Block Structure

The tendermint consensus engine records all agreements by a supermajority of nodes into a blockchain, which is replicated among all nodes. This blockchain is accessible via various rpc endpoints, mainly /block?height= to get the full block, as well as /blockchain?minHeight=_&maxHeight=_ to get a list of headers. But what exactly is stored in these blocks?

The specification contains a detailed description of each component - that's the best place to get started.