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package node
import (
"bytes"
"context"
"errors"
"fmt"
"net"
"net/http"
_ "net/http/pprof" // nolint: gosec // securely exposed on separate, optional port
"strconv"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
"github.com/rs/cors"
dbm "github.com/tendermint/tm-db"
abci "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/abci/types"
bcv0 "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blockchain/v0"
bcv1 "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blockchain/v1"
bcv2 "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blockchain/v2"
cfg "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/config"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/crypto"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/evidence"
tmjson "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/json"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/log"
tmpubsub "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/pubsub"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/service"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/light"
mempl "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/mempool"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/p2p"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/p2p/pex"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/privval"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/proxy"
rpccore "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/core"
grpccore "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/grpc"
rpcserver "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/jsonrpc/server"
sm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state/indexer"
blockidxkv "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state/indexer/block/kv"
blockidxnull "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state/indexer/block/null"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state/txindex"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state/txindex/kv"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state/txindex/null"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/statesync"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/store"
cs "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/test/maverick/consensus"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
tmtime "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types/time"
"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/version"
)
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ParseMisbehaviors is a util function that converts a comma separated string into
// a map of misbehaviors to be executed by the maverick node
func ParseMisbehaviors(str string) (map[int64]cs.Misbehavior, error) {
// check if string is empty in which case we run a normal node
var misbehaviors = make(map[int64]cs.Misbehavior)
if str == "" {
return misbehaviors, nil
}
strs := strings.Split(str, ",")
if len(strs)%2 != 0 {
return misbehaviors, errors.New("missing either height or misbehavior name in the misbehavior flag")
}
OUTER_LOOP:
for i := 0; i < len(strs); i += 2 {
height, err := strconv.ParseInt(strs[i+1], 10, 64)
if err != nil {
return misbehaviors, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse misbehavior height: %w", err)
}
for key, misbehavior := range cs.MisbehaviorList {
if key == strs[i] {
misbehaviors[height] = misbehavior
continue OUTER_LOOP
}
}
return misbehaviors, fmt.Errorf("received unknown misbehavior: %s. Did you forget to add it?", strs[i])
}
return misbehaviors, nil
}
// DBContext specifies config information for loading a new DB.
type DBContext struct {
ID string
Config *cfg.Config
}
// DBProvider takes a DBContext and returns an instantiated DB.
type DBProvider func(*DBContext) (dbm.DB, error)
// DefaultDBProvider returns a database using the DBBackend and DBDir
// specified in the ctx.Config.
func DefaultDBProvider(ctx *DBContext) (dbm.DB, error) {
dbType := dbm.BackendType(ctx.Config.DBBackend)
return dbm.NewDB(ctx.ID, dbType, ctx.Config.DBDir())
}
// GenesisDocProvider returns a GenesisDoc.
// It allows the GenesisDoc to be pulled from sources other than the
// filesystem, for instance from a distributed key-value store cluster.
type GenesisDocProvider func() (*types.GenesisDoc, error)
// DefaultGenesisDocProviderFunc returns a GenesisDocProvider that loads
// the GenesisDoc from the config.GenesisFile() on the filesystem.
func DefaultGenesisDocProviderFunc(config *cfg.Config) GenesisDocProvider {
return func() (*types.GenesisDoc, error) {
return types.GenesisDocFromFile(config.GenesisFile())
}
}
// Provider takes a config and a logger and returns a ready to go Node.
type Provider func(*cfg.Config, log.Logger) (*Node, error)
// DefaultNewNode returns a Tendermint node with default settings for the
// PrivValidator, ClientCreator, GenesisDoc, and DBProvider.
// It implements NodeProvider.
func DefaultNewNode(config *cfg.Config, logger log.Logger, misbehaviors map[int64]cs.Misbehavior) (*Node, error) {
nodeKey, err := p2p.LoadOrGenNodeKey(config.NodeKeyFile())
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load or gen node key %s, err: %w", config.NodeKeyFile(), err)
}
return NewNode(config,
LoadOrGenFilePV(config.PrivValidatorKeyFile(), config.PrivValidatorStateFile()),
nodeKey,
proxy.DefaultClientCreator(config.ProxyApp, config.ABCI, config.DBDir()),
DefaultGenesisDocProviderFunc(config),
DefaultDBProvider,
DefaultMetricsProvider(config.Instrumentation),
logger,
misbehaviors,
)
}
// MetricsProvider returns a consensus, p2p and mempool Metrics.
type MetricsProvider func(chainID string) (*consensus.Metrics, *p2p.Metrics, *mempl.Metrics, *sm.Metrics)
// DefaultMetricsProvider returns Metrics build using Prometheus client library
// if Prometheus is enabled. Otherwise, it returns no-op Metrics.
func DefaultMetricsProvider(config *cfg.InstrumentationConfig) MetricsProvider {
return func(chainID string) (*consensus.Metrics, *p2p.Metrics, *mempl.Metrics, *sm.Metrics) {
if config.Prometheus {
return consensus.PrometheusMetrics(config.Namespace, "chain_id", chainID),
p2p.PrometheusMetrics(config.Namespace, "chain_id", chainID),
mempl.PrometheusMetrics(config.Namespace, "chain_id", chainID),
sm.PrometheusMetrics(config.Namespace, "chain_id", chainID)
}
return consensus.NopMetrics(), p2p.NopMetrics(), mempl.NopMetrics(), sm.NopMetrics()
}
}
// Option sets a parameter for the node.
type Option func(*Node)
// Temporary interface for switching to fast sync, we should get rid of v0 and v1 reactors.
// See: https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/issues/4595
type fastSyncReactor interface {
SwitchToFastSync(sm.State) error
}
// CustomReactors allows you to add custom reactors (name -> p2p.Reactor) to
// the node's Switch.
//
// WARNING: using any name from the below list of the existing reactors will
// result in replacing it with the custom one.
