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  1. youtube-dl - download videos from youtube.com or other video platforms
  2. - [INSTALLATION](#installation)
  3. - [DESCRIPTION](#description)
  4. - [OPTIONS](#options)
  5. - [CONFIGURATION](#configuration)
  6. - [OUTPUT TEMPLATE](#output-template)
  7. - [FORMAT SELECTION](#format-selection)
  8. - [VIDEO SELECTION](#video-selection)
  9. - [FAQ](#faq)
  10. - [DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS](#developer-instructions)
  11. - [EMBEDDING YOUTUBE-DL](#embedding-youtube-dl)
  12. - [BUGS](#bugs)
  13. - [COPYRIGHT](#copyright)
  14. # INSTALLATION
  15. To install it right away for all UNIX users (Linux, OS X, etc.), type:
  16. sudo curl https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
  17. sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
  18. If you do not have curl, you can alternatively use a recent wget:
  19. sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
  20. sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
  21. Windows users can [download a .exe file](https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl.exe) and place it in their home directory or any other location on their [PATH](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PATH_%28variable%29).
  22. OS X users can install **youtube-dl** with [Homebrew](http://brew.sh/).
  23. brew install youtube-dl
  24. You can also use pip:
  25. sudo pip install youtube-dl
  26. Alternatively, refer to the [developer instructions](#developer-instructions) for how to check out and work with the git repository. For further options, including PGP signatures, see the [youtube-dl Download Page](https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html).
  27. # DESCRIPTION
  28. **youtube-dl** is a small command-line program to download videos from
  29. YouTube.com and a few more sites. It requires the Python interpreter, version
  30. 2.6, 2.7, or 3.2+, and it is not platform specific. It should work on
  31. your Unix box, on Windows or on Mac OS X. It is released to the public domain,
  32. which means you can modify it, redistribute it or use it however you like.
  33. youtube-dl [OPTIONS] URL [URL...]
  34. # OPTIONS
  35. -h, --help Print this help text and exit
  36. --version Print program version and exit
  37. -U, --update Update this program to latest version. Make
  38. sure that you have sufficient permissions
  39. (run with sudo if needed)
  40. -i, --ignore-errors Continue on download errors, for example to
  41. skip unavailable videos in a playlist
  42. --abort-on-error Abort downloading of further videos (in the
  43. playlist or the command line) if an error
  44. occurs
  45. --dump-user-agent Display the current browser identification
  46. --list-extractors List all supported extractors
  47. --extractor-descriptions Output descriptions of all supported
  48. extractors
  49. --force-generic-extractor Force extraction to use the generic
  50. extractor
  51. --default-search PREFIX Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For
  52. example "gvsearch2:" downloads two videos
  53. from google videos for youtube-dl "large
  54. apple". Use the value "auto" to let
  55. youtube-dl guess ("auto_warning" to emit a
  56. warning when guessing). "error" just throws
  57. an error. The default value "fixup_error"
  58. repairs broken URLs, but emits an error if
  59. this is not possible instead of searching.
  60. --ignore-config Do not read configuration files. When given
  61. in the global configuration file /etc
  62. /youtube-dl.conf: Do not read the user
  63. configuration in ~/.config/youtube-
  64. dl/config (%APPDATA%/youtube-dl/config.txt
  65. on Windows)
  66. --flat-playlist Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
  67. only list them.
  68. --mark-watched Mark videos watched (YouTube only)
  69. --no-mark-watched Do not mark videos watched (YouTube only)
  70. --no-color Do not emit color codes in output
  71. ## Network Options:
  72. --proxy URL Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS proxy. Pass in
  73. an empty string (--proxy "") for direct
  74. connection
  75. --socket-timeout SECONDS Time to wait before giving up, in seconds
  76. --source-address IP Client-side IP address to bind to
  77. (experimental)
  78. -4, --force-ipv4 Make all connections via IPv4
  79. (experimental)
  80. -6, --force-ipv6 Make all connections via IPv6
  81. (experimental)
  82. --cn-verification-proxy URL Use this proxy to verify the IP address for
  83. some Chinese sites. The default proxy
  84. specified by --proxy (or none, if the
  85. options is not present) is used for the
  86. actual downloading. (experimental)
  87. ## Video Selection:
  88. --playlist-start NUMBER Playlist video to start at (default is 1)
  89. --playlist-end NUMBER Playlist video to end at (default is last)
  90. --playlist-items ITEM_SPEC Playlist video items to download. Specify
  91. indices of the videos in the playlist
  92. separated by commas like: "--playlist-items
  93. 1,2,5,8" if you want to download videos
  94. indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can
  95. specify range: "--playlist-items
  96. 1-3,7,10-13", it will download the videos
  97. at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13.
  98. --match-title REGEX Download only matching titles (regex or
  99. caseless sub-string)
  100. --reject-title REGEX Skip download for matching titles (regex or
  101. caseless sub-string)
  102. --max-downloads NUMBER Abort after downloading NUMBER files
  103. --min-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos smaller than
  104. SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
  105. --max-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos larger than SIZE
  106. (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
  107. --date DATE Download only videos uploaded in this date
  108. --datebefore DATE Download only videos uploaded on or before
  109. this date (i.e. inclusive)
  110. --dateafter DATE Download only videos uploaded on or after
  111. this date (i.e. inclusive)
  112. --min-views COUNT Do not download any videos with less than
  113. COUNT views
  114. --max-views COUNT Do not download any videos with more than
  115. COUNT views
  116. --match-filter FILTER Generic video filter (experimental).
  117. Specify any key (see help for -o for a list
  118. of available keys) to match if the key is
  119. present, !key to check if the key is not
  120. present,key > NUMBER (like "comment_count >
  121. 12", also works with >=, <, <=, !=, =) to
  122. compare against a number, and & to require
  123. multiple matches. Values which are not
  124. known are excluded unless you put a
  125. question mark (?) after the operator.For
  126. example, to only match videos that have
  127. been liked more than 100 times and disliked
  128. less than 50 times (or the dislike
  129. functionality is not available at the given
  130. service), but who also have a description,
  131. use --match-filter "like_count > 100 &
  132. dislike_count <? 50 & description" .
  133. --no-playlist Download only the video, if the URL refers
  134. to a video and a playlist.
  135. --yes-playlist Download the playlist, if the URL refers to
  136. a video and a playlist.
  137. --age-limit YEARS Download only videos suitable for the given
  138. age
  139. --download-archive FILE Download only videos not listed in the
  140. archive file. Record the IDs of all
  141. downloaded videos in it.
  142. --include-ads Download advertisements as well
  143. (experimental)
  144. ## Download Options:
  145. -r, --rate-limit LIMIT Maximum download rate in bytes per second
  146. (e.g. 50K or 4.2M)
  147. -R, --retries RETRIES Number of retries (default is 10), or
  148. "infinite".
  149. --buffer-size SIZE Size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K)
  150. (default is 1024)
  151. --no-resize-buffer Do not automatically adjust the buffer
  152. size. By default, the buffer size is
  153. automatically resized from an initial value
  154. of SIZE.
