTC(),
                NumTxs:             100,
                TotalTxs:           200,
                LastBlockID:        makeBlockID(make([]byte, 20), 300, make([]byte, 20)),
                LastCommitHash:     tmhash.Sum([]byte("last_commit_hash")),
                DataHash:           tmhash.Sum([]byte("data_hash")),
                ValidatorsHash:     tmhash.Sum([]byte("validators_hash")),
                NextValidatorsHash: tmhash.Sum([]byte("next_validators_hash")),
                ConsensusHash:      tmhash.Sum([]byte("consensus_hash")),
                AppHash:            tmhash.Sum([]byte("app_hash")),
                LastResultsHash:    tmhash.Sum([]byte("last_results_hash")),
                EvidenceHash:       tmhash.Sum([]byte("evidence_hash")),
                ProposerAddress:    tmhash.Sum([]byte("proposer_address")),
        }
        b := Block{
                Header:     h,
                Data:       Data{Txs: makeTxs(10000, 100)},
                Evidence:   EvidenceData{},
                LastCommit: &Commit{},
        }

        bz, err := cdc.MarshalBinary(b)
        require.NoError(t, err)

        assert.Equal(t, MaxHeaderBytes+MaxAminoOverheadForBlock-2, len(bz)-1000000-20000-1)
}
```

* fix MaxYYY constants calculation

by using math.MaxInt64

See https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/2184#discussion_r214444244

* pass mempool filter as an option

See https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/2184#discussion_r214445869

* fixes after Dev's comments

* Implement BFT time

* set LastValidators when creating state in state helper

for heights >= 2

See ADR 020: Limiting txs size inside a block docs/architecture/adr-020-block-size.md

Refs #2035

Now that Tendermint Amino will be compatible with proto3, the Header in ABCI
should exactly match the Tendermint header - they will then be encoded
identically in ABCI and in Tendermint Core.

Refs #265

Refs #1134

Validation:

- ignored in block.ValidateBasic since it's stateful information
- checked in blockExec.ValidateBlock

Currently the top level directory contains basically all of the code
for the crypto package. This PR moves the crypto code into submodules
in a similar manner to what `golang/x/crypto` does. This improves code
organization.

Ref discussion: https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/pull/1966

Closes #1956

make BlockMeta Header a non-pointer

Refs #693

Refs #693

This reverts commit d02c5d1e30.

Closes #1799

Also, fix consensus liveness issue.

This reverts commit 96a3502