diff --git a/account/account.go b/account/account.go
index 175a7bb94..97af5e050 100644
--- a/account/account.go
+++ b/account/account.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/merkle"
 	ptypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/permission/types"
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func HashSignBytes(chainID string, o Signable) []byte {
 
 // Account resides in the application state, and is mutated by transactions
 // on the blockchain.
-// Serialized by binary.[read|write]Reflect
+// Serialized by wire.[read|write]Reflect
 type Account struct {
 	Address     []byte `json:"address"`
 	PubKey      PubKey `json:"pub_key"`
@@ -61,14 +61,14 @@ func (acc *Account) String() string {
 }
 
 func AccountEncoder(o interface{}, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteBinary(o.(*Account), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(o.(*Account), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func AccountDecoder(r io.Reader, n *int64, err *error) interface{} {
-	return binary.ReadBinary(&Account{}, r, n, err)
+	return wire.ReadBinary(&Account{}, r, n, err)
 }
 
-var AccountCodec = binary.Codec{
+var AccountCodec = wire.Codec{
 	Encode: AccountEncoder,
 	Decode: AccountDecoder,
 }
diff --git a/account/priv_account.go b/account/priv_account.go
index c97d03940..9310d9d53 100644
--- a/account/priv_account.go
+++ b/account/priv_account.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package account
 
 import (
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/tendermint/ed25519"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 )
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func GenPrivAccount() *PrivAccount {
 
 // Generates a new account with private key from SHA256 hash of a secret
 func GenPrivAccountFromSecret(secret []byte) *PrivAccount {
-	privKey32 := binary.BinarySha256(secret) // Not Ripemd160 because we want 32 bytes.
+	privKey32 := wire.BinarySha256(secret) // Not Ripemd160 because we want 32 bytes.
 	privKeyBytes := new([64]byte)
 	copy(privKeyBytes[:32], privKey32)
 	pubKeyBytes := ed25519.MakePublicKey(privKeyBytes)
diff --git a/account/priv_key.go b/account/priv_key.go
index c3eb5027f..87b65821c 100644
--- a/account/priv_key.go
+++ b/account/priv_key.go
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package account
 import (
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/tendermint/ed25519"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/tendermint/ed25519/extra25519"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 )
 
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ const (
 	PrivKeyTypeEd25519 = byte(0x01)
 )
 
-// for binary.readReflect
-var _ = binary.RegisterInterface(
+// for wire.readReflect
+var _ = wire.RegisterInterface(
 	struct{ PrivKey }{},
-	binary.ConcreteType{PrivKeyEd25519{}, PrivKeyTypeEd25519},
+	wire.ConcreteType{PrivKeyEd25519{}, PrivKeyTypeEd25519},
 )
 
 //-------------------------------------
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func (privKey PrivKeyEd25519) String() string {
 
 // Deterministically generates new priv-key bytes from key.
 func (key PrivKeyEd25519) Generate(index int) PrivKeyEd25519 {
-	newBytes := binary.BinarySha256(struct {
+	newBytes := wire.BinarySha256(struct {
 		PrivKey [64]byte
 		Index   int
 	}{key, index})
diff --git a/account/pub_key.go b/account/pub_key.go
index 1a307989b..c83c1e2b1 100644
--- a/account/pub_key.go
+++ b/account/pub_key.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/tendermint/ed25519"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/tendermint/ed25519/extra25519"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/golang.org/x/crypto/ripemd160"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 )
 
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ const (
 	PubKeyTypeEd25519 = byte(0x01)
 )
 
-// for binary.readReflect
-var _ = binary.RegisterInterface(
+// for wire.readReflect
+var _ = wire.RegisterInterface(
 	struct{ PubKey }{},
-	binary.ConcreteType{PubKeyEd25519{}, PubKeyTypeEd25519},
+	wire.ConcreteType{PubKeyEd25519{}, PubKeyTypeEd25519},
 )
 
 //-------------------------------------
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ type PubKeyEd25519 [32]byte
 // compatibility for when the pubkey wasn't fixed length array
 func (pubKey PubKeyEd25519) Address() []byte {
 	w, n, err := new(bytes.Buffer), new(int64), new(error)
-	binary.WriteBinary(pubKey[:], w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(pubKey[:], w, n, err)
 	if *err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(*err)
 	}
diff --git a/account/signature.go b/account/signature.go
index a858cb0fd..fbf3cdda0 100644
--- a/account/signature.go
+++ b/account/signature.go
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package account
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 )
 