  155. --playlist-reverse Download playlist videos in reverse order
  156. --xattr-set-filesize Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with
  157. expected filesize (experimental)
  158. --hls-prefer-native Use the native HLS downloader instead of
  159. ffmpeg (experimental)
  160. --hls-use-mpegts Use the mpegts container for HLS videos,
  161. allowing to play the video while
  162. downloading (some players may not be able
  163. to play it)
  164. --external-downloader COMMAND Use the specified external downloader.
  165. Currently supports
  166. aria2c,axel,curl,httpie,wget
  167. --external-downloader-args ARGS Give these arguments to the external
  168. downloader
  169. ## Filesystem Options:
  170. -a, --batch-file FILE File containing URLs to download ('-' for
  171. stdin)
  172. --id Use only video ID in file name
  173. -o, --output TEMPLATE Output filename template. Use %(title)s to
  174. get the title, %(uploader)s for the
  175. uploader name, %(uploader_id)s for the
  176. uploader nickname if different,
  177. %(autonumber)s to get an automatically
  178. incremented number, %(ext)s for the
  179. filename extension, %(format)s for the
  180. format description (like "22 - 1280x720" or
  181. "HD"), %(format_id)s for the unique id of
  182. the format (like YouTube's itags: "137"),
  183. %(upload_date)s for the upload date
  184. (YYYYMMDD), %(extractor)s for the provider
  185. (youtube, metacafe, etc), %(id)s for the
  186. video id, %(playlist_title)s,
  187. %(playlist_id)s, or %(playlist)s (=title if
  188. present, ID otherwise) for the playlist the
  189. video is in, %(playlist_index)s for the
  190. position in the playlist. %(height)s and
  191. %(width)s for the width and height of the
  192. video format. %(resolution)s for a textual
  193. description of the resolution of the video
  194. format. %% for a literal percent. Use - to
  195. output to stdout. Can also be used to
  196. download to a different directory, for
  197. example with -o '/my/downloads/%(uploader)s
  198. /%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s' .
  199. --autonumber-size NUMBER Specify the number of digits in
  200. %(autonumber)s when it is present in output
  201. filename template or --auto-number option
  202. is given
  203. --restrict-filenames Restrict filenames to only ASCII
  204. characters, and avoid "&" and spaces in
  205. filenames
  206. -A, --auto-number [deprecated; use -o
  207. "%(autonumber)s-%(title)s.%(ext)s" ] Number
  208. downloaded files starting from 00000
  209. -t, --title [deprecated] Use title in file name
  210. (default)
  211. -l, --literal [deprecated] Alias of --title
  212. -w, --no-overwrites Do not overwrite files
  213. -c, --continue Force resume of partially downloaded files.
  214. By default, youtube-dl will resume
  215. downloads if possible.
  216. --no-continue Do not resume partially downloaded files
  217. (restart from beginning)
  218. --no-part Do not use .part files - write directly
  219. into output file
  220. --no-mtime Do not use the Last-modified header to set
  221. the file modification time
  222. --write-description Write video description to a .description
  223. file
  224. --write-info-json Write video metadata to a .info.json file
  225. --write-annotations Write video annotations to a
  226. .annotations.xml file
  227. --load-info FILE JSON file containing the video information
  228. (created with the "--write-info-json"
  229. option)
  230. --cookies FILE File to read cookies from and dump cookie
  231. jar in
  232. --cache-dir DIR Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl
  233. can store some downloaded information
  234. permanently. By default $XDG_CACHE_HOME
  235. /youtube-dl or ~/.cache/youtube-dl . At the
  236. moment, only YouTube player files (for
  237. videos with obfuscated signatures) are
  238. cached, but that may change.
  239. --no-cache-dir Disable filesystem caching
  240. --rm-cache-dir Delete all filesystem cache files
  241. ## Thumbnail images:
  242. --write-thumbnail Write thumbnail image to disk
  243. --write-all-thumbnails Write all thumbnail image formats to disk
  244. --list-thumbnails Simulate and list all available thumbnail
  245. formats
  246. ## Verbosity / Simulation Options:
  247. -q, --quiet Activate quiet mode
  248. --no-warnings Ignore warnings
  249. -s, --simulate Do not download the video and do not write
  250. anything to disk
  251. --skip-download Do not download the video
  252. -g, --get-url Simulate, quiet but print URL
  253. -e, --get-title Simulate, quiet but print title
  254. --get-id Simulate, quiet but print id
  255. --get-thumbnail Simulate, quiet but print thumbnail URL
  256. --get-description Simulate, quiet but print video description
  257. --get-duration Simulate, quiet but print video length
  258. --get-filename Simulate, quiet but print output filename
  259. --get-format Simulate, quiet but print output format
  260. -j, --dump-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information.
  261. See --output for a description of available
  262. keys.
  263. -J, --dump-single-json Simulate, quiet but print JSON information
  264. for each command-line argument. If the URL
  265. refers to a playlist, dump the whole
  266. playlist information in a single line.
  267. --print-json Be quiet and print the video information as
  268. JSON (video is still being downloaded).
  269. --newline Output progress bar as new lines
  270. --no-progress Do not print progress bar
  271. --console-title Display progress in console titlebar
  272. -v, --verbose Print various debugging information
  273. --dump-pages Print downloaded pages encoded using base64
  274. to debug problems (very verbose)
  275. --write-pages Write downloaded intermediary pages to
  276. files in the current directory to debug
  277. problems
  278. --print-traffic Display sent and read HTTP traffic
  279. -C, --call-home Contact the youtube-dl server for debugging
  280. --no-call-home Do NOT contact the youtube-dl server for
  281. debugging
  282. ## Workarounds:
  283. --encoding ENCODING Force the specified encoding (experimental)
  284. --no-check-certificate Suppress HTTPS certificate validation
  285. --prefer-insecure Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve
  286. information about the video. (Currently
  287. supported only for YouTube)
  288. --user-agent UA Specify a custom user agent
  289. --referer URL Specify a custom referer, use if the video
  290. access is restricted to one domain
  291. --add-header FIELD:VALUE Specify a custom HTTP header and its value,
  292. separated by a colon ':'. You can use this
  293. option multiple times
  294. --bidi-workaround Work around terminals that lack
  295. bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv
  296. or fribidi executable in PATH
  297. --sleep-interval SECONDS Number of seconds to sleep before each
  298. download.
  299. ## Video Format Options:
  300. -f, --format FORMAT Video format code, see the "FORMAT
  301. SELECTION" for all the info
  302. --all-formats Download all available video formats
  303. --prefer-free-formats Prefer free video formats unless a specific
  304. one is requested
  305. -F, --list-formats List all available formats of requested
  306. videos
  307. --youtube-skip-dash-manifest Do not download the DASH manifests and
  308. related data on YouTube videos
  309. --merge-output-format FORMAT If a merge is required (e.g.