//
// - MEMPOOL
// - BLOCKCHAIN
// - CONSENSUS
// - EVIDENCE
// - PEX
// - STATESYNC
func CustomReactors(reactors map[string]p2p.Reactor) Option {
return func(n *Node) {
for name, reactor := range reactors {
if existingReactor := n.sw.Reactor(name); existingReactor != nil {
n.sw.Logger.Info("Replacing existing reactor with a custom one",
"name", name, "existing", existingReactor, "custom", reactor)
n.sw.RemoveReactor(name, existingReactor)
}
n.sw.AddReactor(name, reactor)
}
}
}
func CustomReactorsAsConstructors(reactors map[string]func(n *Node) p2p.Reactor) Option {
return func(n *Node) {
for name, customReactor := range reactors {
if existingReactor := n.sw.Reactor(name); existingReactor != nil {
n.sw.Logger.Info("Replacing existing reactor with a custom one",
"name", name)
n.sw.RemoveReactor(name, existingReactor)
}
n.sw.AddReactor(name, customReactor(n))
}
}
}
// StateProvider overrides the state provider used by state sync to retrieve trusted app hashes and
// build a State object for bootstrapping the node.
// WARNING: this interface is considered unstable and subject to change.
func StateProvider(stateProvider statesync.StateProvider) Option {
return func(n *Node) {
n.stateSyncProvider = stateProvider
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Node is the highest level interface to a full Tendermint node.
// It includes all configuration information and running services.
type Node struct {
service.BaseService
// config
config *cfg.Config
genesisDoc *types.GenesisDoc // initial validator set
privValidator types.PrivValidator // local node's validator key
// network
transport *p2p.MultiplexTransport
sw *p2p.Switch // p2p connections
addrBook pex.AddrBook // known peers
nodeInfo p2p.NodeInfo
nodeKey *p2p.NodeKey // our node privkey
isListening bool
// services
eventBus *types.EventBus // pub/sub for services
stateStore sm.Store
blockStore *store.BlockStore // store the blockchain to disk
bcReactor p2p.Reactor // for fast-syncing
mempoolReactor *mempl.Reactor // for gossipping transactions
mempool mempl.Mempool
stateSync bool // whether the node should state sync on startup
stateSyncReactor *statesync.Reactor // for hosting and restoring state sync snapshots
stateSyncProvider statesync.StateProvider // provides state data for bootstrapping a node
stateSyncGenesis sm.State // provides the genesis state for state sync
consensusState *cs.State // latest consensus state
consensusReactor *cs.Reactor // for participating in the consensus
pexReactor *pex.Reactor // for exchanging peer addresses
evidencePool *evidence.Pool // tracking evidence
proxyApp proxy.AppConns // connection to the application
rpcListeners []net.Listener // rpc servers
txIndexer txindex.TxIndexer
blockIndexer indexer.BlockIndexer
indexerService *txindex.IndexerService
prometheusSrv *http.Server
}
func initDBs(config *cfg.Config, dbProvider DBProvider) (blockStore *store.BlockStore, stateDB dbm.DB, err error) {
var blockStoreDB dbm.DB
blockStoreDB, err = dbProvider(&DBContext{"blockstore", config})
if err != nil {
return
}
blockStore = store.NewBlockStore(blockStoreDB)
stateDB, err = dbProvider(&DBContext{"state", config})
if err != nil {
return
}
return
}
func createAndStartProxyAppConns(clientCreator proxy.ClientCreator, logger log.Logger) (proxy.AppConns, error) {
proxyApp := proxy.NewAppConns(clientCreator)
proxyApp.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "proxy"))
if err := proxyApp.Start(); err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error starting proxy app connections: %v", err)
}
return proxyApp, nil
}
func createAndStartEventBus(logger log.Logger) (*types.EventBus, error) {
eventBus := types.NewEventBus()
eventBus.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "events"))
if err := eventBus.Start(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return eventBus, nil
}
func createAndStartIndexerService(
config *cfg.Config,
dbProvider DBProvider,
eventBus *types.EventBus,
logger log.Logger,
) (*txindex.IndexerService, txindex.TxIndexer, indexer.BlockIndexer, error) {
var (
txIndexer txindex.TxIndexer
blockIndexer indexer.BlockIndexer
)
switch config.TxIndex.Indexer {
case "kv":
store, err := dbProvider(&DBContext{"tx_index", config})
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, nil, err
}
txIndexer = kv.NewTxIndex(store)
blockIndexer = blockidxkv.New(dbm.NewPrefixDB(store, []byte("block_events")))
default:
txIndexer = &null.TxIndex{}
blockIndexer = &blockidxnull.BlockerIndexer{}
}
indexerService := txindex.NewIndexerService(txIndexer, blockIndexer, eventBus)
indexerService.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "txindex"))
if err := indexerService.Start(); err != nil {
return nil, nil, nil, err
}
return indexerService, txIndexer, blockIndexer, nil
}
func doHandshake(
stateStore sm.Store,
state sm.State,
blockStore sm.BlockStore,
genDoc *types.GenesisDoc,
eventBus types.BlockEventPublisher,
proxyApp proxy.AppConns,
consensusLogger log.Logger) error {
handshaker := cs.NewHandshaker(stateStore, state, blockStore, genDoc)
handshaker.SetLogger(consensusLogger)
handshaker.SetEventBus(eventBus)
if err := handshaker.Handshake(proxyApp); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error during handshake: %v", err)
}
return nil
}
func logNodeStartupInfo(state sm.State, pubKey crypto.PubKey, logger, consensusLogger log.Logger) {
// Log the version info.
logger.Info("Version info",
"software", version.TMCoreSemVer,
"block", version.BlockProtocol,
"p2p", version.P2PProtocol,
)
// If the state and software differ in block version, at least log it.