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ const (
 	SignatureTypeEd25519 = byte(0x01)
 )
 
-// for binary.readReflect
-var _ = binary.RegisterInterface(
+// for wire.readReflect
+var _ = wire.RegisterInterface(
 	struct{ Signature }{},
-	binary.ConcreteType{SignatureEd25519{}, SignatureTypeEd25519},
+	wire.ConcreteType{SignatureEd25519{}, SignatureTypeEd25519},
 )
 
 //-------------------------------------
diff --git a/account/signature_test.go b/account/signature_test.go
index 4a64b94a4..b9d456588 100644
--- a/account/signature_test.go
+++ b/account/signature_test.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/tendermint/ed25519"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 )
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func TestBinaryDecode(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Logf("msg: %X, sig: %X", msg, sig)
 
 	buf, n, err := new(bytes.Buffer), new(int64), new(error)
-	binary.WriteBinary(sig, buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(sig, buf, n, err)
 	if *err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to write Signature: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func TestBinaryDecode(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Unexpected signature type byte")
 	}
 
-	sig2, ok := binary.ReadBinary(SignatureEd25519{}, buf, n, err).(SignatureEd25519)
+	sig2, ok := wire.ReadBinary(SignatureEd25519{}, buf, n, err).(SignatureEd25519)
 	if !ok || *err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to read Signature: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/blockchain/reactor.go b/blockchain/reactor.go
index 2c03fc1bd..fba51de27 100644
--- a/blockchain/reactor.go
+++ b/blockchain/reactor.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/events"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/p2p"
@@ -271,19 +271,19 @@ const (
 
 type BlockchainMessage interface{}
 
-var _ = binary.RegisterInterface(
+var _ = wire.RegisterInterface(
 	struct{ BlockchainMessage }{},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&bcBlockRequestMessage{}, msgTypeBlockRequest},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&bcBlockResponseMessage{}, msgTypeBlockResponse},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&bcStatusResponseMessage{}, msgTypeStatusResponse},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&bcStatusRequestMessage{}, msgTypeStatusRequest},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&bcBlockRequestMessage{}, msgTypeBlockRequest},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&bcBlockResponseMessage{}, msgTypeBlockResponse},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&bcStatusResponseMessage{}, msgTypeStatusResponse},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&bcStatusRequestMessage{}, msgTypeStatusRequest},
 )
 
 func DecodeMessage(bz []byte) (msgType byte, msg BlockchainMessage, err error) {
 	msgType = bz[0]
 	n := new(int64)
 	r := bytes.NewReader(bz)
-	msg = binary.ReadBinary(struct{ BlockchainMessage }{}, r, n, &err).(struct{ BlockchainMessage }).BlockchainMessage
+	msg = wire.ReadBinary(struct{ BlockchainMessage }{}, r, n, &err).(struct{ BlockchainMessage }).BlockchainMessage
 	return
 }
 