  310. bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given
  311. container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg,
  312. webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is required
  313. ## Subtitle Options:
  314. --write-sub Write subtitle file
  315. --write-auto-sub Write automatically generated subtitle file
  316. (YouTube only)
  317. --all-subs Download all the available subtitles of the
  318. video
  319. --list-subs List all available subtitles for the video
  320. --sub-format FORMAT Subtitle format, accepts formats
  321. preference, for example: "srt" or
  322. "ass/srt/best"
  323. --sub-lang LANGS Languages of the subtitles to download
  324. (optional) separated by commas, use --list-
  325. subs for available language tags
  326. ## Authentication Options:
  327. -u, --username USERNAME Login with this account ID
  328. -p, --password PASSWORD Account password. If this option is left
  329. out, youtube-dl will ask interactively.
  330. -2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR Two-factor auth code
  331. -n, --netrc Use .netrc authentication data
  332. --video-password PASSWORD Video password (vimeo, smotri, youku)
  333. ## Post-processing Options:
  334. -x, --extract-audio Convert video files to audio-only files
  335. (requires ffmpeg or avconv and ffprobe or
  336. avprobe)
  337. --audio-format FORMAT Specify audio format: "best", "aac",
  338. "vorbis", "mp3", "m4a", "opus", or "wav";
  339. "best" by default
  340. --audio-quality QUALITY Specify ffmpeg/avconv audio quality, insert
  341. a value between 0 (better) and 9 (worse)
  342. for VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K
  343. (default 5)
  344. --recode-video FORMAT Encode the video to another format if
  345. necessary (currently supported:
  346. mp4|flv|ogg|webm|mkv|avi)
  347. --postprocessor-args ARGS Give these arguments to the postprocessor
  348. -k, --keep-video Keep the video file on disk after the post-
  349. processing; the video is erased by default
  350. --no-post-overwrites Do not overwrite post-processed files; the
  351. post-processed files are overwritten by
  352. default
  353. --embed-subs Embed subtitles in the video (only for mkv
  354. and mp4 videos)
  355. --embed-thumbnail Embed thumbnail in the audio as cover art
  356. --add-metadata Write metadata to the video file
  357. --metadata-from-title FORMAT Parse additional metadata like song title /
  358. artist from the video title. The format
  359. syntax is the same as --output, the parsed
  360. parameters replace existing values.
  361. Additional templates: %(album)s,
  362. %(artist)s. Example: --metadata-from-title
  363. "%(artist)s - %(title)s" matches a title
  364. like "Coldplay - Paradise"
  365. --xattrs Write metadata to the video file's xattrs
  366. (using dublin core and xdg standards)
  367. --fixup POLICY Automatically correct known faults of the
  368. file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
  369. emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the
  370. default; fix file if we can, warn
  371. otherwise)
  372. --prefer-avconv Prefer avconv over ffmpeg for running the
  373. postprocessors (default)
  374. --prefer-ffmpeg Prefer ffmpeg over avconv for running the
  375. postprocessors
  376. --ffmpeg-location PATH Location of the ffmpeg/avconv binary;
  377. either the path to the binary or its
  378. containing directory.
  379. --exec CMD Execute a command on the file after
  380. downloading, similar to find's -exec
  381. syntax. Example: --exec 'adb push {}
  382. /sdcard/Music/ && rm {}'
  383. --convert-subs FORMAT Convert the subtitles to other format
  384. (currently supported: srt|ass|vtt)
  385. # CONFIGURATION
  386. You can configure youtube-dl by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. On Linux, the system wide configuration file is located at `/etc/youtube-dl.conf` and the user wide configuration file at `~/.config/youtube-dl/config`. On Windows, the user wide configuration file locations are `%APPDATA%\youtube-dl\config.txt` or `C:\Users\<user name>\youtube-dl.conf`.
  387. For example, with the following configuration file youtube-dl will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under `Movies` directory in your home directory:
  388. ```
  389. -x
  390. --no-mtime
  391. --proxy 127.0.0.1:3128
  392. -o ~/Movies/%(title)s.%(ext)s
  393. ```
  394. Note that options in configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls thus there **must be no whitespace** after `-` or `--`, e.g. `-o` or `--proxy` but not `- o` or `-- proxy`.
  395. You can use `--ignore-config` if you want to disable the configuration file for a particular youtube-dl run.
  396. ### Authentication with `.netrc` file
  397. You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with `--username` and `--password`) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every youtube-dl execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a [`.netrc` file](http://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on per extractor basis. For that you will need to create a`.netrc` file in your `$HOME` and restrict permissions to read/write by you only:
  398. ```
  399. touch $HOME/.netrc
  400. chmod a-rwx,u+rw $HOME/.netrc
  401. ```
  402. After that you can add credentials for extractor in the following format, where *extractor* is the name of extractor in lowercase:
  403. ```
  404. machine <extractor> login <login> password <password>
  405. ```
  406. For example:
  407. ```
  408. machine youtube login myaccount@gmail.com password my_youtube_password
  409. machine twitch login my_twitch_account_name password my_twitch_password
  410. ```
  411. To activate authentication with the `.netrc` file you should pass `--netrc` to youtube-dl or place it in the [configuration file](#configuration).
  412. On Windows you may also need to setup the `%HOME%` environment variable manually.
  413. # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
  414. The `-o` option allows users to indicate a template for the output file names.
  415. **tl;dr:** [navigate me to examples](#output-template-examples).
  416. The basic usage is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single file, like in `youtube-dl -o funny_video.flv "http://some/video"`. However, it may contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloading each video. The special sequences have the format `%(NAME)s`. To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses, followed by a lowercase S. Allowed names are:
  417. - `id`: Video identifier
  418. - `title`: Video title
  419. - `url`: Video URL
  420. - `ext`: Video filename extension
  421. - `alt_title`: A secondary title of the video
  422. - `display_id`: An alternative identifier for the video
  423. - `uploader`: Full name of the video uploader
  424. - `license`: License name the video is licensed under
  425. - `creator`: The main artist who created the video
  426. - `release_date`: The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was released
  427. - `timestamp`: UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became available
  428. - `upload_date`: Video upload date (YYYYMMDD)
  429. - `uploader_id`: Nickname or id of the video uploader
  430. - `location`: Physical location where the video was filmed
  431. - `duration`: Length of the video in seconds
  432. - `view_count`: How many users have watched the video on the platform
  433. - `like_count`: Number of positive ratings of the video
  434. - `dislike_count`: Number of negative ratings of the video
  435. - `repost_count`: Number of reposts of the video
  436. - `average_rating`: Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
  437. - `comment_count`: Number of comments on the video
  438. - `age_limit`: Age restriction for the video (years)
  439. - `format`: A human-readable description of the format
  440. - `format_id`: Format code specified by `--format`
  441. - `format_note`: Additional info about the format
  442. - `width`: Width of the video
  443. - `height`: Height of the video
  444. - `resolution`: Textual description of width and height
  445. - `tbr`: Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
  446. - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
  447. - `acodec`: Name of the audio codec in use
  448. - `asr`: Audio sampling rate in Hertz
  449. - `vbr`: Average video bitrate in KBit/s
  450. - `fps`: Frame rate
  451. - `vcodec`: Name of the video codec in use
  452. - `container`: Name of the container format
  453. - `filesize`: The number of bytes, if known in advance
  454. - `filesize_approx`: An estimate for the number of bytes
  455. - `protocol`: The protocol that will be used for the actual download
  456. - `extractor`: Name of the extractor
  457. - `extractor_key`: Key name of the extractor
  458. - `epoch`: Unix epoch when creating the file
  459. - `autonumber`: Five-digit number that will be increased with each download, starting at zero
  460. - `playlist`: Name or id of the playlist that contains the video
  461. - `playlist_index`: Index of the video in the playlist padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlist
  462. Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section:
  463. - `chapter`: Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to
  464. - `chapter_number`: Number of the chapter the video belongs to
  465. - `chapter_id`: Id of the chapter the video belongs to
  466. Available for the video that is an episode of some series or programme:
  467. - `series`: Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to
  468. - `season`: Title of the season the video episode belongs to
  469. - `season_number`: Number of the season the video episode belongs to
  470. - `season_id`: Id of the season the video episode belongs to
  471. - `episode`: Title of the video episode
  472. - `episode_number`: Number of the video episode within a season
  473. - `episode_id`: Id of the video episode
  474. Each aforementioned sequence when referenced in output template will be replaced by the actual value corresponding to the sequence name. Note that some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present since they depend on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, such sequences will be replaced with `NA`.