if state.Version.Consensus.Block != version.BlockProtocol {
logger.Info("Software and state have different block protocols",
"software", version.BlockProtocol,
"state", state.Version.Consensus.Block,
)
}
addr := pubKey.Address()
// Log whether this node is a validator or an observer
if state.Validators.HasAddress(addr) {
consensusLogger.Info("This node is a validator", "addr", addr, "pubKey", pubKey)
} else {
consensusLogger.Info("This node is not a validator", "addr", addr, "pubKey", pubKey)
}
}
func onlyValidatorIsUs(state sm.State, pubKey crypto.PubKey) bool {
if state.Validators.Size() > 1 {
return false
}
addr, _ := state.Validators.GetByIndex(0)
return bytes.Equal(pubKey.Address(), addr)
}
func createMempoolAndMempoolReactor(config *cfg.Config, proxyApp proxy.AppConns,
state sm.State, memplMetrics *mempl.Metrics, logger log.Logger) (*mempl.Reactor, *mempl.CListMempool) {
mempool := mempl.NewCListMempool(
config.Mempool,
proxyApp.Mempool(),
state.LastBlockHeight,
mempl.WithMetrics(memplMetrics),
mempl.WithPreCheck(sm.TxPreCheck(state)),
mempl.WithPostCheck(sm.TxPostCheck(state)),
)
mempoolLogger := logger.With("module", "mempool")
mempoolReactor := mempl.NewReactor(config.Mempool, mempool)
mempoolReactor.SetLogger(mempoolLogger)
if config.Consensus.WaitForTxs() {
mempool.EnableTxsAvailable()
}
return mempoolReactor, mempool
}
func createEvidenceReactor(config *cfg.Config, dbProvider DBProvider,
stateDB dbm.DB, blockStore *store.BlockStore, logger log.Logger) (*evidence.Reactor, *evidence.Pool, error) {
evidenceDB, err := dbProvider(&DBContext{"evidence", config})
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
evidenceLogger := logger.With("module", "evidence")
evidencePool, err := evidence.NewPool(evidenceDB, sm.NewStore(stateDB), blockStore)
if err != nil {
return nil, nil, err
}
evidenceReactor := evidence.NewReactor(evidencePool)
evidenceReactor.SetLogger(evidenceLogger)
return evidenceReactor, evidencePool, nil
}
func createBlockchainReactor(config *cfg.Config,
state sm.State,
blockExec *sm.BlockExecutor,
blockStore *store.BlockStore,
fastSync bool,
logger log.Logger) (bcReactor p2p.Reactor, err error) {
switch config.FastSync.Version {
case "v0":
bcReactor = bcv0.NewBlockchainReactor(state.Copy(), blockExec, blockStore, fastSync)
case "v1":
bcReactor = bcv1.NewBlockchainReactor(state.Copy(), blockExec, blockStore, fastSync)
case "v2":
bcReactor = bcv2.NewBlockchainReactor(state.Copy(), blockExec, blockStore, fastSync)
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown fastsync version %s", config.FastSync.Version)
}
bcReactor.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "blockchain"))
return bcReactor, nil
}
func createConsensusReactor(config *cfg.Config,
state sm.State,
blockExec *sm.BlockExecutor,
blockStore sm.BlockStore,
mempool *mempl.CListMempool,
evidencePool *evidence.Pool,
privValidator types.PrivValidator,
csMetrics *consensus.Metrics,
waitSync bool,
eventBus *types.EventBus,
consensusLogger log.Logger,
misbehaviors map[int64]cs.Misbehavior) (*cs.Reactor, *cs.State) {
consensusState := cs.NewState(
config.Consensus,
state.Copy(),
blockExec,
blockStore,
mempool,
evidencePool,
misbehaviors,
cs.StateMetrics(csMetrics),
)
consensusState.SetLogger(consensusLogger)
if privValidator != nil {
consensusState.SetPrivValidator(privValidator)
}
consensusReactor := cs.NewReactor(consensusState, waitSync, cs.ReactorMetrics(csMetrics))
consensusReactor.SetLogger(consensusLogger)
// services which will be publishing and/or subscribing for messages (events)
// consensusReactor will set it on consensusState and blockExecutor
consensusReactor.SetEventBus(eventBus)
return consensusReactor, consensusState
}
func createTransport(
config *cfg.Config,
nodeInfo p2p.NodeInfo,
nodeKey *p2p.NodeKey,
proxyApp proxy.AppConns,
) (
*p2p.MultiplexTransport,
[]p2p.PeerFilterFunc,
) {
var (
mConnConfig = p2p.MConnConfig(config.P2P)
transport = p2p.NewMultiplexTransport(nodeInfo, *nodeKey, mConnConfig)
connFilters = []p2p.ConnFilterFunc{}
peerFilters = []p2p.PeerFilterFunc{}
)
if !config.P2P.AllowDuplicateIP {
connFilters = append(connFilters, p2p.ConnDuplicateIPFilter())
}
// Filter peers by addr or pubkey with an ABCI query.
// If the query return code is OK, add peer.
if config.FilterPeers {
connFilters = append(
connFilters,
// ABCI query for address filtering.
func(_ p2p.ConnSet, c net.Conn, _ []net.IP) error {
res, err := proxyApp.Query().QuerySync(abci.RequestQuery{
Path: fmt.Sprintf("/p2p/filter/addr/%s", c.RemoteAddr().String()),
})
if err != nil {
return err
}
if res.IsErr() {
return fmt.Errorf("error querying abci app: %v", res)
}
return nil
},
)
peerFilters = append(
peerFilters,
// ABCI query for ID filtering.
func(_ p2p.IPeerSet, p p2p.Peer) error {
res, err := proxyApp.Query().QuerySync(abci.RequestQuery{
Path: fmt.Sprintf("/p2p/filter/id/%s", p.ID()),
})
if err != nil {
return err
}
if res.IsErr() {
return fmt.Errorf("error querying abci app: %v", res)
}
return nil
},
)
}
p2p.MultiplexTransportConnFilters(connFilters...)(transport)
// Limit the number of incoming connections.
