closes: #7758
This change performs the following:
* Removes the description of the non-proposers waiting
* Removes descriptions of the `Accuracy` parameter that no longer exists
* Corrects the inequality to properly reflect the `timely` check.
* Renames the consensus params to `SynchronyParams`
* Minor cosmetic fixes.
- Aug 5 2021: Draft updated to include data structure changes by @williambanfield
- Aug 20 2021: Language edits completed by @williambanfield
- Oct 25 2021: Update the ADR to match updated spec from @cason by @williambanfield
- Nov 10 2021: Additional language updates by @williambanfield per feedback from @cason
- Feb 2 2022: Synchronize logic for timely with latest version of the spec by @williambanfield
## Status
@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ The timestamp it sends is either the validator's current known Unix time or one
When a block is produced, the proposer chooses the block timestamp as the weighted median of the times in all of the `Precommit` messages the proposer received.
The weighting is proportional to the amount of voting power, or stake, a validator has on the network.
This mechanism for producing timestamps is both deterministic and byzantine fault tolerant.
This current mechanism for producing timestamps has a few drawbacks.
Validators do not have to agree at all on how close the selected block timestamp is to their own currently known Unix time.
Additionally, any amount of voting power `>1/3` may directly control the block timestamp.
@ -30,16 +31,16 @@ As a result, it is quite possible that the timestamp is not particularly meaning
These drawbacks present issues in the Tendermint protocol.
Timestamps are used by light clients to verify blocks.
Light clients rely on correspondence between their own currently known Unix time and the block timestamp to verify blocks they see;
Light clients rely on correspondence between their own currently known Unix time and the block timestamp to verify blocks they see;
However, their currently known Unix time may be greatly divergent from the block timestamp as a result of the limitations of `BFTTime`.
The proposer-based timestamps specification suggests an alternative approach for producing block timestamps that remedies these issues.
Proposer-based timestamps alter the current mechanism for producing block timestamps in two main ways:
1. The block proposer is amended to offer up its currently known Unix time as the timestamp for the next block instead of the `BFTTime`.
1. Correct validators only approve the proposed block timestamp if it is close enough to their own currently known Unix time.
1. Correct validators only approve the proposed block timestamp if it is close enough to their own currently known Unix time.
The result of these changes is a more meaningful timestamp that cannot be controlled by `<= 2/3` of the validator voting power.
The result of these changes is a more meaningful timestamp that cannot be controlled by `<= 2/3` of the validator voting power.
This document outlines the necessary code changes in Tendermint to implement the corresponding [proposer-based timestamps specification](https://github.com/tendermint/spec/tree/master/spec/consensus/proposer-based-timestamp).
## Alternative Approaches
@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ An alternate approach is to remove timestamps altogether from the block protocol
`BFTTime` is deterministic but may be arbitrarily inaccurate.
However, having a reliable source of time is quite useful for applications and protocols built on top of a blockchain.
We therefore decided not to remove the timestamp.
We therefore decided not to remove the timestamp.
Applications often wish for some transactions to occur on a certain day, on a regular period, or after some time following a different event.
All of these require some meaningful representation of agreed upon time.
The following protocols and application features require a reliable source of time:
@ -62,8 +63,8 @@ The following protocols and application features require a reliable source of ti
* Unbonding of staked assets in the Cosmos Hub [occurs after a period of 21 days](https://github.com/cosmos/governance/blob/ce75de4019b0129f6efcbb0e752cd2cc9e6136d3/params-change/Staking.md#unbondingtime).
* IBC packets can use either a [timestamp or a height to timeout packet delivery](https://docs.cosmos.network/v0.43/ibc/overview.html#acknowledgements).
Finally, inflation distribution in the Cosmos Hub uses an approximation of time to calculate an annual percentage rate.
This approximation of time is calculated using [block heights with an estimated number of blocks produced in a year](https://github.com/cosmos/governance/blob/master/params-change/Mint.md#blocksperyear).