  475. For example for `-o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s` and mp4 video with title `youtube-dl test video` and id `BaW_jenozKcj` this will result in a `youtube-dl test video-BaW_jenozKcj.mp4` file created in the current directory.
  476. Output template can also contain arbitrary hierarchical path, e.g. `-o '%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s'` that will result in downloading each video in a directory corresponding to this path template. Any missing directory will be automatically created for you.
  477. To specify percent literal in output template use `%%`. To output to stdout use `-o -`.
  478. The current default template is `%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s`.
  479. In some cases, you don't want special characters such as 中, spaces, or &, such as when transferring the downloaded filename to a Windows system or the filename through an 8bit-unsafe channel. In these cases, add the `--restrict-filenames` flag to get a shorter title:
  480. #### Output template examples
  481. Note on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of single.
  482. ```bash
  483. $ youtube-dl --get-filename -o '%(title)s.%(ext)s' BaW_jenozKc
  484. youtube-dl test video ''_ä↭𝕐.mp4 # All kinds of weird characters
  485. $ youtube-dl --get-filename -o '%(title)s.%(ext)s' BaW_jenozKc --restrict-filenames
  486. youtube-dl_test_video_.mp4 # A simple file name
  487. # Download YouTube playlist videos in separate directory indexed by video order in a playlist
  488. $ youtube-dl -o '%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s' https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re
  489. # Download all playlists of YouTube channel/user keeping each playlist in separate directory:
  490. $ youtube-dl -o '%(uploader)s/%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s' https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists
  491. # Download Udemy course keeping each chapter in separate directory under MyVideos directory in your home
  492. $ youtube-dl -u user -p password -o '~/MyVideos/%(playlist)s/%(chapter_number)s - %(chapter)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s' https://www.udemy.com/java-tutorial/
  493. # Download entire series season keeping each series and each season in separate directory under C:/MyVideos
  494. $ youtube-dl -o "C:/MyVideos/%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episode_number)s - %(episode)s.%(ext)s" http://videomore.ru/kino_v_detalayah/5_sezon/367617
  495. # Stream the video being downloaded to stdout
  496. $ youtube-dl -o - BaW_jenozKc
  497. ```
  498. # FORMAT SELECTION
  499. By default youtube-dl tries to download the best available quality, i.e. if you want the best quality you **don't need** to pass any special options, youtube-dl will guess it for you by **default**.
  500. But sometimes you may want to download in a different format, for example when you are on a slow or intermittent connection. The key mechanism for achieving this is so called *format selection* based on which you can explicitly specify desired format, select formats based on some criterion or criteria, setup precedence and much more.
  501. The general syntax for format selection is `--format FORMAT` or shorter `-f FORMAT` where `FORMAT` is a *selector expression*, i.e. an expression that describes format or formats you would like to download.
  502. **tl;dr:** [navigate me to examples](#format-selection-examples).
  503. The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for example with `-f 22` you can download the format with format code equal to 22. You can get the list of available format codes for particular video using `--list-formats` or `-F`. Note that these format codes are extractor specific.
  504. You can also use a file extension (currently `3gp`, `aac`, `flv`, `m4a`, `mp3`, `mp4`, `ogg`, `wav`, `webm` are supported) to download best quality format of particular file extension served as a single file, e.g. `-f webm` will download best quality format with `webm` extension served as a single file.
  505. You can also use special names to select particular edge case format:
  506. - `best`: Select best quality format represented by single file with video and audio
  507. - `worst`: Select worst quality format represented by single file with video and audio
  508. - `bestvideo`: Select best quality video only format (e.g. DASH video), may not be available
  509. - `worstvideo`: Select worst quality video only format, may not be available
  510. - `bestaudio`: Select best quality audio only format, may not be available
  511. - `worstaudio`: Select worst quality audio only format, may not be available
  512. For example, to download worst quality video only format you can use `-f worstvideo`.
  513. If you want to download multiple videos and they don't have the same formats available, you can specify the order of preference using slashes. Note that slash is left-associative, i.e. formats on the left hand side are preferred, for example `-f 22/17/18` will download format 22 if it's available, otherwise it will download format 17 if it's available, otherwise it will download format 18 if it's available, otherwise it will complain that no suitable formats are available for download.
  514. If you want to download several formats of the same video use comma as a separator, e.g. `-f 22,17,18` will download all these three formats, of course if they are available. Or more sophisticated example combined with precedence feature `-f 136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio`.
  515. You can also filter the video formats by putting a condition in brackets, as in `-f "best[height=720]"` (or `-f "[filesize>10M]"`).
  516. The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`, `=` (equals), `!=` (not equals):
  517. - `filesize`: The number of bytes, if known in advance
  518. - `width`: Width of the video, if known
  519. - `height`: Height of the video, if known
  520. - `tbr`: Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
  521. - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
  522. - `vbr`: Average video bitrate in KBit/s
  523. - `asr`: Audio sampling rate in Hertz
  524. - `fps`: Frame rate
  525. Also filtering work for comparisons `=` (equals), `!=` (not equals), `^=` (begins with), `$=` (ends with), `*=` (contains) and following string meta fields:
  526. - `ext`: File extension
  527. - `acodec`: Name of the audio codec in use
  528. - `vcodec`: Name of the video codec in use
  529. - `container`: Name of the container format
  530. - `protocol`: The protocol that will be used for the actual download, lower-case. `http`, `https`, `rtsp`, `rtmp`, `rtmpe`, `m3u8`, or `m3u8_native`
  531. Note that none of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by video hoster.
  532. Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (`?`) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so `-f "[height <=? 720][tbr>500]"` selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s.