max := config.P2P.MaxNumInboundPeers + len(splitAndTrimEmpty(config.P2P.UnconditionalPeerIDs, ",", " "))
p2p.MultiplexTransportMaxIncomingConnections(max)(transport)
return transport, peerFilters
}
func createSwitch(config *cfg.Config,
transport p2p.Transport,
p2pMetrics *p2p.Metrics,
peerFilters []p2p.PeerFilterFunc,
mempoolReactor *mempl.Reactor,
bcReactor p2p.Reactor,
stateSyncReactor *statesync.Reactor,
consensusReactor *cs.Reactor,
evidenceReactor *evidence.Reactor,
nodeInfo p2p.NodeInfo,
nodeKey *p2p.NodeKey,
p2pLogger log.Logger) *p2p.Switch {
sw := p2p.NewSwitch(
config.P2P,
transport,
p2p.WithMetrics(p2pMetrics),
p2p.SwitchPeerFilters(peerFilters...),
)
sw.SetLogger(p2pLogger)
sw.AddReactor("MEMPOOL", mempoolReactor)
sw.AddReactor("BLOCKCHAIN", bcReactor)
sw.AddReactor("CONSENSUS", consensusReactor)
sw.AddReactor("EVIDENCE", evidenceReactor)
sw.AddReactor("STATESYNC", stateSyncReactor)
sw.SetNodeInfo(nodeInfo)
sw.SetNodeKey(nodeKey)
p2pLogger.Info("P2P Node ID", "ID", nodeKey.ID(), "file", config.NodeKeyFile())
return sw
}
func createAddrBookAndSetOnSwitch(config *cfg.Config, sw *p2p.Switch,
p2pLogger log.Logger, nodeKey *p2p.NodeKey) (pex.AddrBook, error) {
addrBook := pex.NewAddrBook(config.P2P.AddrBookFile(), config.P2P.AddrBookStrict)
addrBook.SetLogger(p2pLogger.With("book", config.P2P.AddrBookFile()))
// Add ourselves to addrbook to prevent dialing ourselves
if config.P2P.ExternalAddress != "" {
addr, err := p2p.NewNetAddressString(p2p.IDAddressString(nodeKey.ID(), config.P2P.ExternalAddress))
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("p2p.external_address is incorrect: %w", err)
}
addrBook.AddOurAddress(addr)
}
if config.P2P.ListenAddress != "" {
addr, err := p2p.NewNetAddressString(p2p.IDAddressString(nodeKey.ID(), config.P2P.ListenAddress))
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("p2p.laddr is incorrect: %w", err)
}
addrBook.AddOurAddress(addr)
}
sw.SetAddrBook(addrBook)
return addrBook, nil
}
func createPEXReactorAndAddToSwitch(addrBook pex.AddrBook, config *cfg.Config,
sw *p2p.Switch, logger log.Logger) *pex.Reactor {
// TODO persistent peers ? so we can have their DNS addrs saved
pexReactor := pex.NewReactor(addrBook,
&pex.ReactorConfig{
Seeds: splitAndTrimEmpty(config.P2P.Seeds, ",", " "),
SeedMode: config.P2P.SeedMode,
// See consensus/reactor.go: blocksToContributeToBecomeGoodPeer 10000
// blocks assuming 10s blocks ~ 28 hours.
// TODO (melekes): make it dynamic based on the actual block latencies
// from the live network.
// https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/issues/3523
SeedDisconnectWaitPeriod: 28 * time.Hour,
PersistentPeersMaxDialPeriod: config.P2P.PersistentPeersMaxDialPeriod,
})
pexReactor.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "pex"))
sw.AddReactor("PEX", pexReactor)
return pexReactor
}
// startStateSync starts an asynchronous state sync process, then switches to fast sync mode.
func startStateSync(ssR *statesync.Reactor, bcR fastSyncReactor, conR *cs.Reactor,
stateProvider statesync.StateProvider, config *cfg.StateSyncConfig, fastSync bool,
stateStore sm.Store, blockStore *store.BlockStore, state sm.State) error {
ssR.Logger.Info("Starting state sync")
if stateProvider == nil {
var err error
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
defer cancel()
stateProvider, err = statesync.NewLightClientStateProvider(
ctx,
state.ChainID, state.Version, state.InitialHeight,
config.RPCServers, light.TrustOptions{
Period: config.TrustPeriod,
Height: config.TrustHeight,
Hash: config.TrustHashBytes(),
}, ssR.Logger.With("module", "light"))
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to set up light client state provider: %w", err)
}
}
go func() {
state, commit, err := ssR.Sync(stateProvider, config.DiscoveryTime)
if err != nil {
ssR.Logger.Error("State sync failed", "err", err)
return
}
err = stateStore.Bootstrap(state)
if err != nil {
ssR.Logger.Error("Failed to bootstrap node with new state", "err", err)
return
}
err = blockStore.SaveSeenCommit(state.LastBlockHeight, commit)
if err != nil {
ssR.Logger.Error("Failed to store last seen commit", "err", err)
return
}
if fastSync {
// FIXME Very ugly to have these metrics bleed through here.
conR.Metrics.StateSyncing.Set(0)
conR.Metrics.FastSyncing.Set(1)
err = bcR.SwitchToFastSync(state)
if err != nil {
ssR.Logger.Error("Failed to switch to fast sync", "err", err)
return
}
} else {
conR.SwitchToConsensus(state, true)
}
}()
return nil
}
// NewNode returns a new, ready to go, Tendermint Node.
func NewNode(config *cfg.Config,
privValidator types.PrivValidator,
nodeKey *p2p.NodeKey,
clientCreator proxy.ClientCreator,
genesisDocProvider GenesisDocProvider,
dbProvider DBProvider,
metricsProvider MetricsProvider,
logger log.Logger,
misbehaviors map[int64]cs.Misbehavior,
options ...Option) (*Node, error) {
blockStore, stateDB, err := initDBs(config, dbProvider)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
stateStore := sm.NewStore(stateDB)
state, genDoc, err := LoadStateFromDBOrGenesisDocProvider(stateDB, genesisDocProvider)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Create the proxyApp and establish connections to the ABCI app (consensus, mempool, query).