Finally, inflation distribution in the Cosmos Hub uses an approximation of time to calculate an annual percentage rate.
This approximation of time is calculated using [block heights with an estimated number of blocks produced in a year](https://github.com/cosmos/governance/blob/master/params-change/Mint.md#blocksperyear).
Proposer-based timestamps will allow this inflation calculation to use a more meaningful and accurate source of time.
@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ These changes will be to the following components:
### Changes to `CommitSig`
The [CommitSig](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/a419f4df76fe4aed668a6c74696deabb9fe73211/types/block.go#L604) struct currently contains a timestamp.
The [CommitSig](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/a419f4df76fe4aed668a6c74696deabb9fe73211/types/block.go#L604) struct currently contains a timestamp.
This timestamp is the current Unix time known to the validator when it issued a `Precommit` for the block.
This timestamp is no longer used and will be removed in this change.
@ -103,11 +104,11 @@ type CommitSig struct {
`Precommit` and `Prevote` messages use a common [Vote struct](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/a419f4df76fe4aed668a6c74696deabb9fe73211/types/vote.go#L50).
This struct currently contains a timestamp.
This timestamp is set using the [voteTime](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/e8013281281985e3ada7819f42502b09623d24a0/internal/consensus/state.go#L2241) function and therefore vote times correspond to the current Unix time known to the validator.
This timestamp is set using the [voteTime](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/e8013281281985e3ada7819f42502b09623d24a0/internal/consensus/state.go#L2241) function and therefore vote times correspond to the current Unix time known to the validator, provided this time is greater than the timestamp of the previous block.
For precommits, this timestamp is used to construct the [CommitSig that is included in the block in the LastCommit](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/e8013281281985e3ada7819f42502b09623d24a0/types/block.go#L754) field.
For prevotes, this field is currently unused.
Proposer-based timestamps will use the timestamp that the proposer sets into the block and will therefore no longer require that a timestamp be included in the vote messages.
This timestamp is therefore no longer useful and will be dropped.
Proposer-based timestamps will use the timestamp that the proposer sets into the block and will therefore no longer require that a timestamp be included in the vote messages.
This timestamp is therefore no longer useful as part of consensus and may optionally be dropped from the message.
`Vote` will be updated as follows:
@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ This timestamp is therefore no longer useful and will be dropped.
type Vote struct {
Type tmproto.SignedMsgType `json:"type"`
Height int64 `json:"height"`
Round int32 `json:"round"`
Round int32 `json:"round"`
BlockID BlockID `json:"block_id"` // zero if vote is nil.
The proposer-based timestamp specification includes multiple new parameters that must be the same among all validators.
These parameters are `PRECISION`, `MSGDELAY`, and `ACCURACY`.
The proposer-based timestamp specification includes a pair of new parameters that must be the same among all validators.
These parameters are `PRECISION`, and `MSGDELAY`.
The `PRECISION` and `MSGDELAY` parameters are used to determine if the proposed timestamp is acceptable.
A validator will only Prevote a proposal if the proposal timestamp is considered `timely`.
A proposal timestamp is considered `timely` if it is within `PRECISION` and `MSGDELAY` of the Unix time known to the validator.
More specifically, a proposal timestamp is `timely` if `validatorLocalTime - PRECISION < proposalTime < validatorLocalTime + PRECISION + MSGDELAY`.
More specifically, a proposal timestamp is `timely` if `proposalTimestamp - PRECISION ≤ validatorLocalTime ≤ proposalTimestamp + PRECISION + MSGDELAY`.
Because the `PRECISION` and `MSGDELAY` parameters must be the same across all validators, they will be added to the [consensus parameters](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/master/proto/tendermint/types/params.proto#L13) as [durations](https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/google.protobuf#google.protobuf.Duration).
The proposer-based timestamp specification also includes a [new ACCURACY parameter](https://github.com/tendermint/spec/blob/master/spec/consensus/proposer-based-timestamp/pbts-sysmodel_001_draft.md#pbts-clocksync-external0).
