tendermint/CHANGELOG.md

Changelog

Roadmap

BREAKING CHANGES:

• Better support for injecting randomness
• Upgrade consensus for more real-time use of evidence

FEATURES:

• Use the chain as its own CA for nodes and validators
• Tooling to run multiple blockchains/apps, possibly in a single process
• State syncing (without transaction replay)
• Add authentication and rate-limitting to the RPC

IMPROVEMENTS:

• Improve subtleties around mempool caching and logic
• Consensus optimizations:
  • cache block parts for faster agreement after round changes
  • propagate block parts rarest first
• Better testing of the consensus state machine (ie. use a DSL)
• Auto compiled serialization/deserialization code instead of go-wire reflection

BUG FIXES:

• Graceful handling/recovery for apps that have non-determinism or fail to halt
• Graceful handling/recovery for violations of safety, or liveness

0.18.0 (April 6th, 2018)

BREAKING:

• [types] Merkle tree uses different encoding for varints (see tmlibs v0.8.0)
• [types] ValidtorSet.GetByAddress returns -1 if no validator found
• [p2p] require all addresses come with an ID no matter what
• [rpc] Listening address must contain tcp:// or unix:// prefix

FEATURES:

• [rpc] StartHTTPAndTLSServer (not used yet)
• [rpc] Include validator's voting power in /status
• [rpc] /tx and /tx_search responses now include the transaction hash
• [rpc] Include peer NodeIDs in /net_info

IMPROVEMENTS:

• [config] trim whitespace from elements of lists (like persistent_peers)
• [rpc] /tx_search results are sorted by height
• [p2p] do not try to connect to ourselves (ok, maybe only once)
• [p2p] seeds respond with a bias towards good peers

BUG FIXES:

• [rpc] fix subscribing using an abci.ResponseDeliverTx tag
• [rpc] fix tx_indexers matchRange
• [rpc] fix unsubscribing (see tmlibs v0.8.0)

0.17.1 (March 27th, 2018)

BUG FIXES:

• [types] Actually support app_state in genesis as AppStateJSON

0.17.0 (March 27th, 2018)

BREAKING:

• [types] WriteSignBytes -> SignBytes

IMPROVEMENTS:

• [all] renamed dummy (persistent_dummy) to kvstore (persistent_kvstore) (name "dummy" is deprecated and will not work in the next breaking release)
• [docs] note on determinism (docs/determinism.rst)
• [genesis] app_options field is deprecated. please rename it to app_state in your genesis file(s). app_options will not work in the next breaking release
• [p2p] dial seeds directly without potential peers
• [p2p] exponential backoff for addrs in the address book
• [p2p] mark peer as good if it contributed enough votes or block parts
• [p2p] stop peer if it sends incorrect data, msg to unknown channel, msg we did not expect
• [p2p] when auth_enc is true, all dialed peers must have a node ID in their address
• [spec] various improvements
• switched from glide to dep internally for package management
• [wire] prep work for upgrading to new go-wire (which is now called go-amino)

FEATURES:

• [config] exposed auth_enc flag to enable/disable encryption
• [config] added the --p2p.private_peer_ids flag and PrivatePeerIDs config variable (see config for description)
• [rpc] added /health endpoint, which returns empty result for now
• [types/priv_validator] new format and socket client, allowing for remote signing

BUG FIXES:

• [consensus] fix liveness bug by introducing ValidBlock mechanism

0.16.0 (February 20th, 2018)

BREAKING CHANGES:

• [config] use $TMHOME/config for all config and json files
• [p2p] old --p2p.seeds is now --p2p.persistent_peers (persistent peers to which TM will always connect to)
• [p2p] now --p2p.seeds only used for getting addresses (if addrbook is empty; not persistent)
• [p2p] NodeInfo: remove RemoteAddr and add Channels
  • we must have at least one overlapping channel with peer
  • we only send msgs for channels the peer advertised
• [p2p/conn] pong timeout
• [lite] comment out IAVL related code

FEATURES:

• [p2p] added new /dial_peers&persistent=_ unsafe endpoint
• [p2p] persistent node key in $THMHOME/config/node_key.json
• [p2p] introduce peer ID and authenticate peers by ID using addresses like ID@IP:PORT
• [p2p/pex] new seed mode crawls the network and serves as a seed.
• [config] MempoolConfig.CacheSize
• [config] P2P.SeedMode (--p2p.seed_mode)

IMPROVEMENT:

• [p2p/pex] stricter rules in the PEX reactor for better handling of abuse
• [p2p] various improvements to code structure including subpackages for pex and conn
• [docs] new spec!
• [all] speed up the tests!