proxyApp, err := createAndStartProxyAppConns(clientCreator, logger)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// EventBus and IndexerService must be started before the handshake because
// we might need to index the txs of the replayed block as this might not have happened
// when the node stopped last time (i.e. the node stopped after it saved the block
// but before it indexed the txs, or, endblocker panicked)
eventBus, err := createAndStartEventBus(logger)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
indexerService, txIndexer, blockIndexer, err := createAndStartIndexerService(config, dbProvider, eventBus, logger)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// If an address is provided, listen on the socket for a connection from an
// external signing process.
if config.PrivValidatorListenAddr != "" {
// FIXME: we should start services inside OnStart
privValidator, err = createAndStartPrivValidatorSocketClient(config.PrivValidatorListenAddr, genDoc.ChainID, logger)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("error with private validator socket client: %w", err)
}
}
pubKey, err := privValidator.GetPubKey()
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't get pubkey: %w", err)
}
// Determine whether we should do state and/or fast sync.
// We don't fast-sync when the only validator is us.
fastSync := config.FastSyncMode && !onlyValidatorIsUs(state, pubKey)
stateSync := config.StateSync.Enable && !onlyValidatorIsUs(state, pubKey)
if stateSync && state.LastBlockHeight > 0 {
logger.Info("Found local state with non-zero height, skipping state sync")
stateSync = false
}
// Create the handshaker, which calls RequestInfo, sets the AppVersion on the state,
// and replays any blocks as necessary to sync tendermint with the app.
consensusLogger := logger.With("module", "consensus")
if !stateSync {
if err := doHandshake(stateStore, state, blockStore, genDoc, eventBus, proxyApp, consensusLogger); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Reload the state. It will have the Version.Consensus.App set by the
// Handshake, and may have other modifications as well (ie. depending on
// what happened during block replay).
state, err = stateStore.Load()
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot load state: %w", err)
}
}
logNodeStartupInfo(state, pubKey, logger, consensusLogger)
csMetrics, p2pMetrics, memplMetrics, smMetrics := metricsProvider(genDoc.ChainID)
// Make MempoolReactor
mempoolReactor, mempool := createMempoolAndMempoolReactor(config, proxyApp, state, memplMetrics, logger)
// Make Evidence Reactor
evidenceReactor, evidencePool, err := createEvidenceReactor(config, dbProvider, stateDB, blockStore, logger)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// make block executor for consensus and blockchain reactors to execute blocks
blockExec := sm.NewBlockExecutor(
stateStore,
logger.With("module", "state"),
proxyApp.Consensus(),
mempool,
evidencePool,
sm.BlockExecutorWithMetrics(smMetrics),
)
// Make BlockchainReactor. Don't start fast sync if we're doing a state sync first.
bcReactor, err := createBlockchainReactor(config, state, blockExec, blockStore, fastSync && !stateSync, logger)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not create blockchain reactor: %w", err)
}
// Make ConsensusReactor. Don't enable fully if doing a state sync and/or fast sync first.
// FIXME We need to update metrics here, since other reactors don't have access to them.
if stateSync {
csMetrics.StateSyncing.Set(1)
} else if fastSync {
csMetrics.FastSyncing.Set(1)
}
logger.Info("Setting up maverick consensus reactor", "Misbehaviors", misbehaviors)
consensusReactor, consensusState := createConsensusReactor(
config, state, blockExec, blockStore, mempool, evidencePool,
privValidator, csMetrics, stateSync || fastSync, eventBus, consensusLogger, misbehaviors)
// Set up state sync reactor, and schedule a sync if requested.
// FIXME The way we do phased startups (e.g. replay -> fast sync -> consensus) is very messy,
// we should clean this whole thing up. See:
// https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/issues/4644
stateSyncReactor := statesync.NewReactor(
*config.StateSync,
proxyApp.Snapshot(),
proxyApp.Query(),
config.StateSync.TempDir,
)
stateSyncReactor.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "statesync"))
nodeInfo, err := makeNodeInfo(config, nodeKey, txIndexer, genDoc, state)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Setup Transport.
transport, peerFilters := createTransport(config, nodeInfo, nodeKey, proxyApp)
// Setup Switch.
p2pLogger := logger.With("module", "p2p")
sw := createSwitch(
config, transport, p2pMetrics, peerFilters, mempoolReactor, bcReactor,
stateSyncReactor, consensusReactor, evidenceReactor, nodeInfo, nodeKey, p2pLogger,
)
err = sw.AddPersistentPeers(splitAndTrimEmpty(config.P2P.PersistentPeers, ",", " "))
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not add peers from persistent_peers field: %w", err)
}
err = sw.AddUnconditionalPeerIDs(splitAndTrimEmpty(config.P2P.UnconditionalPeerIDs, ",", " "))
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not add peer ids from unconditional_peer_ids field: %w", err)
}
addrBook, err := createAddrBookAndSetOnSwitch(config, sw, p2pLogger, nodeKey)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not create addrbook: %w", err)
}
// Optionally, start the pex reactor
//
// TODO:
//
// We need to set Seeds and PersistentPeers on the switch,
// since it needs to be able to use these (and their DNS names)
// even if the PEX is off. We can include the DNS name in the NetAddress,
// but it would still be nice to have a clear list of the current "PersistentPeers"
// somewhere that we can return with net_info.
//
// If PEX is on, it should handle dialing the seeds. Otherwise the switch does it.