diff --git a/blockchain/store.go b/blockchain/store.go
index 54e5f475d..e4488a3f5 100644
--- a/blockchain/store.go
+++ b/blockchain/store.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	dbm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/db"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func (bs *BlockStore) LoadBlock(height int) *types.Block {
 	if r == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	meta := binary.ReadBinary(&types.BlockMeta{}, r, &n, &err).(*types.BlockMeta)
+	meta := wire.ReadBinary(&types.BlockMeta{}, r, &n, &err).(*types.BlockMeta)
 	if err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(Fmt("Error reading block meta: %v", err))
 	}
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func (bs *BlockStore) LoadBlock(height int) *types.Block {
 		part := bs.LoadBlockPart(height, i)
 		bytez = append(bytez, part.Bytes...)
 	}
-	block := binary.ReadBinary(&types.Block{}, bytes.NewReader(bytez), &n, &err).(*types.Block)
+	block := wire.ReadBinary(&types.Block{}, bytes.NewReader(bytez), &n, &err).(*types.Block)
 	if err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(Fmt("Error reading block: %v", err))
 	}
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ func (bs *BlockStore) LoadBlockPart(height int, index int) *types.Part {
 	if r == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	part := binary.ReadBinary(&types.Part{}, r, &n, &err).(*types.Part)
+	part := wire.ReadBinary(&types.Part{}, r, &n, &err).(*types.Part)
 	if err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(Fmt("Error reading block part: %v", err))
 	}
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (bs *BlockStore) LoadBlockMeta(height int) *types.BlockMeta {
 	if r == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	meta := binary.ReadBinary(&types.BlockMeta{}, r, &n, &err).(*types.BlockMeta)
+	meta := wire.ReadBinary(&types.BlockMeta{}, r, &n, &err).(*types.BlockMeta)
 	if err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(Fmt("Error reading block meta: %v", err))
 	}
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func (bs *BlockStore) LoadBlockValidation(height int) *types.Validation {
 	if r == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	validation := binary.ReadBinary(&types.Validation{}, r, &n, &err).(*types.Validation)
+	validation := wire.ReadBinary(&types.Validation{}, r, &n, &err).(*types.Validation)
 	if err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(Fmt("Error reading validation: %v", err))
 	}
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func (bs *BlockStore) LoadSeenValidation(height int) *types.Validation {
 	if r == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	validation := binary.ReadBinary(&types.Validation{}, r, &n, &err).(*types.Validation)
+	validation := wire.ReadBinary(&types.Validation{}, r, &n, &err).(*types.Validation)
 	if err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(Fmt("Error reading validation: %v", err))
 	}
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (bs *BlockStore) SaveBlock(block *types.Block, blockParts *types.PartSet, s
 
 	// Save block meta
 	meta := types.NewBlockMeta(block, blockParts)
-	metaBytes := binary.BinaryBytes(meta)
+	metaBytes := wire.BinaryBytes(meta)
 	bs.db.Set(calcBlockMetaKey(height), metaBytes)
 
 	// Save block parts
@@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ func (bs *BlockStore) SaveBlock(block *types.Block, blockParts *types.PartSet, s
 	}
 
 	// Save block validation (duplicate and separate from the Block)
-	blockValidationBytes := binary.BinaryBytes(block.LastValidation)
+	blockValidationBytes := wire.BinaryBytes(block.LastValidation)
 	bs.db.Set(calcBlockValidationKey(height-1), blockValidationBytes)
 
 	// Save seen validation (seen +2/3 precommits for block)
-	seenValidationBytes := binary.BinaryBytes(seenValidation)
+	seenValidationBytes := wire.BinaryBytes(seenValidation)
 	bs.db.Set(calcSeenValidationKey(height), seenValidationBytes)
 
 	// Save new BlockStoreStateJSON descriptor
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func (bs *BlockStore) saveBlockPart(height int, index int, part *types.Part) {
 	if height != bs.height+1 {
 		PanicSanity(Fmt("BlockStore can only save contiguous blocks. Wanted %v, got %v", bs.height+1, height))
 	}
-	partBytes := binary.BinaryBytes(part)
+	partBytes := wire.BinaryBytes(part)
 	bs.db.Set(calcBlockPartKey(height, index), partBytes)
 }
 
diff --git a/cmd/barak/barak.go b/cmd/barak/barak.go
index affe16930..8cffee1f4 100644
--- a/cmd/barak/barak.go
+++ b/cmd/barak/barak.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/cmd/barak/types"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	pcm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/process"
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func ReadBarakOptions(optFile string) *BarakOptions {
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(Fmt("Error reading input: %v", err))
 	}
-	opt := binary.ReadJSON(&BarakOptions{}, optBytes, &err).(*BarakOptions)
+	opt := wire.ReadJSON(&BarakOptions{}, optBytes, &err).(*BarakOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(Fmt("Error parsing input: %v", err))
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/barak/main.go b/cmd/barak/main.go
index c2e64e6ca..2c5e5085e 100644
--- a/cmd/barak/main.go
+++ b/cmd/barak/main.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/cmd/barak/types"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	cfg "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/config"
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func Run(authCommand AuthCommand) (interface{}, error) {
 
