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package types
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"strings"
"sync"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/bits"
tmproto "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/proto/tendermint/types"
)
const (
// MaxVotesCount is the maximum number of votes in a set. Used in ValidateBasic funcs for
// protection against DOS attacks. Note this implies a corresponding equal limit to
// the number of validators.
MaxVotesCount = 10000
)
// UNSTABLE
// XXX: duplicate of p2p.ID to avoid dependence between packages.
// Perhaps we can have a minimal types package containing this (and other things?)
// that both `types` and `p2p` import ?
type P2PID string
/*
VoteSet helps collect signatures from validators at each height+round for a
predefined vote type.
We need VoteSet to be able to keep track of conflicting votes when validators
double-sign. Yet, we can't keep track of *all* the votes seen, as that could
be a DoS attack vector.
There are two storage areas for votes.
1. voteSet.votes
2. voteSet.votesByBlock
`.votes` is the "canonical" list of votes. It always has at least one vote,
if a vote from a validator had been seen at all. Usually it keeps track of
the first vote seen, but when a 2/3 majority is found, votes for that get
priority and are copied over from `.votesByBlock`.
`.votesByBlock` keeps track of a list of votes for a particular block. There
are two ways a &blockVotes{} gets created in `.votesByBlock`.
1. the first vote seen by a validator was for the particular block.
2. a peer claims to have seen 2/3 majority for the particular block.
Since the first vote from a validator will always get added in `.votesByBlock`
, all votes in `.votes` will have a corresponding entry in `.votesByBlock`.
When a &blockVotes{} in `.votesByBlock` reaches a 2/3 majority quorum, its
votes are copied into `.votes`.
All this is memory bounded because conflicting votes only get added if a peer
told us to track that block, each peer only gets to tell us 1 such block, and,
there's only a limited number of peers.
NOTE: Assumes that the sum total of voting power does not exceed MaxUInt64.
*/
type VoteSet struct {
chainID string
height int64
round int32
signedMsgType tmproto.SignedMsgType
valSet *ValidatorSet
mtx sync.Mutex
votesBitArray *bits.BitArray
votes []*Vote // Primary votes to share
sum int64 // Sum of voting power for seen votes, discounting conflicts
maj23 *BlockID // First 2/3 majority seen
votesByBlock map[string]*blockVotes // string(blockHash|blockParts) -> blockVotes
peerMaj23s map[P2PID]BlockID // Maj23 for each peer
}
// Constructs a new VoteSet struct used to accumulate votes for given height/round.
func NewVoteSet(chainID string, height int64, round int32,
signedMsgType tmproto.SignedMsgType, valSet *ValidatorSet) *VoteSet {
if height == 0 {
panic("Cannot make VoteSet for height == 0, doesn't make sense.")
}
return &VoteSet{
chainID: chainID,
height: height,
round: round,
signedMsgType: signedMsgType,
valSet: valSet,
votesBitArray: bits.NewBitArray(valSet.Size()),
votes: make([]*Vote, valSet.Size()),
sum: 0,
maj23: nil,
votesByBlock: make(map[string]*blockVotes, valSet.Size()),
peerMaj23s: make(map[P2PID]BlockID),
}
}
func (voteSet *VoteSet) ChainID() string {
return voteSet.chainID
}
// Implements VoteSetReader.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) GetHeight() int64 {
if voteSet == nil {
return 0
}
return voteSet.height
}
// Implements VoteSetReader.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) GetRound() int32 {
if voteSet == nil {
return -1
}
return voteSet.round
}
// Implements VoteSetReader.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) Type() byte {
if voteSet == nil {
return 0x00
}
return byte(voteSet.signedMsgType)
}
// Implements VoteSetReader.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) Size() int {
if voteSet == nil {
return 0
}
return voteSet.valSet.Size()
}
// Returns added=true if vote is valid and new.
// Otherwise returns err=ErrVote[
// UnexpectedStep | InvalidIndex | InvalidAddress |
// InvalidSignature | InvalidBlockHash | ConflictingVotes ]
// Duplicate votes return added=false, err=nil.