// Note we currently use the addrBook regardless at least for AddOurAddress
var pexReactor *pex.Reactor
if config.P2P.PexReactor {
pexReactor = createPEXReactorAndAddToSwitch(addrBook, config, sw, logger)
}
if config.RPC.PprofListenAddress != "" {
go func() {
logger.Info("Starting pprof server", "laddr", config.RPC.PprofListenAddress)
logger.Error("pprof server error", "err", http.ListenAndServe(config.RPC.PprofListenAddress, nil))
}()
}
node := &Node{
config: config,
genesisDoc: genDoc,
privValidator: privValidator,
transport: transport,
sw: sw,
addrBook: addrBook,
nodeInfo: nodeInfo,
nodeKey: nodeKey,
stateStore: stateStore,
blockStore: blockStore,
bcReactor: bcReactor,
mempoolReactor: mempoolReactor,
mempool: mempool,
consensusState: consensusState,
consensusReactor: consensusReactor,
stateSyncReactor: stateSyncReactor,
stateSync: stateSync,
stateSyncGenesis: state, // Shouldn't be necessary, but need a way to pass the genesis state
pexReactor: pexReactor,
evidencePool: evidencePool,
proxyApp: proxyApp,
txIndexer: txIndexer,
indexerService: indexerService,
blockIndexer: blockIndexer,
eventBus: eventBus,
}
node.BaseService = *service.NewBaseService(logger, "Node", node)
for _, option := range options {
option(node)
}
return node, nil
}
// OnStart starts the Node. It implements service.Service.
func (n *Node) OnStart() error {
now := tmtime.Now()
genTime := n.genesisDoc.GenesisTime
if genTime.After(now) {
n.Logger.Info("Genesis time is in the future. Sleeping until then...", "genTime", genTime)
time.Sleep(genTime.Sub(now))
}
// Add private IDs to addrbook to block those peers being added
n.addrBook.AddPrivateIDs(splitAndTrimEmpty(n.config.P2P.PrivatePeerIDs, ",", " "))
// Start the RPC server before the P2P server
// so we can eg. receive txs for the first block
if n.config.RPC.ListenAddress != "" {
listeners, err := n.startRPC()
if err != nil {
return err
}
n.rpcListeners = listeners
}
if n.config.Instrumentation.Prometheus &&
n.config.Instrumentation.PrometheusListenAddr != "" {
n.prometheusSrv = n.startPrometheusServer(n.config.Instrumentation.PrometheusListenAddr)
}
// Start the transport.
addr, err := p2p.NewNetAddressString(p2p.IDAddressString(n.nodeKey.ID(), n.config.P2P.ListenAddress))
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err := n.transport.Listen(*addr); err != nil {
return err
}
n.isListening = true
if n.config.Mempool.WalEnabled() {
err = n.mempool.InitWAL()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("init mempool WAL: %w", err)
}
}
// Start the switch (the P2P server).
err = n.sw.Start()
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Always connect to persistent peers
err = n.sw.DialPeersAsync(splitAndTrimEmpty(n.config.P2P.PersistentPeers, ",", " "))
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("could not dial peers from persistent_peers field: %w", err)
}
// Run state sync
if n.stateSync {
bcR, ok := n.bcReactor.(fastSyncReactor)
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("this blockchain reactor does not support switching from state sync")
}
err := startStateSync(n.stateSyncReactor, bcR, n.consensusReactor, n.stateSyncProvider,
n.config.StateSync, n.config.FastSyncMode, n.stateStore, n.blockStore, n.stateSyncGenesis)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to start state sync: %w", err)
}
}
return nil
}
// OnStop stops the Node. It implements service.Service.
func (n *Node) OnStop() {
n.BaseService.OnStop()
n.Logger.Info("Stopping Node")
// first stop the non-reactor services
if err := n.eventBus.Stop(); err != nil {
n.Logger.Error("Error closing eventBus", "err", err)
}
if err := n.indexerService.Stop(); err != nil {
n.Logger.Error("Error closing indexerService", "err", err)
}
// now stop the reactors
if err := n.sw.Stop(); err != nil {
n.Logger.Error("Error closing switch", "err", err)
}
// stop mempool WAL
if n.config.Mempool.WalEnabled() {
n.mempool.CloseWAL()
}
if err := n.transport.Close(); err != nil {
n.Logger.Error("Error closing transport", "err", err)
}
n.isListening = false
// finally stop the listeners / external services
for _, l := range n.rpcListeners {
n.Logger.Info("Closing rpc listener", "listener", l)
if err := l.Close(); err != nil {
n.Logger.Error("Error closing listener", "listener", l, "err", err)
}
}
if pvsc, ok := n.privValidator.(service.Service); ok {
if err := pvsc.Stop(); err != nil {
n.Logger.Error("Error closing private validator", "err", err)
}
}
if n.prometheusSrv != nil {
if err := n.prometheusSrv.Shutdown(context.Background()); err != nil {
// Error from closing listeners, or context timeout:
n.Logger.Error("Prometheus HTTP server Shutdown", "err", err)
}
}
}
// ConfigureRPC makes sure RPC has all the objects it needs to operate.
func (n *Node) ConfigureRPC() error {
pubKey, err := n.privValidator.GetPubKey()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("can't get pubkey: %w", err)
}
rpccore.SetEnvironment(&rpccore.Environment{
ProxyAppQuery: n.proxyApp.Query(),
ProxyAppMempool: n.proxyApp.Mempool(),
StateStore: n.stateStore,
BlockStore: n.blockStore,
EvidencePool: n.evidencePool,
ConsensusState: n.consensusState,
P2PPeers: n.sw,
P2PTransport: n,
PubKey: pubKey,
GenDoc: n.genesisDoc,
TxIndexer: n.txIndexer,
BlockIndexer: n.blockIndexer,
ConsensusReactor: &consensus.Reactor{},
EventBus: n.eventBus,
Mempool: n.mempool,
Logger: n.Logger.With("module", "rpc"),
Config: *n.config.RPC,
})
return nil
}
func (n *Node) startRPC() ([]net.Listener, error) {
err := n.ConfigureRPC()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
listenAddrs := splitAndTrimEmpty(n.config.RPC.ListenAddress, ",", " ")
if n.config.RPC.Unsafe {
rpccore.AddUnsafeRoutes()
}
config := rpcserver.DefaultConfig()
config.MaxBodyBytes = n.config.RPC.MaxBodyBytes
config.MaxHeaderBytes = n.config.RPC.MaxHeaderBytes
config.MaxOpenConnections = n.config.RPC.MaxOpenConnections
// If necessary adjust global WriteTimeout to ensure it's greater than
// TimeoutBroadcastTxCommit.
