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//
// Written by Maxim Khitrov (November 2012)
//
// Package flowrate provides the tools for monitoring and limiting the flow rate
// of an arbitrary data stream.
package flowrate
import (
"math"
"sync"
"time"
)
// Monitor monitors and limits the transfer rate of a data stream.
type Monitor struct {
mu sync.Mutex // Mutex guarding access to all internal fields
active bool // Flag indicating an active transfer
start time.Duration // Transfer start time (clock() value)
bytes int64 // Total number of bytes transferred
samples int64 // Total number of samples taken
rSample float64 // Most recent transfer rate sample (bytes per second)
rEMA float64 // Exponential moving average of rSample
rPeak float64 // Peak transfer rate (max of all rSamples)
rWindow float64 // rEMA window (seconds)
sBytes int64 // Number of bytes transferred since sLast
sLast time.Duration // Most recent sample time (stop time when inactive)
sRate time.Duration // Sampling rate
tBytes int64 // Number of bytes expected in the current transfer
tLast time.Duration // Time of the most recent transfer of at least 1 byte
}
// New creates a new flow control monitor. Instantaneous transfer rate is
// measured and updated for each sampleRate interval. windowSize determines the
// weight of each sample in the exponential moving average (EMA) calculation.
// The exact formulas are:
//
// sampleTime = currentTime - prevSampleTime
// sampleRate = byteCount / sampleTime
// weight = 1 - exp(-sampleTime/windowSize)
// newRate = weight*sampleRate + (1-weight)*oldRate
//
// The default values for sampleRate and windowSize (if <= 0) are 100ms and 1s,
// respectively.
func New(sampleRate, windowSize time.Duration) *Monitor {
if sampleRate = clockRound(sampleRate); sampleRate <= 0 {
sampleRate = 5 * clockRate
}
if windowSize <= 0 {
windowSize = 1 * time.Second
}
now := clock()
return &Monitor{
active: true,
start: now,
rWindow: windowSize.Seconds(),
sLast: now,
sRate: sampleRate,
tLast: now,
}
}
// Update records the transfer of n bytes and returns n. It should be called
// after each Read/Write operation, even if n is 0.
func (m *Monitor) Update(n int) int {
m.mu.Lock()
m.update(n)
m.mu.Unlock()
return n
}
// Hack to set the current rEMA.
func (m *Monitor) SetREMA(rEMA float64) {
m.mu.Lock()
m.rEMA = rEMA
m.samples++
m.mu.Unlock()
}
// IO is a convenience method intended to wrap io.Reader and io.Writer method
// execution. It calls m.Update(n) and then returns (n, err) unmodified.
func (m *Monitor) IO(n int, err error) (int, error) {
return m.Update(n), err
}
// Done marks the transfer as finished and prevents any further updates or
// limiting. Instantaneous and current transfer rates drop to 0. Update, IO, and
// Limit methods become NOOPs. It returns the total number of bytes transferred.
func (m *Monitor) Done() int64 {
m.mu.Lock()
if now := m.update(0); m.sBytes > 0 {
m.reset(now)
}
m.active = false
m.tLast = 0
n := m.bytes
m.mu.Unlock()
return n
}
// timeRemLimit is the maximum Status.TimeRem value.
const timeRemLimit = 999*time.Hour + 59*time.Minute + 59*time.Second
// Status represents the current Monitor status. All transfer rates are in bytes
// per second rounded to the nearest byte.
type Status struct {
Active bool // Flag indicating an active transfer
Bytes int64 // Total number of bytes transferred
Samples int64 // Total number of samples taken
InstRate int64 // Instantaneous transfer rate
CurRate int64 // Current transfer rate (EMA of InstRate)
AvgRate int64 // Average transfer rate (Bytes / Duration)
PeakRate int64 // Maximum instantaneous transfer rate
BytesRem int64 // Number of bytes remaining in the transfer
Start time.Time // Transfer start time
Duration time.Duration // Time period covered by the statistics
Idle time.Duration // Time since the last transfer of at least 1 byte
TimeRem time.Duration // Estimated time to completion
Progress Percent // Overall transfer progress
}
// Status returns current transfer status information. The returned value
// becomes static after a call to Done.