 func parseValidateCommandStr(authCommandStr string) (Command, error) {
 	var err error
-	authCommand := binary.ReadJSON(AuthCommand{}, []byte(authCommandStr), &err).(AuthCommand)
+	authCommand := wire.ReadJSON(AuthCommand{}, []byte(authCommandStr), &err).(AuthCommand)
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Printf("Failed to parse auth_command")
 		return nil, errors.New("AuthCommand parse error")
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ func parseValidateCommand(authCommand AuthCommand) (Command, error) {
 	}
 	// Parse command
 	var err error
-	command := binary.ReadJSON(NoncedCommand{}, []byte(commandJSONStr), &err).(NoncedCommand)
+	command := wire.ReadJSON(NoncedCommand{}, []byte(commandJSONStr), &err).(NoncedCommand)
 	if err != nil {
 		fmt.Printf("Failed to parse command")
 		return nil, errors.New("Command parse error")
diff --git a/cmd/barak/types/command.go b/cmd/barak/types/command.go
index 7a8154dec..a393273d3 100644
--- a/cmd/barak/types/command.go
+++ b/cmd/barak/types/command.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package types
 
 import (
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 )
 
 type AuthCommand struct {
@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ const (
 	commandTypeQuit          = 0x07
 )
 
-// for binary.readReflect
-var _ = binary.RegisterInterface(
+// for wire.readReflect
+var _ = wire.RegisterInterface(
 	struct{ Command }{},
-	binary.ConcreteType{CommandStartProcess{}, commandTypeStartProcess},
-	binary.ConcreteType{CommandStopProcess{}, commandTypeStopProcess},
-	binary.ConcreteType{CommandListProcesses{}, commandTypeListProcesses},
-	binary.ConcreteType{CommandServeFile{}, commandTypeServeFile},
-	binary.ConcreteType{CommandOpenListener{}, commandTypeOpenListener},
-	binary.ConcreteType{CommandCloseListener{}, commandTypeCloseListener},
-	binary.ConcreteType{CommandQuit{}, commandTypeQuit},
+	wire.ConcreteType{CommandStartProcess{}, commandTypeStartProcess},
+	wire.ConcreteType{CommandStopProcess{}, commandTypeStopProcess},
+	wire.ConcreteType{CommandListProcesses{}, commandTypeListProcesses},
+	wire.ConcreteType{CommandServeFile{}, commandTypeServeFile},
+	wire.ConcreteType{CommandOpenListener{}, commandTypeOpenListener},
+	wire.ConcreteType{CommandCloseListener{}, commandTypeCloseListener},
+	wire.ConcreteType{CommandQuit{}, commandTypeQuit},
 )
 
 type CommandStartProcess struct {
diff --git a/cmd/barak/validate.go b/cmd/barak/validate.go
index 9533fff57..839bc3209 100644
--- a/cmd/barak/validate.go
+++ b/cmd/barak/validate.go
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func ValidateHandler(handler http.Handler, validators []Validator) http.Handler
 			Path string
 		}{bodyString, pathQuery}
 		// Get sign bytes
-		signBytes := binary.BinaryBytes(tuple)
+		signBytes := wire.BinaryBytes(tuple)
 		// Validate the sign bytes.
 		//if validate(signBytes, validators,
 		log.Info("Should sign", "bytes", signBytes)
diff --git a/cmd/debora/commands.go b/cmd/debora/commands.go
index b29d6d272..84487c2a7 100644
--- a/cmd/debora/commands.go
+++ b/cmd/debora/commands.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	btypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/cmd/barak/types"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/client"
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func DownloadFile(privKey acm.PrivKey, remote string, command btypes.CommandServ
 		CommandJSONStr: string(commandBytes),
 		Signatures:     []acm.Signature{signature},
 	}
-	authCommandJSONBytes := binary.JSONBytes(authCommand)
+	authCommandJSONBytes := wire.JSONBytes(authCommand)
 	// Make request and write to outPath.
 	httpResponse, err := http.PostForm(remote+"/download", url.Values{"auth_command": {string(authCommandJSONBytes)}})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func SignCommand(privKey acm.PrivKey, nonce int64, command btypes.Command) ([]by
 		Nonce:   nonce,
 		Command: command,
 	}
-	commandJSONBytes := binary.JSONBytes(noncedCommand)
+	commandJSONBytes := wire.JSONBytes(noncedCommand)
 	signature := privKey.Sign(commandJSONBytes)
 	return commandJSONBytes, signature
 }
diff --git a/cmd/debora/main.go b/cmd/debora/main.go
index 66e19a0f6..ce4984586 100644
--- a/cmd/debora/main.go
+++ b/cmd/debora/main.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	btypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/cmd/barak/types"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	cfg "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/config"
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ func ReadConfig(configFilePath string) {
 	if err != nil {
 		Exit(Fmt("Failed to read config file %v. %v\n", configFilePath, err))
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&Config, configJSONBytes, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&Config, configJSONBytes, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		Exit(Fmt("Failed to parse config. %v", err))
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/tendermint/gen_account.go b/cmd/tendermint/gen_account.go
index a8780ae7d..2f9a4811d 100644
--- a/cmd/tendermint/gen_account.go
+++ b/cmd/tendermint/gen_account.go
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 )
 