// Conflicting votes return added=*, err=ErrVoteConflictingVotes.
// NOTE: vote should not be mutated after adding.
// NOTE: VoteSet must not be nil
// NOTE: Vote must not be nil
func (voteSet *VoteSet) AddVote(vote *Vote) (added bool, err error) {
if voteSet == nil {
panic("AddVote() on nil VoteSet")
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
return voteSet.addVote(vote)
}
// NOTE: Validates as much as possible before attempting to verify the signature.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) addVote(vote *Vote) (added bool, err error) {
if vote == nil {
return false, ErrVoteNil
}
valIndex := vote.ValidatorIndex
valAddr := vote.ValidatorAddress
blockKey := vote.BlockID.Key()
// Ensure that validator index was set
if valIndex < 0 {
return false, fmt.Errorf("index < 0: %w", ErrVoteInvalidValidatorIndex)
} else if len(valAddr) == 0 {
return false, fmt.Errorf("empty address: %w", ErrVoteInvalidValidatorAddress)
}
// Make sure the step matches.
if (vote.Height != voteSet.height) ||
(vote.Round != voteSet.round) ||
(vote.Type != voteSet.signedMsgType) {
return false, fmt.Errorf("expected %d/%d/%d, but got %d/%d/%d: %w",
voteSet.height, voteSet.round, voteSet.signedMsgType,
vote.Height, vote.Round, vote.Type, ErrVoteUnexpectedStep)
}
// Ensure that signer is a validator.
lookupAddr, val := voteSet.valSet.GetByIndex(valIndex)
if val == nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf(
"cannot find validator %d in valSet of size %d: %w",
valIndex, voteSet.valSet.Size(), ErrVoteInvalidValidatorIndex)
}
// Ensure that the signer has the right address.
if !bytes.Equal(valAddr, lookupAddr) {
return false, fmt.Errorf(
"vote.ValidatorAddress (%X) does not match address (%X) for vote.ValidatorIndex (%d)\n"+
"Ensure the genesis file is correct across all validators: %w",
valAddr, lookupAddr, valIndex, ErrVoteInvalidValidatorAddress)
}
// If we already know of this vote, return false.
if existing, ok := voteSet.getVote(valIndex, blockKey); ok {
if bytes.Equal(existing.Signature, vote.Signature) {
return false, nil // duplicate
}
return false, fmt.Errorf("existing vote: %v; new vote: %v: %w", existing, vote, ErrVoteNonDeterministicSignature)
}
// Check signature.
if err := vote.Verify(voteSet.chainID, val.PubKey); err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to verify vote with ChainID %s and PubKey %s: %w", voteSet.chainID, val.PubKey, err)
}
// Add vote and get conflicting vote if any.
added, conflicting := voteSet.addVerifiedVote(vote, blockKey, val.VotingPower)
if conflicting != nil {
return added, NewConflictingVoteError(conflicting, vote)
}
if !added {
panic("Expected to add non-conflicting vote")
}
return added, nil
}
// Returns (vote, true) if vote exists for valIndex and blockKey.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) getVote(valIndex int32, blockKey string) (vote *Vote, ok bool) {
if existing := voteSet.votes[valIndex]; existing != nil && existing.BlockID.Key() == blockKey {
return existing, true
}
if existing := voteSet.votesByBlock[blockKey].getByIndex(valIndex); existing != nil {
return existing, true
}
return nil, false
}
// Assumes signature is valid.
// If conflicting vote exists, returns it.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) addVerifiedVote(
vote *Vote,
blockKey string,
votingPower int64,
) (added bool, conflicting *Vote) {
valIndex := vote.ValidatorIndex
// Already exists in voteSet.votes?
if existing := voteSet.votes[valIndex]; existing != nil {
if existing.BlockID.Equals(vote.BlockID) {
panic("addVerifiedVote does not expect duplicate votes")
} else {
conflicting = existing
}
// Replace vote if blockKey matches voteSet.maj23.
if voteSet.maj23 != nil && voteSet.maj23.Key() == blockKey {
voteSet.votes[valIndex] = vote
voteSet.votesBitArray.SetIndex(int(valIndex), true)
}
// Otherwise don't add it to voteSet.votes
} else {
// Add to voteSet.votes and incr .sum
voteSet.votes[valIndex] = vote
voteSet.votesBitArray.SetIndex(int(valIndex), true)
voteSet.sum += votingPower
}
votesByBlock, ok := voteSet.votesByBlock[blockKey]
if ok {
if conflicting != nil && !votesByBlock.peerMaj23 {
// There's a conflict and no peer claims that this block is special.
return false, conflicting
}
// We'll add the vote in a bit.