BUG FIX:

• [blockchain] StopPeerForError on timeout
• [consensus] StopPeerForError on a bad Maj23 message
• [state] flush mempool conn before calling commit
• [types] fix priv val signing things that only differ by timestamp
• [mempool] fix memory leak causing zombie peers
• [p2p/conn] fix potential deadlock

0.15.0 (December 29, 2017)

BREAKING CHANGES:

• [p2p] enable the Peer Exchange reactor by default
• [types] add Timestamp field to Proposal/Vote
• [types] add new fields to Header: TotalTxs, ConsensusParamsHash, LastResultsHash, EvidenceHash
• [types] add Evidence to Block
• [types] simplify ValidateBasic
• [state] updates to support changes to the header
• [state] Enforce <1/3 of validator set can change at a time

FEATURES:

• [state] Send indices of absent validators and addresses of byzantine validators in BeginBlock
• [state] Historical ConsensusParams and ABCIResponses
• [docs] Specification for the base Tendermint data structures.
• [evidence] New evidence reactor for gossiping and managing evidence
• [rpc] /block_results?height=X returns the DeliverTx results for a given height.

IMPROVEMENTS:

• [consensus] Better handling of corrupt WAL file

BUG FIXES:

• [lite] fix race
• [state] validate block.Header.ValidatorsHash
• [p2p] allow seed addresses to be prefixed with eg. tcp://
• [p2p] use consistent key to refer to peers so we dont try to connect to existing peers
• [cmd] fix tendermint init to ignore files that are there and generate files that aren't.

0.14.0 (December 11, 2017)

BREAKING CHANGES:

• consensus/wal: removed separator
• rpc/client: changed Subscribe/Unsubscribe/UnsubscribeAll funcs signatures to be identical to event bus.

FEATURES:

• new tendermint lite command (and lite/proxy pkg) for running a light-client RPC proxy. NOTE it is currently insecure and its APIs are not yet covered by semver

IMPROVEMENTS:

• rpc/client: can act as event bus subscriber (See https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/issues/945).
• p2p: use exponential backoff from seconds to hours when attempting to reconnect to persistent peer
• config: moniker defaults to the machine's hostname instead of "anonymous"

BUG FIXES:

• p2p: no longer exit if one of the seed addresses is incorrect

0.13.0 (December 6, 2017)

BREAKING CHANGES:

• abci: update to v0.8 using gogo/protobuf; includes tx tags, vote info in RequestBeginBlock, data.Bytes everywhere, use int64, etc.
• types: block heights are now int64 everywhere
• types & node: EventSwitch and EventCache have been replaced by EventBus and EventBuffer; event types have been overhauled
• node: EventSwitch methods now refer to EventBus
• rpc/lib/types: RPCResponse is no longer a pointer; WSRPCConnection interface has been modified
• rpc/client: WaitForOneEvent takes an EventsClient instead of types.EventSwitch
• rpc/client: Add/RemoveListenerForEvent are now Subscribe/Unsubscribe
• rpc/core/types: ResultABCIQuery wraps an abci.ResponseQuery
• rpc: /subscribe and /unsubscribe take query arg instead of event
• rpc: /status returns the LatestBlockTime in human readable form instead of in nanoseconds
• mempool: cached transactions return an error instead of an ABCI response with BadNonce

FEATURES:

• rpc: new /unsubscribe_all WebSocket RPC endpoint
• rpc: new /tx_search endpoint for filtering transactions by more complex queries
• p2p/trust: new trust metric for tracking peers. See ADR-006
• config: TxIndexConfig allows to set what DeliverTx tags to index

IMPROVEMENTS:

• New asynchronous events system using tmlibs/pubsub
• logging: Various small improvements
• consensus: Graceful shutdown when app crashes
• tests: Fix various non-deterministic errors
• p2p: more defensive programming

BUG FIXES:

• consensus: fix panic where prs.ProposalBlockParts is not initialized
• p2p: fix panic on bad channel

0.12.1 (November 27, 2017)

BUG FIXES:

• upgrade tmlibs dependency to enable Windows builds for Tendermint

0.12.0 (October 27, 2017)

BREAKING CHANGES:

• rpc/client: websocket ResultsCh and ErrorsCh unified in ResponsesCh.
• rpc/client: ABCIQuery no longer takes prove
• state: remove GenesisDoc from state.
• consensus: new binary WAL format provides efficiency and uses checksums to detect corruption
  • use scripts/wal2json to convert to json for debugging

FEATURES:

• new certifiers pkg contains the tendermint light-client library (name subject to change)!
• rpc: /genesis includes the app_options .
• rpc: /abci_query takes an additional height parameter to support historical queries.
• rpc/client: new ABCIQueryWithOptions supports options like trusted (set false to get a proof) and height to query a historical height.