 func gen_account() {
 	privAccount := acm.GenPrivAccount()
-	privAccountJSONBytes := binary.JSONBytes(privAccount)
+	privAccountJSONBytes := wire.JSONBytes(privAccount)
 	fmt.Printf(`Generated a new account!
 
 %v
diff --git a/cmd/tendermint/gen_tx.go b/cmd/tendermint/gen_tx.go
index 39b859bed..50d200b6f 100644
--- a/cmd/tendermint/gen_tx.go
+++ b/cmd/tendermint/gen_tx.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	dbm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/db"
 	sm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state"
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func gen_tx() {
 	// Get source pubkey
 	srcPubKeyBytes := getByteSliceFromHex("Enter source pubkey: ")
 	r, n, err := bytes.NewReader(srcPubKeyBytes), new(int64), new(error)
-	srcPubKey := binary.ReadBinary(struct{ acm.PubKey }{}, r, n, err).(struct{ acm.PubKey }).PubKey
+	srcPubKey := wire.ReadBinary(struct{ acm.PubKey }{}, r, n, err).(struct{ acm.PubKey }).PubKey
 	if *err != nil {
 		Exit(Fmt("Invalid PubKey. Error: %v", err))
 	}
@@ -103,17 +103,17 @@ func gen_tx() {
 	}
 
 	// Show the intermediate form.
-	fmt.Printf("Generated tx: %X\n", binary.BinaryBytes(tx))
+	fmt.Printf("Generated tx: %X\n", wire.BinaryBytes(tx))
 
 	// Get source privkey (for signing)
 	srcPrivKeyBytes := getByteSliceFromHex("Enter source privkey (for signing): ")
 	r, n, err = bytes.NewReader(srcPrivKeyBytes), new(int64), new(error)
-	srcPrivKey := binary.ReadBinary(struct{ acm.PrivKey }{}, r, n, err).(struct{ acm.PrivKey }).PrivKey
+	srcPrivKey := wire.ReadBinary(struct{ acm.PrivKey }{}, r, n, err).(struct{ acm.PrivKey }).PrivKey
 	if *err != nil {
 		Exit(Fmt("Invalid PrivKey. Error: %v", err))
 	}
 
 	// Sign
 	tx.Inputs[0].Signature = srcPrivKey.Sign(acm.SignBytes(config.GetString("chain_id"), tx))
-	fmt.Printf("Signed tx: %X\n", binary.BinaryBytes(tx))
+	fmt.Printf("Signed tx: %X\n", wire.BinaryBytes(tx))
 }
diff --git a/cmd/tendermint/gen_validator.go b/cmd/tendermint/gen_validator.go
index 019876fc8..e71795b6f 100644
--- a/cmd/tendermint/gen_validator.go
+++ b/cmd/tendermint/gen_validator.go
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ package main
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	sm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state"
 )
 
 func gen_validator() {
 
 	privValidator := sm.GenPrivValidator()
-	privValidatorJSONBytes := binary.JSONBytes(privValidator)
+	privValidatorJSONBytes := wire.JSONBytes(privValidator)
 	fmt.Printf(`Generated a new validator!
 Paste the following JSON into your %v file
 
diff --git a/consensus/reactor.go b/consensus/reactor.go
index 1068edd45..1778f7d56 100644
--- a/consensus/reactor.go
+++ b/consensus/reactor.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	bc "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blockchain"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus/types"
@@ -909,15 +909,15 @@ const (
 