  533. You can merge the video and audio of two formats into a single file using `-f <video-format>+<audio-format>` (requires ffmpeg or avconv installed), for example `-f bestvideo+bestaudio` will download best video only format, best audio only format and mux them together with ffmpeg/avconv.
  534. Format selectors can also be grouped using parentheses, for example if you want to download the best mp4 and webm formats with a height lower than 480 you can use `-f '(mp4,webm)[height<480]'`.
  535. Since the end of April 2015 and version 2015.04.26 youtube-dl uses `-f bestvideo+bestaudio/best` as default format selection (see [#5447](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/5447), [#5456](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/5456)). If ffmpeg or avconv are installed this results in downloading `bestvideo` and `bestaudio` separately and muxing them together into a single file giving the best overall quality available. Otherwise it falls back to `best` and results in downloading the best available quality served as a single file. `best` is also needed for videos that don't come from YouTube because they don't provide the audio and video in two different files. If you want to only download some DASH formats (for example if you are not interested in getting videos with a resolution higher than 1080p), you can add `-f bestvideo[height<=?1080]+bestaudio/best` to your configuration file. Note that if you use youtube-dl to stream to `stdout` (and most likely to pipe it to your media player then), i.e. you explicitly specify output template as `-o -`, youtube-dl still uses `-f best` format selection in order to start content delivery immediately to your player and not to wait until `bestvideo` and `bestaudio` are downloaded and muxed.
  536. If you want to preserve the old format selection behavior (prior to youtube-dl 2015.04.26), i.e. you want to download the best available quality media served as a single file, you should explicitly specify your choice with `-f best`. You may want to add it to the [configuration file](#configuration) in order not to type it every time you run youtube-dl.
  537. #### Format selection examples
  538. Note on Windows you may need to use double quotes instead of single.
  539. ```bash
  540. # Download best mp4 format available or any other best if no mp4 available
  541. $ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[ext=mp4]+bestaudio[ext=m4a]/best[ext=mp4]/best'
  542. # Download best format available but not better that 480p
  543. $ youtube-dl -f 'bestvideo[height<=480]+bestaudio/best[height<=480]'
  544. # Download best video only format but no bigger that 50 MB
  545. $ youtube-dl -f 'best[filesize<50M]'
  546. # Download best format available via direct link over HTTP/HTTPS protocol
  547. $ youtube-dl -f '(bestvideo+bestaudio/best)[protocol^=http]'
  548. ```
  549. # VIDEO SELECTION
  550. Videos can be filtered by their upload date using the options `--date`, `--datebefore` or `--dateafter`. They accept dates in two formats:
  551. - Absolute dates: Dates in the format `YYYYMMDD`.
  552. - Relative dates: Dates in the format `(now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?`
  553. Examples:
  554. ```bash
  555. # Download only the videos uploaded in the last 6 months
  556. $ youtube-dl --dateafter now-6months
  557. # Download only the videos uploaded on January 1, 1970
  558. $ youtube-dl --date 19700101
  559. $ # Download only the videos uploaded in the 200x decade
  560. $ youtube-dl --dateafter 20000101 --datebefore 20091231
  561. ```
  562. # FAQ
  563. ### How do I update youtube-dl?
  564. If you've followed [our manual installation instructions](http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html), you can simply run `youtube-dl -U` (or, on Linux, `sudo youtube-dl -U`).
  565. If you have used pip, a simple `sudo pip install -U youtube-dl` is sufficient to update.
  566. If you have installed youtube-dl using a package manager like *apt-get* or *yum*, use the standard system update mechanism to update. Note that distribution packages are often outdated. As a rule of thumb, youtube-dl releases at least once a month, and often weekly or even daily. Simply go to http://yt-dl.org/ to find out the current version. Unfortunately, there is nothing we youtube-dl developers can do if your distribution serves a really outdated version. You can (and should) complain to your distribution in their bugtracker or support forum.
  567. As a last resort, you can also uninstall the version installed by your package manager and follow our manual installation instructions. For that, remove the distribution's package, with a line like
  568. sudo apt-get remove -y youtube-dl
  569. Afterwards, simply follow [our manual installation instructions](http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html):
  570. ```
  571. sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
  572. sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
  573. hash -r
  574. ```
  575. Again, from then on you'll be able to update with `sudo youtube-dl -U`.
  576. ### I'm getting an error `Unable to extract OpenGraph title` on YouTube playlists
  577. YouTube changed their playlist format in March 2014 and later on, so you'll need at least youtube-dl 2014.07.25 to download all YouTube videos.
  578. If you have installed youtube-dl with a package manager, pip, setup.py or a tarball, please use that to update. Note that Ubuntu packages do not seem to get updated anymore. Since we are not affiliated with Ubuntu, there is little we can do. Feel free to [report bugs](https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/youtube-dl/+filebug) to the [Ubuntu packaging guys](mailto:ubuntu-motu@lists.ubuntu.com?subject=outdated%20version%20of%20youtube-dl) - all they have to do is update the package to a somewhat recent version. See above for a way to update.
  579. ### Do I always have to pass `-citw`?
  580. By default, youtube-dl intends to have the best options (incidentally, if you have a convincing case that these should be different, [please file an issue where you explain that](https://yt-dl.org/bug)). Therefore, it is unnecessary and sometimes harmful to copy long option strings from webpages. In particular, the only option out of `-citw` that is regularly useful is `-i`.
  581. ### Can you please put the `-b` option back?
  582. Most people asking this question are not aware that youtube-dl now defaults to downloading the highest available quality as reported by YouTube, which will be 1080p or 720p in some cases, so you no longer need the `-b` option. For some specific videos, maybe YouTube does not report them to be available in a specific high quality format you're interested in. In that case, simply request it with the `-f` option and youtube-dl will try to download it.
  583. ### I get HTTP error 402 when trying to download a video. What's this?
  584. Apparently YouTube requires you to pass a CAPTCHA test if you download too much. We're [considering to provide a way to let you solve the CAPTCHA](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/154), but at the moment, your best course of action is pointing a webbrowser to the youtube URL, solving the CAPTCHA, and restart youtube-dl.
  585. ### Do I need any other programs?
  586. youtube-dl works fine on its own on most sites. However, if you want to convert video/audio, you'll need [avconv](https://libav.org/) or [ffmpeg](https://www.ffmpeg.org/). On some sites - most notably YouTube - videos can be retrieved in a higher quality format without sound. youtube-dl will detect whether avconv/ffmpeg is present and automatically pick the best option.
  587. Videos or video formats streamed via RTMP protocol can only be downloaded when [rtmpdump](https://rtmpdump.mplayerhq.hu/) is installed. Downloading MMS and RTSP videos requires either [mplayer](http://mplayerhq.hu/) or [mpv](https://mpv.io/) to be installed.
  588. ### I have downloaded a video but how can I play it?
  589. Once the video is fully downloaded, use any video player, such as [vlc](http://www.videolan.org) or [mplayer](http://www.mplayerhq.hu/).