} else {
// .votesByBlock doesn't exist...
if conflicting != nil {
// ... and there's a conflicting vote.
// We're not even tracking this blockKey, so just forget it.
return false, conflicting
}
// ... and there's no conflicting vote.
// Start tracking this blockKey
votesByBlock = newBlockVotes(false, voteSet.valSet.Size())
voteSet.votesByBlock[blockKey] = votesByBlock
// We'll add the vote in a bit.
}
// Before adding to votesByBlock, see if we'll exceed quorum
origSum := votesByBlock.sum
quorum := voteSet.valSet.TotalVotingPower()*2/3 + 1
// Add vote to votesByBlock
votesByBlock.addVerifiedVote(vote, votingPower)
// If we just crossed the quorum threshold and have 2/3 majority...
if origSum < quorum && quorum <= votesByBlock.sum {
// Only consider the first quorum reached
if voteSet.maj23 == nil {
maj23BlockID := vote.BlockID
voteSet.maj23 = &maj23BlockID
// And also copy votes over to voteSet.votes
for i, vote := range votesByBlock.votes {
if vote != nil {
voteSet.votes[i] = vote
}
}
}
}
return true, conflicting
}
// If a peer claims that it has 2/3 majority for given blockKey, call this.
// NOTE: if there are too many peers, or too much peer churn,
// this can cause memory issues.
// TODO: implement ability to remove peers too
// NOTE: VoteSet must not be nil
func (voteSet *VoteSet) SetPeerMaj23(peerID P2PID, blockID BlockID) error {
if voteSet == nil {
panic("SetPeerMaj23() on nil VoteSet")
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
blockKey := blockID.Key()
// Make sure peer hasn't already told us something.
if existing, ok := voteSet.peerMaj23s[peerID]; ok {
if existing.Equals(blockID) {
return nil // Nothing to do
}
return fmt.Errorf("setPeerMaj23: Received conflicting blockID from peer %v. Got %v, expected %v",
peerID, blockID, existing)
}
voteSet.peerMaj23s[peerID] = blockID
// Create .votesByBlock entry if needed.
votesByBlock, ok := voteSet.votesByBlock[blockKey]
if ok {
if votesByBlock.peerMaj23 {
return nil // Nothing to do
}
votesByBlock.peerMaj23 = true
// No need to copy votes, already there.
} else {
votesByBlock = newBlockVotes(true, voteSet.valSet.Size())
voteSet.votesByBlock[blockKey] = votesByBlock
// No need to copy votes, no votes to copy over.