// See https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/issues/3435
if config.WriteTimeout <= n.config.RPC.TimeoutBroadcastTxCommit {
config.WriteTimeout = n.config.RPC.TimeoutBroadcastTxCommit + 1*time.Second
}
// we may expose the rpc over both a unix and tcp socket
listeners := make([]net.Listener, len(listenAddrs))
for i, listenAddr := range listenAddrs {
mux := http.NewServeMux()
rpcLogger := n.Logger.With("module", "rpc-server")
wmLogger := rpcLogger.With("protocol", "websocket")
wm := rpcserver.NewWebsocketManager(rpccore.Routes,
rpcserver.OnDisconnect(func(remoteAddr string) {
err := n.eventBus.UnsubscribeAll(context.Background(), remoteAddr)
if err != nil && err != tmpubsub.ErrSubscriptionNotFound {
wmLogger.Error("Failed to unsubscribe addr from events", "addr", remoteAddr, "err", err)
}
}),
rpcserver.ReadLimit(config.MaxBodyBytes),
)
wm.SetLogger(wmLogger)
mux.HandleFunc("/websocket", wm.WebsocketHandler)
rpcserver.RegisterRPCFuncs(mux, rpccore.Routes, rpcLogger)
listener, err := rpcserver.Listen(
listenAddr,
config,
)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
var rootHandler http.Handler = mux
if n.config.RPC.IsCorsEnabled() {
corsMiddleware := cors.New(cors.Options{
AllowedOrigins: n.config.RPC.CORSAllowedOrigins,
AllowedMethods: n.config.RPC.CORSAllowedMethods,
AllowedHeaders: n.config.RPC.CORSAllowedHeaders,
})
rootHandler = corsMiddleware.Handler(mux)
}
if n.config.RPC.IsTLSEnabled() {
go func() {
if err := rpcserver.ServeTLS(
listener,
rootHandler,
n.config.RPC.CertFile(),
n.config.RPC.KeyFile(),
rpcLogger,
config,
); err != nil {
n.Logger.Error("Error serving server with TLS", "err", err)
}
}()
} else {
go func() {
if err := rpcserver.Serve(
listener,
rootHandler,
rpcLogger,
config,
); err != nil {
n.Logger.Error("Error serving server", "err", err)
}
}()
}
listeners[i] = listener
}
// we expose a simplified api over grpc for convenience to app devs
grpcListenAddr := n.config.RPC.GRPCListenAddress
if grpcListenAddr != "" {
config := rpcserver.DefaultConfig()
config.MaxBodyBytes = n.config.RPC.MaxBodyBytes
config.MaxHeaderBytes = n.config.RPC.MaxHeaderBytes
// NOTE: GRPCMaxOpenConnections is used, not MaxOpenConnections
config.MaxOpenConnections = n.config.RPC.GRPCMaxOpenConnections
// If necessary adjust global WriteTimeout to ensure it's greater than
// TimeoutBroadcastTxCommit.
// See https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/issues/3435
if config.WriteTimeout <= n.config.RPC.TimeoutBroadcastTxCommit {
config.WriteTimeout = n.config.RPC.TimeoutBroadcastTxCommit + 1*time.Second
}
listener, err := rpcserver.Listen(grpcListenAddr, config)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
go func() {
if err := grpccore.StartGRPCServer(listener); err != nil {
n.Logger.Error("Error starting gRPC server", "err", err)
}
}()
listeners = append(listeners, listener)
}
return listeners, nil
}
// startPrometheusServer starts a Prometheus HTTP server, listening for metrics
// collectors on addr.
func (n *Node) startPrometheusServer(addr string) *http.Server {
srv := &http.Server{
Addr: addr,
Handler: promhttp.InstrumentMetricHandler(
prometheus.DefaultRegisterer, promhttp.HandlerFor(
prometheus.DefaultGatherer,
promhttp.HandlerOpts{MaxRequestsInFlight: n.config.Instrumentation.MaxOpenConnections},
),
),
}
go func() {
if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != http.ErrServerClosed {
// Error starting or closing listener:
n.Logger.Error("Prometheus HTTP server ListenAndServe", "err", err)
}
}()
return srv
}
// Switch returns the Node's Switch.
func (n *Node) Switch() *p2p.Switch {
return n.sw
}
// BlockStore returns the Node's BlockStore.
func (n *Node) BlockStore() *store.BlockStore {
return n.blockStore
}
// ConsensusState returns the Node's ConsensusState.
func (n *Node) ConsensusState() *cs.State {
return n.consensusState
}
// ConsensusReactor returns the Node's ConsensusReactor.
func (n *Node) ConsensusReactor() *cs.Reactor {
return n.consensusReactor
}
// MempoolReactor returns the Node's mempool reactor.
func (n *Node) MempoolReactor() *mempl.Reactor {
return n.mempoolReactor
}
// Mempool returns the Node's mempool.
func (n *Node) Mempool() mempl.Mempool {
return n.mempool
}
// PEXReactor returns the Node's PEXReactor. It returns nil if PEX is disabled.
func (n *Node) PEXReactor() *pex.Reactor {
return n.pexReactor
}
// EvidencePool returns the Node's EvidencePool.
func (n *Node) EvidencePool() *evidence.Pool {
return n.evidencePool
}
// EventBus returns the Node's EventBus.
func (n *Node) EventBus() *types.EventBus {
return n.eventBus
}
// PrivValidator returns the Node's PrivValidator.