IMPROVEMENTS:

• rpc: /genesis result includes app_options
• rpc/lib/client: add jitter to reconnects.
• rpc/lib/types: RPCError satisfies the error interface.

BUG FIXES:

• rpc/client: fix ws deadlock after stopping
• blockchain: fix panic on AddBlock when peer is nil
• mempool: fix sending on TxsAvailable when a tx has been invalidated
• consensus: dont run WAL catchup if we fast synced

0.11.1 (October 10, 2017)

IMPROVEMENTS:

• blockchain/reactor: respondWithNoResponseMessage for missing height

BUG FIXES:

• rpc: fixed client WebSocket timeout
• rpc: client now resubscribes on reconnection
• rpc: fix panics on missing params
• rpc: fix /dump_consensus_state to have normal json output (NOTE: technically breaking, but worth a bug fix label)
• types: fixed out of range error in VoteSet.addVote
• consensus: fix wal autofile via https://github.com/tendermint/tmlibs/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#032-october-2-2017

0.11.0 (September 22, 2017)

BREAKING:

• genesis file: validator amount is now power

• abci: Info, BeginBlock, InitChain all take structs

• rpc: various changes to match JSONRPC spec (http://www.jsonrpc.org/specification), including breaking ones:

  • requests that previously returned HTTP code 4XX now return 200 with an error code in the JSONRPC.
  • rpctypes.RPCResponse uses new RPCError type instead of string.

• cmd: if there is no genesis, exit immediately instead of waiting around for one to show.

• types: Signer.Sign returns an error.

• state: every validator set change is persisted to disk, which required some changes to the State structure.

• p2p: new p2p.Peer interface used for all reactor methods (instead of *p2p.Peer struct).

FEATURES:

• rpc: /validators?height=X allows querying of validators at previous heights.
• rpc: Leaving the height param empty for /block, /validators, and /commit will return the value for the latest height.

IMPROVEMENTS:

• docs: Moved all docs from the website and tools repo in, converted to .rst, and cleaned up for presentation on tendermint.readthedocs.io

BUG FIXES:

• fix WAL openning issue on Windows

0.10.4 (September 5, 2017)

IMPROVEMENTS:

• docs: Added Slate docs to each rpc function (see rpc/core)
• docs: Ported all website docs to Read The Docs
• config: expose some p2p params to tweak performance: RecvRate, SendRate, and MaxMsgPacketPayloadSize
• rpc: Upgrade the websocket client and server, including improved auto reconnect, and proper ping/pong

BUG FIXES:

• consensus: fix panic on getVoteBitArray
• consensus: hang instead of panicking on byzantine consensus failures
• cmd: dont load config for version command

0.10.3 (August 10, 2017)

FEATURES:

• control over empty block production:
  • new flag, --consensus.create_empty_blocks; when set to false, blocks are only created when there are txs or when the AppHash changes.
  • new config option, consensus.create_empty_blocks_interval; an empty block is created after this many seconds.
  • in normal operation, create_empty_blocks = true and create_empty_blocks_interval = 0, so blocks are being created all the time (as in all previous versions of tendermint). The number of empty blocks can be reduced by increasing create_empty_blocks_interval or by setting create_empty_blocks = false.
  • new TxsAvailable() method added to Mempool that returns a channel which fires when txs are available.
  • new heartbeat message added to consensus reactor to notify peers that a node is waiting for txs before entering propose step.
• rpc: Add syncing field to response returned by /status. Is true while in fast-sync mode.