 type ConsensusMessage interface{}
 
-var _ = binary.RegisterInterface(
+var _ = wire.RegisterInterface(
 	struct{ ConsensusMessage }{},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&NewRoundStepMessage{}, msgTypeNewRoundStep},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&CommitStepMessage{}, msgTypeCommitStep},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&ProposalMessage{}, msgTypeProposal},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&ProposalPOLMessage{}, msgTypeProposalPOL},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&BlockPartMessage{}, msgTypeBlockPart},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&VoteMessage{}, msgTypeVote},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&HasVoteMessage{}, msgTypeHasVote},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&NewRoundStepMessage{}, msgTypeNewRoundStep},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&CommitStepMessage{}, msgTypeCommitStep},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&ProposalMessage{}, msgTypeProposal},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&ProposalPOLMessage{}, msgTypeProposalPOL},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&BlockPartMessage{}, msgTypeBlockPart},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&VoteMessage{}, msgTypeVote},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&HasVoteMessage{}, msgTypeHasVote},
 )
 
 // TODO: check for unnecessary extra bytes at the end.
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ func DecodeMessage(bz []byte) (msgType byte, msg ConsensusMessage, err error) {
 	msgType = bz[0]
 	n := new(int64)
 	r := bytes.NewReader(bz)
-	msg = binary.ReadBinary(struct{ ConsensusMessage }{}, r, n, &err).(struct{ ConsensusMessage }).ConsensusMessage
+	msg = wire.ReadBinary(struct{ ConsensusMessage }{}, r, n, &err).(struct{ ConsensusMessage }).ConsensusMessage
 	return
 }
 
diff --git a/consensus/state.go b/consensus/state.go
index 0f24fe3e0..abea5b2d0 100644
--- a/consensus/state.go
+++ b/consensus/state.go
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	bc "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blockchain"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus/types"
@@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ func (cs *ConsensusState) AddProposalBlockPart(height int, part *types.Part) (ad
 		// Added and completed!
 		var n int64
 		var err error
-		cs.ProposalBlock = binary.ReadBinary(&types.Block{}, cs.ProposalBlockParts.GetReader(), &n, &err).(*types.Block)
+		cs.ProposalBlock = wire.ReadBinary(&types.Block{}, cs.ProposalBlockParts.GetReader(), &n, &err).(*types.Block)
 		log.Info("Received complete proposal", "hash", cs.ProposalBlock.Hash())
 		if cs.Step == RoundStepPropose && cs.isProposalComplete() {
 			// Move onto the next step
diff --git a/consensus/types/proposal.go b/consensus/types/proposal.go
index a1999f20d..54f54f13d 100644
--- a/consensus/types/proposal.go
+++ b/consensus/types/proposal.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
 )
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ func (p *Proposal) String() string {
 }
 
 func (p *Proposal) WriteSignBytes(chainID string, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":"%s"`, chainID)), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(`,"proposal":{"block_parts_header":`), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":"%s"`, chainID)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(`,"proposal":{"block_parts_header":`), w, n, err)
 	p.BlockPartsHeader.WriteSignBytes(w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"height":%v,"pol_round":%v`, p.Height, p.POLRound)), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"round":%v}}`, p.Round)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"height":%v,"pol_round":%v`, p.Height, p.POLRound)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"round":%v}}`, p.Round)), w, n, err)
 }
diff --git a/consensus/vote_set.go b/consensus/vote_set.go
index e2fec51b5..643cb32e8 100644
--- a/consensus/vote_set.go
+++ b/consensus/vote_set.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	sm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ func (voteSet *VoteSet) addVote(val *sm.Validator, valIndex int, vote *types.Vot
 	// Add vote.
 	voteSet.votes[valIndex] = vote
 	voteSet.votesBitArray.SetIndex(valIndex, true)
-	blockKey := string(vote.BlockHash) + string(binary.BinaryBytes(vote.BlockParts))
+	blockKey := string(vote.BlockHash) + string(wire.BinaryBytes(vote.BlockParts))
 	totalBlockHashVotes := voteSet.votesByBlock[blockKey] + val.VotingPower
 	voteSet.votesByBlock[blockKey] = totalBlockHashVotes
 	voteSet.totalVotes += val.VotingPower
diff --git a/crawler/crawl.go b/crawler/crawl.go
index 90642b85c..0a4058154 100644
--- a/crawler/crawl.go
+++ b/crawler/crawl.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package crawler
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	ctypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/core/types"
 	rpcclient "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/core_client"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ func (c *Crawler) consumeMessage(wsMsg *rpcclient.WSMsg, node *Node) error {
 		Error string
 	}
 	var err error
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, wsMsg.Data, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, wsMsg.Data, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/mempool/reactor.go b/mempool/reactor.go
index 3e930985f..2633648ca 100644
--- a/mempool/reactor.go
+++ b/mempool/reactor.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/events"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/p2p"
@@ -114,16 +114,16 @@ const (
 