}
return nil
}
// Implements VoteSetReader.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) BitArray() *bits.BitArray {
if voteSet == nil {
return nil
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
return voteSet.votesBitArray.Copy()
}
func (voteSet *VoteSet) BitArrayByBlockID(blockID BlockID) *bits.BitArray {
if voteSet == nil {
return nil
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
votesByBlock, ok := voteSet.votesByBlock[blockID.Key()]
if ok {
return votesByBlock.bitArray.Copy()
}
return nil
}
// NOTE: if validator has conflicting votes, returns "canonical" vote
// Implements VoteSetReader.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) GetByIndex(valIndex int32) *Vote {
if voteSet == nil {
return nil
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
if int(valIndex) >= len(voteSet.votes) {
return nil
}
return voteSet.votes[valIndex]
}
// List returns a copy of the list of votes stored by the VoteSet.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) List() []Vote {
if voteSet == nil || voteSet.votes == nil {
return nil
}
votes := make([]Vote, 0, len(voteSet.votes))
for i := range voteSet.votes {
if voteSet.votes[i] != nil {
votes = append(votes, *voteSet.votes[i])
}
}
return votes
}
func (voteSet *VoteSet) GetByAddress(address []byte) *Vote {
if voteSet == nil {
return nil
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
valIndex, val := voteSet.valSet.GetByAddress(address)
if val == nil {
panic("GetByAddress(address) returned nil")
}
return voteSet.votes[valIndex]
}
func (voteSet *VoteSet) HasTwoThirdsMajority() bool {
if voteSet == nil {
return false
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
return voteSet.maj23 != nil
}
// Implements VoteSetReader.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) IsCommit() bool {
if voteSet == nil {
return false
}
if voteSet.signedMsgType != tmproto.PrecommitType {
return false
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
return voteSet.maj23 != nil
}
func (voteSet *VoteSet) HasTwoThirdsAny() bool {
if voteSet == nil {
return false
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
return voteSet.sum > voteSet.valSet.TotalVotingPower()*2/3
}
func (voteSet *VoteSet) HasAll() bool {
if voteSet == nil {
return false
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
return voteSet.sum == voteSet.valSet.TotalVotingPower()
}
// If there was a +2/3 majority for blockID, return blockID and true.
// Else, return the empty BlockID{} and false.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) TwoThirdsMajority() (blockID BlockID, ok bool) {
if voteSet == nil {
return BlockID{}, false
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
if voteSet.maj23 != nil {
return *voteSet.maj23, true
}
return BlockID{}, false
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Strings and JSON
const nilVoteSetString = "nil-VoteSet"
// String returns a string representation of VoteSet.
//
// See StringIndented.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) String() string {
if voteSet == nil {
return nilVoteSetString
}
return voteSet.StringIndented("")
}
// StringIndented returns an indented String.
//
// Height Round Type
// Votes
// Votes bit array
// 2/3+ majority
//
// See Vote#String.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) StringIndented(indent string) string {
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
voteStrings := make([]string, len(voteSet.votes))
for i, vote := range voteSet.votes {
if vote == nil {
voteStrings[i] = nilVoteStr
} else {
voteStrings[i] = vote.String()
}
}
return fmt.Sprintf(`VoteSet{
%s H:%v R:%v T:%v
%s %v
%s %v
%s %v
%s}`,
indent, voteSet.height, voteSet.round, voteSet.signedMsgType,
indent, strings.Join(voteStrings, "\n"+indent+" "),
indent, voteSet.votesBitArray,
indent, voteSet.peerMaj23s,
indent)
}
// Marshal the VoteSet to JSON. Same as String(), just in JSON,
// and without the height/round/signedMsgType (since its already included in the votes).
func (voteSet *VoteSet) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
return json.Marshal(VoteSetJSON{
voteSet.voteStrings(),
voteSet.bitArrayString(),
voteSet.peerMaj23s,
})
}
// More human readable JSON of the vote set
// NOTE: insufficient for unmarshaling from (compressed votes)
// TODO: make the peerMaj23s nicer to read (eg just the block hash)
type VoteSetJSON struct {
Votes []string `json:"votes"`
VotesBitArray string `json:"votes_bit_array"`
PeerMaj23s map[P2PID]BlockID `json:"peer_maj_23s"`
}
// Return the bit-array of votes including
// the fraction of power that has voted like:
// "BA{29:xx__x__x_x___x__x_______xxx__} 856/1304 = 0.66"
func (voteSet *VoteSet) BitArrayString() string {
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
return voteSet.bitArrayString()
}
func (voteSet *VoteSet) bitArrayString() string {
bAString := voteSet.votesBitArray.String()
voted, total, fracVoted := voteSet.sumTotalFrac()
return fmt.Sprintf("%s %d/%d = %.2f", bAString, voted, total, fracVoted)
}
// Returns a list of votes compressed to more readable strings.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) VoteStrings() []string {
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
return voteSet.voteStrings()
}
func (voteSet *VoteSet) voteStrings() []string {
voteStrings := make([]string, len(voteSet.votes))
for i, vote := range voteSet.votes {
if vote == nil {
voteStrings[i] = nilVoteStr
} else {
voteStrings[i] = vote.String()
}
}
return voteStrings
}
// StringShort returns a short representation of VoteSet.