Intuitively, `ACCURACY` represents the difference between the ‘real’ time and the currently known time of correct validators.
The currently known Unix time of any validator is always somewhat different from real time.
`ACCURACY` is the largest such difference between each validator's time and real time taken as an absolute value.
This is not something a computer can determine on its own and must be specified as an estimate by community running a Tendermint-based chain.
It is used in the new algorithm to [calculate a timeout for the propose step](https://github.com/tendermint/spec/blob/master/spec/consensus/proposer-based-timestamp/pbts-algorithm_001_draft.md#pbts-alg-startround0).
`ACCURACY` is assumed to be the same across all validators and therefore should be included as a consensus parameter.
The consensus will be updated to include this `Timestamp` field as follows:
The consensus parameters will be updated to include this `Synchrony` field as follows:
```diff
type ConsensusParams struct {
@ -152,15 +145,14 @@ type ConsensusParams struct {
Evidence EvidenceParams `json:"evidence"`
Validator ValidatorParams `json:"validator"`
Version VersionParams `json:"version"`
++ Timestamp TimestampParams `json:"timestamp"`
++ Synchrony SynchronyParams `json:"synchrony"`
}
```
```go
type TimestampParams struct {
Accuracy time.Duration `json:"accuracy"`
Precision time.Duration `json:"precision"`
MsgDelay time.Duration `json:"msg_delay"`
type SynchronyParams struct {
MessageDelay time.Duration `json:"message_delay"`
Precision time.Duration `json:"precision"`
}
```
@ -176,14 +168,14 @@ The timestamp the proposer sets into the `Header` will change depending on if th
#### Proposal of a block that has not previously received a polka
If a proposer is proposing a new block, then it will set the Unix time currently known to the proposer into the `Header.Timestamp` field.
If a proposer is proposing a new block then it will set the Unix time currently known to the proposer into the `Header.Timestamp` field.
The proposer will also set this same timestamp into the `Timestamp` field of the `Proposal` message that it issues.
#### Re-proposal of a block that has previously received a polka
If a proposer is re-proposing a block that has previously received a polka on the network, then the proposer does not update the `Header.Timestamp` of that block.
Instead, the proposer simply re-proposes the exact same block.
This way, the proposed block has the exact same block ID as the previously proposed block and the validators that have already received that block do not need to attempt to receive it again.
This way, the proposed block has the exact same block ID as the previously proposed block and the validators that have already received that block do not need to attempt to receive it again.
The proposer will set the re-proposed block's `Header.Timestamp` as the `Proposal` message's `Timestamp`.
@ -192,42 +184,23 @@ The proposer will set the re-proposed block's `Header.Timestamp` as the `Proposa
Block timestamps must be monotonically increasing.
In `BFTTime`, if a validator’s clock was behind, the [validator added 1 millisecond to the previous block’s time and used that in its vote messages](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/e8013281281985e3ada7819f42502b09623d24a0/internal/consensus/state.go#L2246).
A goal of adding proposer-based timestamps is to enforce some degree of clock synchronization, so having a mechanism that completely ignores the Unix time of the validator time no longer works.
Validator clocks will not be perfectly in sync.
Therefore, the proposer’s current known Unix time may be less than the previous block's `Header.Time`.
If the proposer’s current known Unix time is less than the previous block's `Header.Time`, the proposer will sleep until its known Unix time exceeds it.
This change will require amending the [defaultDecideProposal](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/822893615564cb20b002dd5cf3b42b8d364cb7d9/internal/consensus/state.go#L1180) method.
This method should now schedule a timeout that fires when the proposer’s time is greater than the previous block's `Header.Time`.
When the timeout fires, the proposer will finally issue the `Proposal` message.
#### Changes to the propose step timeout
Currently, a validator waiting for a proposal will proceed past the propose step if the configured propose timeout is reached and no proposal is seen.