func (m *Monitor) Status() Status {
m.mu.Lock()
now := m.update(0)
s := Status{
Active: m.active,
Start: clockToTime(m.start),
Duration: m.sLast - m.start,
Idle: now - m.tLast,
Bytes: m.bytes,
Samples: m.samples,
PeakRate: round(m.rPeak),
BytesRem: m.tBytes - m.bytes,
Progress: percentOf(float64(m.bytes), float64(m.tBytes)),
}
if s.BytesRem < 0 {
s.BytesRem = 0
}
if s.Duration > 0 {
rAvg := float64(s.Bytes) / s.Duration.Seconds()
s.AvgRate = round(rAvg)
if s.Active {
s.InstRate = round(m.rSample)
s.CurRate = round(m.rEMA)
if s.BytesRem > 0 {
if tRate := 0.8*m.rEMA + 0.2*rAvg; tRate > 0 {
ns := float64(s.BytesRem) / tRate * 1e9
if ns > float64(timeRemLimit) {
ns = float64(timeRemLimit)
}
s.TimeRem = clockRound(time.Duration(ns))
}
}
}
}
m.mu.Unlock()
return s
}
// Limit restricts the instantaneous (per-sample) data flow to rate bytes per
// second. It returns the maximum number of bytes (0 <= n <= want) that may be
// transferred immediately without exceeding the limit. If block == true, the
// call blocks until n > 0. want is returned unmodified if want < 1, rate < 1,
// or the transfer is inactive (after a call to Done).
//
// At least one byte is always allowed to be transferred in any given sampling
// period. Thus, if the sampling rate is 100ms, the lowest achievable flow rate
// is 10 bytes per second.
//
// For usage examples, see the implementation of Reader and Writer in io.go.
func (m *Monitor) Limit(want int, rate int64, block bool) (n int) {
if want < 1 || rate < 1 {
return want
}
m.mu.Lock()
// Determine the maximum number of bytes that can be sent in one sample
limit := round(float64(rate) * m.sRate.Seconds())
if limit <= 0 {
limit = 1
}
// If block == true, wait until m.sBytes < limit
if now := m.update(0); block {
for m.sBytes >= limit && m.active {
now = m.waitNextSample(now)
}
}
// Make limit <= want (unlimited if the transfer is no longer active)
if limit -= m.sBytes; limit > int64(want) || !m.active {
limit = int64(want)
}
m.mu.Unlock()
if limit < 0 {
limit = 0
}
return int(limit)
}
// SetTransferSize specifies the total size of the data transfer, which allows
// the Monitor to calculate the overall progress and time to completion.
func (m *Monitor) SetTransferSize(bytes int64) {
if bytes < 0 {
bytes = 0
}
m.mu.Lock()
m.tBytes = bytes
m.mu.Unlock()
}
// update accumulates the transferred byte count for the current sample until
// clock() - m.sLast >= m.sRate. The monitor status is updated once the current
// sample is done.
func (m *Monitor) update(n int) (now time.Duration) {
if !m.active {
return
}
if now = clock(); n > 0 {
m.tLast = now
}
m.sBytes += int64(n)
if sTime := now - m.sLast; sTime >= m.sRate {
t := sTime.Seconds()
if m.rSample = float64(m.sBytes) / t; m.rSample > m.rPeak {
m.rPeak = m.rSample
}
// Exponential moving average using a method similar to *nix load
// average calculation. Longer sampling periods carry greater weight.
if m.samples > 0 {
w := math.Exp(-t / m.rWindow)
m.rEMA = m.rSample + w*(m.rEMA-m.rSample)
} else {
m.rEMA = m.rSample
}
m.reset(now)
}
return
}
// reset clears the current sample state in preparation for the next sample.
func (m *Monitor) reset(sampleTime time.Duration) {
m.bytes += m.sBytes
m.samples++
m.sBytes = 0
m.sLast = sampleTime
}
// waitNextSample sleeps for the remainder of the current sample. The lock is
// released and reacquired during the actual sleep period, so it's possible for
// the transfer to be inactive when this method returns.
func (m *Monitor) waitNextSample(now time.Duration) time.Duration {
const minWait = 5 * time.Millisecond
current := m.sLast
// sleep until the last sample time changes (ideally, just one iteration)
for m.sLast == current && m.active {
d := current + m.sRate - now
m.mu.Unlock()
if d < minWait {
d = minWait
}
time.Sleep(d)
m.mu.Lock()
now = m.update(0)
}
return now
}