//
// 1. height
// 2. round
// 3. signed msg type
// 4. first 2/3+ majority
// 5. fraction of voted power
// 6. votes bit array
// 7. 2/3+ majority for each peer
func (voteSet *VoteSet) StringShort() string {
if voteSet == nil {
return nilVoteSetString
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
_, _, frac := voteSet.sumTotalFrac()
return fmt.Sprintf(`VoteSet{H:%v R:%v T:%v +2/3:%v(%v) %v %v}`,
voteSet.height, voteSet.round, voteSet.signedMsgType, voteSet.maj23, frac, voteSet.votesBitArray, voteSet.peerMaj23s)
}
// LogString produces a logging suitable string representation of the
// vote set.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) LogString() string {
if voteSet == nil {
return nilVoteSetString
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
voted, total, frac := voteSet.sumTotalFrac()
return fmt.Sprintf("Votes:%d/%d(%.3f)", voted, total, frac)
}
// return the power voted, the total, and the fraction
func (voteSet *VoteSet) sumTotalFrac() (int64, int64, float64) {
voted, total := voteSet.sum, voteSet.valSet.TotalVotingPower()
fracVoted := float64(voted) / float64(total)
return voted, total, fracVoted
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Commit
// MakeCommit constructs a Commit from the VoteSet. It only includes precommits
// for the block, which has 2/3+ majority, and nil.
//
// Panics if the vote type is not PrecommitType or if there's no +2/3 votes for
// a single block.
func (voteSet *VoteSet) MakeCommit() *Commit {
if voteSet.signedMsgType != tmproto.PrecommitType {
panic("Cannot MakeCommit() unless VoteSet.Type is PrecommitType")
}
voteSet.mtx.Lock()
defer voteSet.mtx.Unlock()
// Make sure we have a 2/3 majority
if voteSet.maj23 == nil {
panic("Cannot MakeCommit() unless a blockhash has +2/3")
}
// For every validator, get the precommit
commitSigs := make([]CommitSig, len(voteSet.votes))
for i, v := range voteSet.votes {
commitSig := v.CommitSig()
// if block ID exists but doesn't match, exclude sig
if commitSig.ForBlock() && !v.BlockID.Equals(*voteSet.maj23) {
commitSig = NewCommitSigAbsent()
}
commitSigs[i] = commitSig
}
return NewCommit(voteSet.GetHeight(), voteSet.GetRound(), *voteSet.maj23, commitSigs)
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*
Votes for a particular block
There are two ways a *blockVotes gets created for a blockKey.
1. first (non-conflicting) vote of a validator w/ blockKey (peerMaj23=false)
2. A peer claims to have a 2/3 majority w/ blockKey (peerMaj23=true)
*/
type blockVotes struct {
peerMaj23 bool // peer claims to have maj23
bitArray *bits.BitArray // valIndex -> hasVote?
votes []*Vote // valIndex -> *Vote
sum int64 // vote sum
}
func newBlockVotes(peerMaj23 bool, numValidators int) *blockVotes {
return &blockVotes{
peerMaj23: peerMaj23,
bitArray: bits.NewBitArray(numValidators),
votes: make([]*Vote, numValidators),
sum: 0,
}
}
func (vs *blockVotes) addVerifiedVote(vote *Vote, votingPower int64) {
valIndex := vote.ValidatorIndex
if existing := vs.votes[valIndex]; existing == nil {
vs.bitArray.SetIndex(int(valIndex), true)
vs.votes[valIndex] = vote
vs.sum += votingPower
}
}
func (vs *blockVotes) getByIndex(index int32) *Vote {
if vs == nil {
return nil
}
return vs.votes[index]
}
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Common interface between *consensus.VoteSet and types.Commit
type VoteSetReader interface {
GetHeight() int64
GetRound() int32
Type() byte
Size() int
BitArray() *bits.BitArray
GetByIndex(int32) *Vote
IsCommit() bool
}