  590. ### I extracted a video URL with `-g`, but it does not play on another machine / in my webbrowser.
  591. It depends a lot on the service. In many cases, requests for the video (to download/play it) must come from the same IP address and with the same cookies. Use the `--cookies` option to write the required cookies into a file, and advise your downloader to read cookies from that file. Some sites also require a common user agent to be used, use `--dump-user-agent` to see the one in use by youtube-dl.
  592. It may be beneficial to use IPv6; in some cases, the restrictions are only applied to IPv4. Some services (sometimes only for a subset of videos) do not restrict the video URL by IP address, cookie, or user-agent, but these are the exception rather than the rule.
  593. Please bear in mind that some URL protocols are **not** supported by browsers out of the box, including RTMP. If you are using `-g`, your own downloader must support these as well.
  594. If you want to play the video on a machine that is not running youtube-dl, you can relay the video content from the machine that runs youtube-dl. You can use `-o -` to let youtube-dl stream a video to stdout, or simply allow the player to download the files written by youtube-dl in turn.
  595. ### ERROR: no fmt_url_map or conn information found in video info
  596. YouTube has switched to a new video info format in July 2011 which is not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. See [above](#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update youtube-dl.
  597. ### ERROR: unable to download video
  598. YouTube requires an additional signature since September 2012 which is not supported by old versions of youtube-dl. See [above](#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update youtube-dl.
  599. ### Video URL contains an ampersand and I'm getting some strange output `[1] 2839` or `'v' is not recognized as an internal or external command`
  600. That's actually the output from your shell. Since ampersand is one of the special shell characters it's interpreted by the shell preventing you from passing the whole URL to youtube-dl. To disable your shell from interpreting the ampersands (or any other special characters) you have to either put the whole URL in quotes or escape them with a backslash (which approach will work depends on your shell).
  601. For example if your URL is https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&v=BaW_jenozKc you should end up with following command:
  602. ```youtube-dl 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&v=BaW_jenozKc'```
  603. or
  604. ```youtube-dl https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4\&v=BaW_jenozKc```
  605. For Windows you have to use the double quotes:
  606. ```youtube-dl "https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=4&v=BaW_jenozKc"```
  607. ### ExtractorError: Could not find JS function u'OF'
  608. In February 2015, the new YouTube player contained a character sequence in a string that was misinterpreted by old versions of youtube-dl. See [above](#how-do-i-update-youtube-dl) for how to update youtube-dl.
  609. ### HTTP Error 429: Too Many Requests or 402: Payment Required
  610. These two error codes indicate that the service is blocking your IP address because of overuse. Contact the service and ask them to unblock your IP address, or - if you have acquired a whitelisted IP address already - use the [`--proxy` or `--source-address` options](#network-options) to select another IP address.
  611. ### SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character
  612. The error
  613. File "youtube-dl", line 2
  614. SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\x93' ...
  615. means you're using an outdated version of Python. Please update to Python 2.6 or 2.7.
  616. ### What is this binary file? Where has the code gone?
  617. Since June 2012 ([#342](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/342)) youtube-dl is packed as an executable zipfile, simply unzip it (might need renaming to `youtube-dl.zip` first on some systems) or clone the git repository, as laid out above. If you modify the code, you can run it by executing the `__main__.py` file. To recompile the executable, run `make youtube-dl`.
  618. ### The exe throws a *Runtime error from Visual C++*
  619. To run the exe you need to install first the [Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable Package](http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=29).
  620. ### On Windows, how should I set up ffmpeg and youtube-dl? Where should I put the exe files?
  621. If you put youtube-dl and ffmpeg in the same directory that you're running the command from, it will work, but that's rather cumbersome.
  622. To make a different directory work - either for ffmpeg, or for youtube-dl, or for both - simply create the directory (say, `C:\bin`, or `C:\Users\<User name>\bin`), put all the executables directly in there, and then [set your PATH environment variable](https://www.java.com/en/download/help/path.xml) to include that directory.
  623. From then on, after restarting your shell, you will be able to access both youtube-dl and ffmpeg (and youtube-dl will be able to find ffmpeg) by simply typing `youtube-dl` or `ffmpeg`, no matter what directory you're in.
  624. ### How do I put downloads into a specific folder?
  625. Use the `-o` to specify an [output template](#output-template), for example `-o "/home/user/videos/%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"`. If you want this for all of your downloads, put the option into your [configuration file](#configuration).
  626. ### How do I download a video starting with a `-`?
  627. Either prepend `http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=` or separate the ID from the options with `--`:
  628. youtube-dl -- -wNyEUrxzFU
  629. youtube-dl "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wNyEUrxzFU"
  630. ### How do I pass cookies to youtube-dl?
  631. Use the `--cookies` option, for example `--cookies /path/to/cookies/file.txt`. Note that the cookies file must be in Mozilla/Netscape format and the first line of the cookies file must be either `# HTTP Cookie File` or `# Netscape HTTP Cookie File`. Make sure you have correct [newline format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) in the cookies file and convert newlines if necessary to correspond with your OS, namely `CRLF` (`\r\n`) for Windows, `LF` (`\n`) for Linux and `CR` (`\r`) for Mac OS. `HTTP Error 400: Bad Request` when using `--cookies` is a good sign of invalid newline format.
  632. Passing cookies to youtube-dl is a good way to workaround login when a particular extractor does not implement it explicitly. Another use case is working around [CAPTCHA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPTCHA) some websites require you to solve in particular cases in order to get access (e.g. YouTube, CloudFlare).
  633. ### Can you add support for this anime video site, or site which shows current movies for free?
  634. As a matter of policy (as well as legality), youtube-dl does not include support for services that specialize in infringing copyright. As a rule of thumb, if you cannot easily find a video that the service is quite obviously allowed to distribute (i.e. that has been uploaded by the creator, the creator's distributor, or is published under a free license), the service is probably unfit for inclusion to youtube-dl.
  635. A note on the service that they don't host the infringing content, but just link to those who do, is evidence that the service should **not** be included into youtube-dl. The same goes for any DMCA note when the whole front page of the service is filled with videos they are not allowed to distribute. A "fair use" note is equally unconvincing if the service shows copyright-protected videos in full without authorization.
  636. Support requests for services that **do** purchase the rights to distribute their content are perfectly fine though. If in doubt, you can simply include a source that mentions the legitimate purchase of content.
  637. ### How can I speed up work on my issue?
  638. (Also known as: Help, my important issue not being solved!) The youtube-dl core developer team is quite small. While we do our best to solve as many issues as possible, sometimes that can take quite a while. To speed up your issue, here's what you can do:
  639. First of all, please do report the issue [at our issue tracker](https://yt-dl.org/bugs). That allows us to coordinate all efforts by users and developers, and serves as a unified point. Unfortunately, the youtube-dl project has grown too large to use personal email as an effective communication channel.
  640. Please read the [bug reporting instructions](#bugs) below. A lot of bugs lack all the necessary information. If you can, offer proxy, VPN, or shell access to the youtube-dl developers. If you are able to, test the issue from multiple computers in multiple countries to exclude local censorship or misconfiguration issues.