// XXX: for convenience only!
func (n *Node) PrivValidator() types.PrivValidator {
return n.privValidator
}
// GenesisDoc returns the Node's GenesisDoc.
func (n *Node) GenesisDoc() *types.GenesisDoc {
return n.genesisDoc
}
// ProxyApp returns the Node's AppConns, representing its connections to the ABCI application.
func (n *Node) ProxyApp() proxy.AppConns {
return n.proxyApp
}
// Config returns the Node's config.
func (n *Node) Config() *cfg.Config {
return n.config
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
func (n *Node) Listeners() []string {
return []string{
fmt.Sprintf("Listener(@%v)", n.config.P2P.ExternalAddress),
}
}
func (n *Node) IsListening() bool {
return n.isListening
}
// NodeInfo returns the Node's Info from the Switch.
func (n *Node) NodeInfo() p2p.NodeInfo {
return n.nodeInfo
}
func makeNodeInfo(
config *cfg.Config,
nodeKey *p2p.NodeKey,
txIndexer txindex.TxIndexer,
genDoc *types.GenesisDoc,
state sm.State,
) (p2p.NodeInfo, error) {
txIndexerStatus := "on"
if _, ok := txIndexer.(*null.TxIndex); ok {
txIndexerStatus = "off"
}
var bcChannel byte
switch config.FastSync.Version {
case "v0":
bcChannel = bcv0.BlockchainChannel
case "v1":
bcChannel = bcv1.BlockchainChannel
case "v2":
bcChannel = bcv2.BlockchainChannel
default:
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown fastsync version %s", config.FastSync.Version)
}
nodeInfo := p2p.DefaultNodeInfo{
ProtocolVersion: p2p.NewProtocolVersion(
version.P2PProtocol, // global
state.Version.Consensus.Block,
state.Version.Consensus.App,
),
DefaultNodeID: nodeKey.ID(),
Network: genDoc.ChainID,
Version: version.TMCoreSemVer,
Channels: []byte{
bcChannel,
cs.StateChannel, cs.DataChannel, cs.VoteChannel, cs.VoteSetBitsChannel,
mempl.MempoolChannel,
evidence.EvidenceChannel,
statesync.SnapshotChannel, statesync.ChunkChannel,
},
Moniker: config.Moniker,
Other: p2p.DefaultNodeInfoOther{
TxIndex: txIndexerStatus,
RPCAddress: config.RPC.ListenAddress,
},
}
if config.P2P.PexReactor {
nodeInfo.Channels = append(nodeInfo.Channels, pex.PexChannel)
}
lAddr := config.P2P.ExternalAddress
if lAddr == "" {
lAddr = config.P2P.ListenAddress
}
nodeInfo.ListenAddr = lAddr
err := nodeInfo.Validate()
return nodeInfo, err
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var (
genesisDocKey = []byte("genesisDoc")
)
// LoadStateFromDBOrGenesisDocProvider attempts to load the state from the
// database, or creates one using the given genesisDocProvider and persists the
// result to the database. On success this also returns the genesis doc loaded
// through the given provider.
func LoadStateFromDBOrGenesisDocProvider(
stateDB dbm.DB,
genesisDocProvider GenesisDocProvider,
) (sm.State, *types.GenesisDoc, error) {
// Get genesis doc
genDoc, err := loadGenesisDoc(stateDB)
if err != nil {
genDoc, err = genesisDocProvider()
if err != nil {
return sm.State{}, nil, err
}
// save genesis doc to prevent a certain class of user errors (e.g. when it
// was changed, accidentally or not). Also good for audit trail.
saveGenesisDoc(stateDB, genDoc)
}
stateStore := sm.NewStore(stateDB)
state, err := stateStore.LoadFromDBOrGenesisDoc(genDoc)
if err != nil {
return sm.State{}, nil, err
}
return state, genDoc, nil
}
// panics if failed to unmarshal bytes
func loadGenesisDoc(db dbm.DB) (*types.GenesisDoc, error) {
b, err := db.Get(genesisDocKey)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
if len(b) == 0 {
return nil, errors.New("genesis doc not found")
}
var genDoc *types.GenesisDoc
err = tmjson.Unmarshal(b, &genDoc)
if err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to load genesis doc due to unmarshaling error: %v (bytes: %X)", err, b))
}
return genDoc, nil
}
// panics if failed to marshal the given genesis document
func saveGenesisDoc(db dbm.DB, genDoc *types.GenesisDoc) {
b, err := tmjson.Marshal(genDoc)
if err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to save genesis doc due to marshaling error: %v", err))
}
if err := db.SetSync(genesisDocKey, b); err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to save genesis doc: %v", err))
}
}
func createAndStartPrivValidatorSocketClient(
listenAddr,
chainID string,
logger log.Logger,
) (types.PrivValidator, error) {
pve, err := privval.NewSignerListener(listenAddr, logger)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to start private validator: %w", err)
}
pvsc, err := privval.NewSignerClient(pve, chainID)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to start private validator: %w", err)
}
// try to get a pubkey from private validate first time
_, err = pvsc.GetPubKey()
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't get pubkey: %w", err)
}
const (
retries = 50 // 50 * 100ms = 5s total
timeout = 100 * time.Millisecond
)
pvscWithRetries := privval.NewRetrySignerClient(pvsc, retries, timeout)
return pvscWithRetries, nil
}
// splitAndTrimEmpty slices s into all subslices separated by sep and returns a
// slice of the string s with all leading and trailing Unicode code points
// contained in cutset removed. If sep is empty, SplitAndTrim splits after each
// UTF-8 sequence. First part is equivalent to strings.SplitN with a count of
// -1. also filter out empty strings, only return non-empty strings.
func splitAndTrimEmpty(s, sep, cutset string) []string {
if s == "" {
return []string{}
}
spl := strings.Split(s, sep)
nonEmptyStrings := make([]string, 0, len(spl))
for i := 0; i < len(spl); i++ {
element := strings.Trim(spl[i], cutset)
if element != "" {
nonEmptyStrings = append(nonEmptyStrings, element)
}
}
return nonEmptyStrings
}