 type MempoolMessage interface{}
 
-var _ = binary.RegisterInterface(
+var _ = wire.RegisterInterface(
 	struct{ MempoolMessage }{},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&TxMessage{}, msgTypeTx},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&TxMessage{}, msgTypeTx},
 )
 
 func DecodeMessage(bz []byte) (msgType byte, msg MempoolMessage, err error) {
 	msgType = bz[0]
 	n := new(int64)
 	r := bytes.NewReader(bz)
-	msg = binary.ReadBinary(struct{ MempoolMessage }{}, r, n, &err).(struct{ MempoolMessage }).MempoolMessage
+	msg = wire.ReadBinary(struct{ MempoolMessage }{}, r, n, &err).(struct{ MempoolMessage }).MempoolMessage
 	return
 }
 
diff --git a/merkle/iavl_node.go b/merkle/iavl_node.go
index 4fc04ef28..faf86890f 100644
--- a/merkle/iavl_node.go
+++ b/merkle/iavl_node.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/code.google.com/p/go.crypto/ripemd160"
 	"io"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 )
 
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ func ReadIAVLNode(t *IAVLTree, r io.Reader, n *int64, err *error) *IAVLNode {
 	node := &IAVLNode{}
 
 	// node header
-	node.height = binary.ReadInt8(r, n, err)
-	node.size = binary.ReadVarint(r, n, err)
+	node.height = wire.ReadInt8(r, n, err)
+	node.size = wire.ReadVarint(r, n, err)
 	node.key = decodeByteSlice(t.keyCodec, r, n, err)
 
 	if node.height == 0 {
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ func ReadIAVLNode(t *IAVLTree, r io.Reader, n *int64, err *error) *IAVLNode {
 		node.value = decodeByteSlice(t.valueCodec, r, n, err)
 	} else {
 		// children
-		node.leftHash = binary.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
-		node.rightHash = binary.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
+		node.leftHash = wire.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
+		node.rightHash = wire.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
 	}
 	return node
 }
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ func (node *IAVLNode) hashWithCount(t *IAVLTree) ([]byte, int) {
 // NOTE: sets hashes recursively
 func (node *IAVLNode) writeHashBytes(t *IAVLTree, w io.Writer) (n int64, hashCount int, err error) {
 	// height & size
-	binary.WriteInt8(node.height, w, &n, &err)
-	binary.WriteVarint(node.size, w, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteInt8(node.height, w, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteVarint(node.size, w, &n, &err)
 	// key is not written for inner nodes, unlike writePersistBytes
 
 	if node.height == 0 {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ func (node *IAVLNode) writeHashBytes(t *IAVLTree, w io.Writer) (n int64, hashCou
 		if node.leftHash == nil {
 			PanicSanity("node.leftHash was nil in writeHashBytes")
 		}
-		binary.WriteByteSlice(node.leftHash, w, &n, &err)
+		wire.WriteByteSlice(node.leftHash, w, &n, &err)
 		// right
 		if node.rightNode != nil {
 			rightHash, rightCount := node.rightNode.hashWithCount(t)
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func (node *IAVLNode) writeHashBytes(t *IAVLTree, w io.Writer) (n int64, hashCou
 		if node.rightHash == nil {
 			PanicSanity("node.rightHash was nil in writeHashBytes")
 		}
-		binary.WriteByteSlice(node.rightHash, w, &n, &err)
+		wire.WriteByteSlice(node.rightHash, w, &n, &err)
 	}
 	return
 }
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@ func (node *IAVLNode) save(t *IAVLTree) []byte {
 // NOTE: sets hashes recursively
 func (node *IAVLNode) writePersistBytes(t *IAVLTree, w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
 	// node header
-	binary.WriteInt8(node.height, w, &n, &err)
-	binary.WriteVarint(node.size, w, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteInt8(node.height, w, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteVarint(node.size, w, &n, &err)
 	// key (unlike writeHashBytes, key is written for inner nodes)
 	encodeByteSlice(node.key, t.keyCodec, w, &n, &err)
 