  641. If nobody is interested in solving your issue, you are welcome to take matters into your own hands and submit a pull request (or coerce/pay somebody else to do so).
  642. Feel free to bump the issue from time to time by writing a small comment ("Issue is still present in youtube-dl version ...from France, but fixed from Belgium"), but please not more than once a month. Please do not declare your issue as `important` or `urgent`.
  643. ### How can I detect whether a given URL is supported by youtube-dl?
  644. For one, have a look at the [list of supported sites](docs/supportedsites.md). Note that it can sometimes happen that the site changes its URL scheme (say, from http://example.com/video/1234567 to http://example.com/v/1234567 ) and youtube-dl reports an URL of a service in that list as unsupported. In that case, simply report a bug.
  645. It is *not* possible to detect whether a URL is supported or not. That's because youtube-dl contains a generic extractor which matches **all** URLs. You may be tempted to disable, exclude, or remove the generic extractor, but the generic extractor not only allows users to extract videos from lots of websites that embed a video from another service, but may also be used to extract video from a service that it's hosting itself. Therefore, we neither recommend nor support disabling, excluding, or removing the generic extractor.
  646. If you want to find out whether a given URL is supported, simply call youtube-dl with it. If you get no videos back, chances are the URL is either not referring to a video or unsupported. You can find out which by examining the output (if you run youtube-dl on the console) or catching an `UnsupportedError` exception if you run it from a Python program.
  647. # DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS
  648. Most users do not need to build youtube-dl and can [download the builds](http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/download.html) or get them from their distribution.
  649. To run youtube-dl as a developer, you don't need to build anything either. Simply execute
  650. python -m youtube_dl
  651. To run the test, simply invoke your favorite test runner, or execute a test file directly; any of the following work:
  652. python -m unittest discover
  653. python test/test_download.py
  654. nosetests
  655. If you want to create a build of youtube-dl yourself, you'll need
  656. * python
  657. * make
  658. * pandoc
  659. * zip
  660. * nosetests
  661. ### Adding support for a new site
  662. If you want to add support for a new site, first of all **make sure** this site is **not dedicated to [copyright infringement](#can-you-add-support-for-this-anime-video-site-or-site-which-shows-current-movies-for-free)**. youtube-dl does **not support** such sites thus pull requests adding support for them **will be rejected**.
  663. After you have ensured this site is distributing it's content legally, you can follow this quick list (assuming your service is called `yourextractor`):
  664. 1. [Fork this repository](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/fork)
  665. 2. Check out the source code with `git clone git@github.com:YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/youtube-dl.git`
  666. 3. Start a new git branch with `cd youtube-dl; git checkout -b yourextractor`
  667. 4. Start with this simple template and save it to `youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py`:
  668. ```python
  669. # coding: utf-8
  670. from __future__ import unicode_literals
  671. from .common import InfoExtractor
  672. class YourExtractorIE(InfoExtractor):
  673. _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?yourextractor\.com/watch/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
  674. _TEST = {
  675. 'url': 'http://yourextractor.com/watch/42',
  676. 'md5': 'TODO: md5 sum of the first 10241 bytes of the video file (use --test)',
  677. 'info_dict': {
  678. 'id': '42',
  679. 'ext': 'mp4',
  680. 'title': 'Video title goes here',
  681. 'thumbnail': 're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
  682. # TODO more properties, either as:
  683. # * A value
  684. # * MD5 checksum; start the string with md5:
  685. # * A regular expression; start the string with re:
  686. # * Any Python type (for example int or float)
  687. }
  688. }
  689. def _real_extract(self, url):
  690. video_id = self._match_id(url)
  691. webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
  692. # TODO more code goes here, for example ...
  693. title = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1>(.+?)</h1>', webpage, 'title')
  694. return {
  695. 'id': video_id,
  696. 'title': title,
  697. 'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
  698. 'uploader': self._search_regex(r'<div[^>]+id="uploader"[^>]*>([^<]+)<', webpage, 'uploader', fatal=False),
  699. # TODO more properties (see youtube_dl/extractor/common.py)
  700. }
  701. ```
  702. 5. Add an import in [`youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py`](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py).
  703. 6. Run `python test/test_download.py TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`. This *should fail* at first, but you can continually re-run it until you're done. If you decide to add more than one test, then rename ``_TEST`` to ``_TESTS`` and make it into a list of dictionaries. The tests will then be named `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_1`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_2`, etc.
  704. 7. Have a look at [`youtube_dl/extractor/common.py`](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py) for possible helper methods and a [detailed description of what your extractor should and may return](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/58525c94d547be1c8167d16c298bdd75506db328/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L68-L226). Add tests and code for as many as you want.
  705. 8. Keep in mind that the only mandatory fields in info dict for successful extraction process are `id`, `title` and either `url` or `formats`, i.e. these are the critical data the extraction does not make any sense without. This means that [any field](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/58525c94d547be1c8167d16c298bdd75506db328/youtube_dl/extractor/common.py#L138-L226) apart from aforementioned mandatory ones should be treated **as optional** and extraction should be **tolerate** to situations when sources for these fields can potentially be unavailable (even if they always available at the moment) and **future-proof** in order not to break the extraction of general purpose mandatory fields. For example, if you have some intermediate dict `meta` that is a source of metadata and it has a key `summary` that you want to extract and put into resulting info dict as `description`, you should be ready that this key may be missing from the `meta` dict, i.e. you should extract it as `meta.get('summary')` and not `meta['summary']`. Similarly, you should pass `fatal=False` when extracting data from a webpage with `_search_regex/_html_search_regex`.
  706. 9. Check the code with [flake8](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/flake8).
  707. 10. When the tests pass, [add](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files and [commit](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](http://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:
  708. $ git add youtube_dl/extractor/__init__.py
  709. $ git add youtube_dl/extractor/yourextractor.py
  710. $ git commit -m '[yourextractor] Add new extractor'
  711. $ git push origin yourextractor
  712. 11. Finally, [create a pull request](https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request). We'll then review and merge it.
  713. In any case, thank you very much for your contributions!
  714. # EMBEDDING YOUTUBE-DL
  715. youtube-dl makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus should be callable from any programming language. If you encounter any problems parsing its output, feel free to [create a report](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/new).
  716. From a Python program, you can embed youtube-dl in a more powerful fashion, like this:
  717. ```python
  718. from __future__ import unicode_literals
  719. import youtube_dl
  720. ydl_opts = {}
  721. with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
  722. ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])
  723. ```
  724. Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of what can be done, have a look at [`youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py`](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py#L121-L269). For a start, if you want to intercept youtube-dl's output, set a `logger` object.
  725. Here's a more complete example of a program that outputs only errors (and a short message after the download is finished), and downloads/converts the video to an mp3 file:
  726. ```python
  727. from __future__ import unicode_literals
  728. import youtube_dl
  729. class MyLogger(object):
  730. def debug(self, msg):
  731. pass
  732. def warning(self, msg):
  733. pass
  734. def error(self, msg):
  735. print(msg)
  736. def my_hook(d):
  737. if d['status'] == 'finished':
  738. print('Done downloading, now converting ...')