Proposer-based timestamps requires changing this timeout logic.
The proposer will now wait until its current known Unix time exceeds the previous block's `Header.Time` to propose a block.
The validators must now take this and some other factors into account when deciding when to timeout the propose step.
Specifically, the propose step timeout must also take into account potential inaccuracy in the validator’s clock and in the clock of the proposer.
Additionally, there may be a delay communicating the proposal message from the proposer to the other validators.
Therefore, validators waiting for a proposal must wait until after the previous block's `Header.Time` before timing out.
To account for possible inaccuracy in its own clock, inaccuracy in the proposer’s clock, and message delay, validators waiting for a proposal will wait until the previous block's `Header.Time + 2*ACCURACY + MSGDELAY`.
The spec defines this as `waitingTime`.
The [propose step’s timeout is set in enterPropose](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/822893615564cb20b002dd5cf3b42b8d364cb7d9/internal/consensus/state.go#L1108) in `state.go`.
`enterPropose` will be changed to calculate waiting time using the new consensus parameters.
The timeout in `enterPropose` will then be set as the maximum of `waitingTime` and the [configured proposal step timeout](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/dc7c212c41a360bfe6eb38a6dd8c709bbc39aae7/config/config.go#L1013).
When the timeout fires, the proposer will finally issue the `Proposal` message.
### Changes to proposal validation rules
The rules for validating a proposed block will be modification to implement proposer-based timestamps.
The rules for validating a proposed block will be modified to implement proposer-based timestamps.
We will change the validation logic to ensure that a proposal is `timely`.
Per the proposer-based timestamps spec, `timely` only needs to be checked if a block has not received a +2/3 majority of `Prevotes` in a round.
If a block previously received a +2/3 majority of prevotes in a previous round, then +2/3 of the voting power considered the block's timestamp near enough to their own currently known Unix time in that round.
The validation logic will be updated to check `timely` for blocks that did not previously receive +2/3 prevotes in a round.
The validation logic will be updated to check `timely` for blocks that did not previously receive +2/3 prevotes in a round.
Receiving +2/3 prevotes in a round is frequently referred to as a 'polka' and we will use this term for simplicity.
#### Current timestamp validation logic
@ -250,17 +223,17 @@ This takes place in the [VerifyCommit function](https://github.com/tendermint/te
`BFTTime` validation is no longer applicable and will be removed.
This means that validators will no longer check that the block timestamp is a weighted median of `LastCommit` timestamps.
Specifically, we will remove the call to [MedianTime in the validateBlock function](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/4db71da68e82d5cb732b235eeb2fd69d62114b45/state/validation.go#L117).
The `MedianTime` function can be completely removed.
The `MedianTime` function can be completely removed.
Since `CommitSig`s will no longer contain a timestamp, the validator authenticating a commit will no longer include the `CommitSig` timestamp in the hash of fields it builds to check against the cryptographic signature.
#### Timestamp validation when a block has not received a polka
The [POLRound](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blob/68ca65f5d79905abd55ea999536b1a3685f9f19d/types/proposal.go#L29) in the `Proposal` message indicates which round the block received a polka.
A negative value in the `POLRound` field indicates that the block has not previously been proposed on the network.
A negative value in the `POLRound` field indicates that the block has not previously been proposed on the network.
Therefore the validation logic will check for timely when `POLRound < 0`.
When a validator receives a `Proposal` message, the validator will check that the `Proposal.Timestamp` is at most `PRECISION` greater than the current Unix time known to the validator, and at minimum `PRECISION + MSGDELAY` less than the current Unix time known to the validator.
When a validator receives a `Proposal` message, the validator will check that the `Proposal.Timestamp` is at most `PRECISION` greater than the current Unix time known to the validator, and at maximum `PRECISION + MSGDELAY` less than the current Unix time known to the validator.
If the timestamp is not within these bounds, the proposed block will not be considered `timely`.