IMPROVEMENTS:

• various improvements to documentation and code comments

BUG FIXES:

• mempool: pass height into constructor so it doesn't always start at 0

0.10.2 (July 10, 2017)

FEATURES:

• Enable lower latency block commits by adding consensus reactor sleep durations and p2p flush throttle timeout to the config

IMPROVEMENTS:

• More detailed logging in the consensus reactor and state machine
• More in-code documentation for many exposed functions, especially in consensus/reactor.go and p2p/switch.go
• Improved readability for some function definitions and code blocks with long lines

0.10.1 (June 28, 2017)

FEATURES:

• Use --trace to get stack traces for logged errors
• types: GenesisDoc.ValidatorHash returns the hash of the genesis validator set
• types: GenesisDocFromFile parses a GenesiDoc from a JSON file

IMPROVEMENTS:

• Add a Code of Conduct
• Variety of improvements as suggested by megacheck tool
• rpc: deduplicate tests between rpc/client and rpc/tests
• rpc: addresses without a protocol prefix default to tcp://. http:// is also accepted as an alias for tcp://
• cmd: commands are more easily reuseable from other tools
• DOCKER: automate build/push

BUG FIXES:

• Fix log statements using keys with spaces (logger does not currently support spaces)
• rpc: set logger on websocket connection
• rpc: fix ws connection stability by setting write deadline on pings

0.10.0 (June 2, 2017)

Includes major updates to configuration, logging, and json serialization. Also includes the Grand Repo-Merge of 2017.

BREAKING CHANGES:

• Config and Flags:

  • The config map is replaced with a Config struct, containing substructs: BaseConfig, P2PConfig, MempoolConfig, ConsensusConfig, RPCConfig
  • This affects the following flags:
    • --seeds is now --p2p.seeds
    • --node_laddr is now --p2p.laddr
    • --pex is now --p2p.pex
    • --skip_upnp is now --p2p.skip_upnp
    • --rpc_laddr is now --rpc.laddr
    • --grpc_laddr is now --rpc.grpc_laddr
  • Any configuration option now within a substract must come under that heading in the config.toml, for instance:

    [p2p]
    laddr="tcp://1.2.3.4:46656"
    
    [consensus]
    timeout_propose=1000
    

  • Use viper and DefaultConfig() / TestConfig() functions to handle defaults, and remove config/tendermint and config/tendermint_test
  • Change some function and method signatures to
  • Change some function and method signatures accomodate new config

• Logger

  • Replace static log15 logger with a simple interface, and provide a new implementation using go-kit. See our new logging library and blog post for more details
  • Levels warn and notice are removed (you may need to change them in your config.toml!)
  • Change some function and method signatures to accept a logger

• JSON serialization:

  • Replace [TypeByte, Xxx] with {"type": "some-type", "data": Xxx} in RPC and all .json files by using go-wire/data. For instance, a public key is now:

    "pub_key": {
      "type": "ed25519",
      "data": "83DDF8775937A4A12A2704269E2729FCFCD491B933C4B0A7FFE37FE41D7760D0"
    }
    

  • Remove type information about RPC responses, so [TypeByte, {"jsonrpc": "2.0", ... }] is now just {"jsonrpc": "2.0", ... }
  • Change []byte to data.Bytes in all serialized types (for hex encoding)
  • Lowercase the JSON tags in ValidatorSet fields
  • Introduce EventDataInner for serializing events

• Other:

  • Send InitChain message in handshake if appBlockHeight == 0
  • Do not include the Accum field when computing the validator hash. This makes the ValidatorSetHash unique for a given validator set, rather than changing with every block (as the Accum changes)
  • Unsafe RPC calls are not enabled by default. This includes /dial_seeds, and all calls prefixed with unsafe. Use the --rpc.unsafe flag to enable.

FEATURES:

• Per-module log levels. For instance, the new default is state:info,*:error, which means the state package logs at info level, and everything else logs at error level
• Log if a node is validator or not in every consensus round
• Use ldflags to set git hash as part of the version
• Ignore address and pub_key fields in priv_validator.json and overwrite them with the values derrived from the priv_key

IMPROVEMENTS:

• Merge tendermint/go-p2p -> tendermint/tendermint/p2p and tendermint/go-rpc -> tendermint/tendermint/rpc/lib
• Update paths for grand repo merge:
  • go-common -> tmlibs/common
  • go-data -> go-wire/data
  • All other go- libs, except go-crypto and go-wire, are merged under tmlibs
• No global loggers (loggers are passed into constructors, or preferably set with a SetLogger method)
• Return HTTP status codes with errors for RPC responses
• Limit /blockchain_info call to return a maximum of 20 blocks
• Use .Wrap() and .Unwrap() instead of eg. PubKeyS for go-crypto types
• RPC JSON responses use pretty printing (via json.MarshalIndent)
• Color code different instances of the consensus for tests
• Isolate viper to cmd/tendermint/commands and do not read config from file for tests

0.9.2 (April 26, 2017)

BUG FIXES:

• Fix bug in ResetPrivValidator where we were using the global config and log (causing external consumers, eg. basecoin, to fail).