  739. ydl_opts = {
  740. 'format': 'bestaudio/best',
  741. 'postprocessors': [{
  742. 'key': 'FFmpegExtractAudio',
  743. 'preferredcodec': 'mp3',
  744. 'preferredquality': '192',
  745. }],
  746. 'logger': MyLogger(),
  747. 'progress_hooks': [my_hook],
  748. }
  749. with youtube_dl.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
  750. ydl.download(['http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])
  751. ```
  752. # BUGS
  753. Bugs and suggestions should be reported at: <https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues>. Unless you were prompted so or there is another pertinent reason (e.g. GitHub fails to accept the bug report), please do not send bug reports via personal email. For discussions, join us in the IRC channel [#youtube-dl](irc://chat.freenode.net/#youtube-dl) on freenode ([webchat](http://webchat.freenode.net/?randomnick=1&channels=youtube-dl)).
  754. **Please include the full output of youtube-dl when run with `-v`**, i.e. **add** `-v` flag to **your command line**, copy the **whole** output and post it in the issue body wrapped in \`\`\` for better formatting. It should look similar to this:
  755. ```
  756. $ youtube-dl -v <your command line>
  757. [debug] System config: []
  758. [debug] User config: []
  759. [debug] Command-line args: [u'-v', u'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj']
  760. [debug] Encodings: locale cp1251, fs mbcs, out cp866, pref cp1251
  761. [debug] youtube-dl version 2015.12.06
  762. [debug] Git HEAD: 135392e
  763. [debug] Python version 2.6.6 - Windows-2003Server-5.2.3790-SP2
  764. [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-75573-g1d0487f, ffprobe N-75573-g1d0487f, rtmpdump 2.4
  765. [debug] Proxy map: {}
  766. ...
  767. ```
  768. **Do not post screenshots of verbose log only plain text is acceptable.**
  769. The output (including the first lines) contains important debugging information. Issues without the full output are often not reproducible and therefore do not get solved in short order, if ever.
  770. Please re-read your issue once again to avoid a couple of common mistakes (you can and should use this as a checklist):
  771. ### Is the description of the issue itself sufficient?
  772. We often get issue reports that we cannot really decipher. While in most cases we eventually get the required information after asking back multiple times, this poses an unnecessary drain on our resources. Many contributors, including myself, are also not native speakers, so we may misread some parts.
  773. So please elaborate on what feature you are requesting, or what bug you want to be fixed. Make sure that it's obvious
  774. - What the problem is
  775. - How it could be fixed
  776. - How your proposed solution would look like
  777. If your report is shorter than two lines, it is almost certainly missing some of these, which makes it hard for us to respond to it. We're often too polite to close the issue outright, but the missing info makes misinterpretation likely. As a committer myself, I often get frustrated by these issues, since the only possible way for me to move forward on them is to ask for clarification over and over.
  778. For bug reports, this means that your report should contain the *complete* output of youtube-dl when called with the `-v` flag. The error message you get for (most) bugs even says so, but you would not believe how many of our bug reports do not contain this information.
  779. If your server has multiple IPs or you suspect censorship, adding `--call-home` may be a good idea to get more diagnostics. If the error is `ERROR: Unable to extract ...` and you cannot reproduce it from multiple countries, add `--dump-pages` (warning: this will yield a rather large output, redirect it to the file `log.txt` by adding `>log.txt 2>&1` to your command-line) or upload the `.dump` files you get when you add `--write-pages` [somewhere](https://gist.github.com/).
  780. **Site support requests must contain an example URL**. An example URL is a URL you might want to download, like `http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc`. There should be an obvious video present. Except under very special circumstances, the main page of a video service (e.g. `http://www.youtube.com/`) is *not* an example URL.
  781. ### Are you using the latest version?
  782. Before reporting any issue, type `youtube-dl -U`. This should report that you're up-to-date. About 20% of the reports we receive are already fixed, but people are using outdated versions. This goes for feature requests as well.
  783. ### Is the issue already documented?
  784. Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you're trying to open. Search at the top of the window or browse the [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/search?type=Issues) of this repository. If there is an issue, feel free to write something along the lines of "This affects me as well, with version 2015.01.01. Here is some more information on the issue: ...". While some issues may be old, a new post into them often spurs rapid activity.
  785. ### Why are existing options not enough?
  786. Before requesting a new feature, please have a quick peek at [the list of supported options](https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/blob/master/README.md#synopsis). Many feature requests are for features that actually exist already! Please, absolutely do show off your work in the issue report and detail how the existing similar options do *not* solve your problem.
  787. ### Is there enough context in your bug report?
  788. People want to solve problems, and often think they do us a favor by breaking down their larger problems (e.g. wanting to skip already downloaded files) to a specific request (e.g. requesting us to look whether the file exists before downloading the info page). However, what often happens is that they break down the problem into two steps: One simple, and one impossible (or extremely complicated one).
  789. We are then presented with a very complicated request when the original problem could be solved far easier, e.g. by recording the downloaded video IDs in a separate file. To avoid this, you must include the greater context where it is non-obvious. In particular, every feature request that does not consist of adding support for a new site should contain a use case scenario that explains in what situation the missing feature would be useful.
  790. ### Does the issue involve one problem, and one problem only?
  791. Some of our users seem to think there is a limit of issues they can or should open. There is no limit of issues they can or should open. While it may seem appealing to be able to dump all your issues into one ticket, that means that someone who solves one of your issues cannot mark the issue as closed. Typically, reporting a bunch of issues leads to the ticket lingering since nobody wants to attack that behemoth, until someone mercifully splits the issue into multiple ones.
  792. In particular, every site support request issue should only pertain to services at one site (generally under a common domain, but always using the same backend technology). Do not request support for vimeo user videos, Whitehouse podcasts, and Google Plus pages in the same issue. Also, make sure that you don't post bug reports alongside feature requests. As a rule of thumb, a feature request does not include outputs of youtube-dl that are not immediately related to the feature at hand. Do not post reports of a network error alongside the request for a new video service.
  793. ### Is anyone going to need the feature?
  794. Only post features that you (or an incapacitated friend you can personally talk to) require. Do not post features because they seem like a good idea. If they are really useful, they will be requested by someone who requires them.
  795. ### Is your question about youtube-dl?
  796. It may sound strange, but some bug reports we receive are completely unrelated to youtube-dl and relate to a different or even the reporter's own application. Please make sure that you are actually using youtube-dl. If you are using a UI for youtube-dl, report the bug to the maintainer of the actual application providing the UI. On the other hand, if your UI for youtube-dl fails in some way you believe is related to youtube-dl, by all means, go ahead and report the bug.
  797. # COPYRIGHT
  798. youtube-dl is released into the public domain by the copyright holders.
  799. This README file was originally written by [Daniel Bolton](https://github.com/dbbolton) and is likewise released into the public domain.