Once a full block matching the `Proposal` message is received, the validator will also check that the timestamp in the `Header.Timestamp` of the block matches this `Proposal.Timestamp`.
@ -275,13 +248,33 @@ When a block is re-proposed that has already received a +2/3 majority of `Prevot
A validator will not check that the `Proposal` is `timely` if the propose message has a non-negative `POLRound`.
If the `POLRound` is non-negative, each validator will simply ensure that it received the `Prevote` messages for the proposed block in the round indicated by `POLRound`.
If the validator did not receive `Prevote` messages for the proposed block in `POLRound`, then it will prevote nil.
If the validator does not receive `Prevote` messages for the proposed block before the proposal timeout, then it will prevote nil.
Validators already check that +2/3 prevotes were seen in `POLRound`, so this does not represent a change to the prevote logic.
A validator will also check that the proposed timestamp is greater than the timestamp of the block for the previous height.
If the timestamp is not greater than the previous block's timestamp, the block will not be considered valid, which is the same as the current logic.
Additionally, this validation logic can be updated to check that the `Proposal.Timestamp` matches the `Header.Timestamp` of the proposed block, but it is less relevant since checking that votes were received is sufficient to ensure the block timestamp is correct.
Additionally, this validation logic can be updated to check that the `Proposal.Timestamp` matches the `Header.Timestamp` of the proposed block, but it is less relevant since checking that votes were received is sufficient to ensure the block timestamp is correct.
#### Relaxation of the 'Timely' check
The `Synchrony` parameters, `MessageDelay` and `Precision` provide a means to bound the timestamp of a proposed block.
Selecting values that are too small presents a possible liveness issue for the network.
If a Tendermint network selects a `MessageDelay` parameter that does not accurately reflect the time to broadcast a proposal message to all of the validators on the network, nodes will begin rejecting proposals from otherwise correct proposers because these proposals will appear to be too far in the past.
`MessageDelay` and `Precision` are planned to be configured as `ConsensusParams`.
A very common way to update `ConsensusParams` is by executing a transaction included in a block that specifies new values for them.
However, if the network is unable to produce blocks because of this liveness issue, no such transaction may be executed.
To prevent this dangerous condition, we will add a relaxation mechanism to the `Timely` predicate.
If consensus takes more than 10 rounds to produce a block for any reason, the `MessageDelay` will be doubled.
This doubling will continue for each subsequent 10 rounds of consensus.
This will enable chains that selected too small of a value for the `MessageDelay` parameter to eventually issue a transaction and readjust the parameters to more accurately reflect the broadcast time.
This liveness issue is not as problematic for chains with very small `Precision` values.
Operators can more easily readjust local validator clocks to be more aligned.
Additionally, chains that wish to increase a small `Precision` value can still take advantage of the `MessageDelay` relaxation, waiting for the `MessageDelay` value to grow significantly and issuing proposals with timestamps that are far in the past of their peers.
For more discussion of this, see [issue 371](https://github.com/tendermint/spec/issues/371).
### Changes to the prevote step
@ -289,7 +282,7 @@ Currently, a validator will prevote a proposal in one of three cases:
* Case 1: Validator has no locked block and receives a valid proposal.
* Case 2: Validator has a locked block and receives a valid proposal matching its locked block.
* Case 3: Validator has a locked block, sees a valid proposal not matching its locked block but sees +⅔ prevotes for the proposal’s block, either in the current round or in a round greater than or equal to the round in which it locked its locked block.
* Case 3: Validator has a locked block, sees a valid proposal not matching its locked block but sees +2/3 prevotes for the proposal’s block, either in the current round or in a round greater than or equal to the round in which it locked its locked block.
The only change we will make to the prevote step is to what a validator considers a valid proposal as detailed above.
@ -337,3 +330,4 @@ This skew will be bound by the `PRECISION` value, so it is unlikely to be too la
William Banfield
3 years ago
GitHub