0.9.1 (April 21, 2017)

FEATURES:

• Transaction indexing - txs are indexed by their hash using a simple key-value store; easily extended to more advanced indexers
• New /tx?hash=X endpoint to query for transactions and their DeliverTx result by hash. Optionally returns a proof of the tx's inclusion in the block
• tendermint testnet command initializes files for a testnet

IMPROVEMENTS:

• CLI now uses Cobra framework
• TMROOT is now TMHOME (TMROOT will stop working in 0.10.0)
• /broadcast_tx_XXX also returns the Hash (can be used to query for the tx)
• /broadcast_tx_commit also returns the height the block was committed in
• ABCIResponses struct persisted to disk before calling Commit; makes handshake replay much cleaner
• WAL uses #ENDHEIGHT instead of #HEIGHT (#HEIGHT will stop working in 0.10.0)
• Peers included via --seeds, under seeds in the config, or in /dial_seeds are now persistent, and will be reconnected to if the connection breaks

BUG FIXES:

• Fix bug in fast-sync where we stop syncing after a peer is removed, even if they're re-added later
• Fix handshake replay to handle validator set changes and results of DeliverTx when we crash after app.Commit but before state.Save()

0.9.0 (March 6, 2017)

BREAKING CHANGES:

• Update ABCI to v0.4.0, where Query is now Query(RequestQuery) ResponseQuery, enabling precise proofs at particular heights:

message RequestQuery{
	bytes data = 1;
	string path = 2;
	uint64 height = 3;
	bool prove = 4;
}

message ResponseQuery{
	CodeType          code        = 1;
	int64             index       = 2;
	bytes             key         = 3;
	bytes             value       = 4;
	bytes             proof       = 5;
	uint64            height      = 6;
	string            log         = 7;
}

• BlockMeta data type unifies its Hash and PartSetHash under a BlockID:

type BlockMeta struct {
	BlockID BlockID `json:"block_id"` // the block hash and partsethash
	Header  *Header `json:"header"`   // The block's Header
}

• ValidatorSet.Proposer is exposed as a field and persisted with the State. Use GetProposer() to initialize or update after validator-set changes.

• tendermint gen_validator command output is now pure JSON

FEATURES:

• New RPC endpoint /commit?height=X returns header and commit for block at height X
• Client API for each endpoint, including mocks for testing

IMPROVEMENTS:

• Node is now a BaseService
• Simplified starting Tendermint in-process from another application
• Better organized Makefile
• Scripts for auto-building binaries across platforms
• Docker image improved, slimmed down (using Alpine), and changed from tendermint/tmbase to tendermint/tendermint
• New repo files: CONTRIBUTING.md, Github ISSUE_TEMPLATE, CHANGELOG.md
• Improvements on CircleCI for managing build/test artifacts
• Handshake replay is doen through the consensus package, possibly using a mockApp
• Graceful shutdown of RPC listeners
• Tests for the PEX reactor and DialSeeds

BUG FIXES:

• Check peer.Send for failure before updating PeerState in consensus
• Fix panic in /dial_seeds with invalid addresses
• Fix proposer selection logic in ValidatorSet by taking the address into account in the accumComparable
• Fix inconcistencies with ValidatorSet.Proposer across restarts by persisting it in the State

0.8.0 (January 13, 2017)

BREAKING CHANGES:

• New data type BlockID to represent blocks:

type BlockID struct {
	Hash        []byte        `json:"hash"`
	PartsHeader PartSetHeader `json:"parts"`
}

• Vote data type now includes validator address and index:

type Vote struct {
	ValidatorAddress []byte           `json:"validator_address"`
	ValidatorIndex   int              `json:"validator_index"`
	Height           int              `json:"height"`
	Round            int              `json:"round"`
	Type             byte             `json:"type"`
	BlockID          BlockID          `json:"block_id"` // zero if vote is nil.
	Signature        crypto.Signature `json:"signature"`
}

• Update TMSP to v0.3.0, where it is now called ABCI and AppendTx is DeliverTx
• Hex strings in the RPC are now "0x" prefixed

FEATURES:

• New message type on the ConsensusReactor, Maj23Msg, for peers to alert others they've seen a Maj23, in order to track and handle conflicting votes intelligently to prevent Byzantine faults from causing halts:

type VoteSetMaj23Message struct {
	Height  int
	Round   int
	Type    byte
	BlockID types.BlockID
}

• Configurable block part set size
• Validator set changes
• Optionally skip TimeoutCommit if we have all the votes
• Handshake between Tendermint and App on startup to sync latest state and ensure consistent recovery from crashes
• GRPC server for BroadcastTx endpoint

IMPROVEMENTS:

• Less verbose logging
• Better test coverage (37% -> 49%)
• Canonical SignBytes for signable types
• Write-Ahead Log for Mempool and Consensus via tmlibs/autofile
• Better in-process testing for the consensus reactor and byzantine faults
• Better crash/restart testing for individual nodes at preset failure points, and of networks at arbitrary points
• Better abstraction over timeout mechanics

BUG FIXES:

• Fix memory leak in mempool peer
• Fix panic on POLRound=-1
• Actually set the CommitTime
• Actually send BeginBlock message
• Fix a liveness issues caused by Byzantine proposals/votes. Uses the new Maj23Msg.

0.7.4 (December 14, 2016)

FEATURES:

• Enable the Peer Exchange reactor with the --pex flag for more resilient gossip network (feature still in development, beware dragons)

IMPROVEMENTS:

• Remove restrictions on RPC endpoint /dial_seeds to enable manual network configuration

0.7.3 (October 20, 2016)

IMPROVEMENTS:

• Type safe FireEvent
• More WAL/replay tests
• Cleanup some docs

BUG FIXES:

• Fix deadlock in mempool for synchronous apps
• Replay handles non-empty blocks
• Fix race condition in HeightVoteSet

0.7.2 (September 11, 2016)

BUG FIXES:

• Set mustConnect=false so tendermint will retry connecting to the app

0.7.1 (September 10, 2016)

FEATURES:

• New TMSP connection for Query/Info
• New RPC endpoints:
  • tmsp_query
  • tmsp_info
• Allow application to filter peers through Query (off by default)

IMPROVEMENTS:

• TMSP connection type enforced at compile time
• All listen/client urls use a "tcp://" or "unix://" prefix

BUG FIXES:

• Save LastSignature/LastSignBytes to priv_validator.json for recovery
• Fix event unsubscribe
• Fix fastsync/blockchain reactor

0.7.0 (August 7, 2016)

BREAKING CHANGES:

• Strict SemVer starting now!
• Update to ABCI v0.2.0
• Validation types now called Commit
• NewBlock event only returns the block header

FEATURES:

• TMSP and RPC support TCP and UNIX sockets
• Addition config options including block size and consensus parameters
• New WAL mode cswal_light; logs only the validator's own votes
• New RPC endpoints:
  • for starting/stopping profilers, and for updating config
  • /broadcast_tx_commit, returns when tx is included in a block, else an error
  • /unsafe_flush_mempool, empties the mempool

IMPROVEMENTS:

• Various optimizations
• Remove bad or invalidated transactions from the mempool cache (allows later duplicates)
• More elaborate testing using CircleCI including benchmarking throughput on 4 digitalocean droplets

BUG FIXES:

• Various fixes to WAL and replay logic
• Various race conditions

PreHistory

Strict versioning only began with the release of v0.7.0, in late summer 2016. The project itself began in early summer 2014 and was workable decentralized cryptocurrency software by the end of that year. Through the course of 2015, in collaboration with Eris Industries (now Monax Indsutries), many additional features were integrated, including an implementation from scratch of the Ethereum Virtual Machine. That implementation now forms the heart of Burrow. In the later half of 2015, the consensus algorithm was upgraded with a more asynchronous design and a more deterministic and robust implementation.

By late 2015, frustration with the difficulty of forking a large monolithic stack to create alternative cryptocurrency designs led to the invention of the Application Blockchain Interface (ABCI), then called the Tendermint Socket Protocol (TMSP). The Ethereum Virtual Machine and various other transaction features were removed, and Tendermint was whittled down to a core consensus engine driving an application running in another process. The ABCI interface and implementation were iterated on and improved over the course of 2016, until versioned history kicked in with v0.7.0.