@@ -222,12 +222,12 @@ func (node *IAVLNode) writePersistBytes(t *IAVLTree, w io.Writer) (n int64, err
 		if node.leftHash == nil {
 			PanicSanity("node.leftHash was nil in writePersistBytes")
 		}
-		binary.WriteByteSlice(node.leftHash, w, &n, &err)
+		wire.WriteByteSlice(node.leftHash, w, &n, &err)
 		// right
 		if node.rightHash == nil {
 			PanicSanity("node.rightHash was nil in writePersistBytes")
 		}
-		binary.WriteByteSlice(node.rightHash, w, &n, &err)
+		wire.WriteByteSlice(node.rightHash, w, &n, &err)
 	}
 	return
 }
@@ -439,8 +439,8 @@ func (node *IAVLNode) rmd(t *IAVLTree) *IAVLNode {
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // Read a (length prefixed) byteslice then decode the object using the codec
-func decodeByteSlice(codec binary.Codec, r io.Reader, n *int64, err *error) interface{} {
-	bytez := binary.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
+func decodeByteSlice(codec wire.Codec, r io.Reader, n *int64, err *error) interface{} {
+	bytez := wire.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
 	if *err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -449,11 +449,11 @@ func decodeByteSlice(codec binary.Codec, r io.Reader, n *int64, err *error) inte
 }
 
 // Encode object using codec, then write a (length prefixed) byteslice.
-func encodeByteSlice(o interface{}, codec binary.Codec, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
+func encodeByteSlice(o interface{}, codec wire.Codec, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
 	buf, n_ := new(bytes.Buffer), new(int64)
 	codec.Encode(o, buf, n_, err)
 	if *err != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	binary.WriteByteSlice(buf.Bytes(), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteByteSlice(buf.Bytes(), w, n, err)
 }
diff --git a/merkle/iavl_proof.go b/merkle/iavl_proof.go
index 58d8468b3..2f4f7763d 100644
--- a/merkle/iavl_proof.go
+++ b/merkle/iavl_proof.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/code.google.com/p/go.crypto/ripemd160"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 )
 
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ func (branch IAVLProofInnerNode) Hash(childHash []byte) []byte {
 	hasher := ripemd160.New()
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	n, err := int64(0), error(nil)
-	binary.WriteInt8(branch.Height, buf, &n, &err)
-	binary.WriteVarint(branch.Size, buf, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteInt8(branch.Height, buf, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteVarint(branch.Size, buf, &n, &err)
 	if len(branch.Left) == 0 {
-		binary.WriteByteSlice(childHash, buf, &n, &err)
-		binary.WriteByteSlice(branch.Right, buf, &n, &err)
+		wire.WriteByteSlice(childHash, buf, &n, &err)
+		wire.WriteByteSlice(branch.Right, buf, &n, &err)
 	} else {
-		binary.WriteByteSlice(branch.Left, buf, &n, &err)
-		binary.WriteByteSlice(childHash, buf, &n, &err)
+		wire.WriteByteSlice(branch.Left, buf, &n, &err)
+		wire.WriteByteSlice(childHash, buf, &n, &err)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(Fmt("Failed to hash IAVLProofInnerNode: %v", err))
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ func (leaf IAVLProofLeafNode) Hash() []byte {
 	hasher := ripemd160.New()
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	n, err := int64(0), error(nil)
-	binary.WriteInt8(0, buf, &n, &err)
-	binary.WriteVarint(1, buf, &n, &err)
-	binary.WriteByteSlice(leaf.KeyBytes, buf, &n, &err)
-	binary.WriteByteSlice(leaf.ValueBytes, buf, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteInt8(0, buf, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteVarint(1, buf, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteByteSlice(leaf.KeyBytes, buf, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteByteSlice(leaf.ValueBytes, buf, &n, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(Fmt("Failed to hash IAVLProofLeafNode: %v", err))
 	}
diff --git a/merkle/iavl_test.go b/merkle/iavl_test.go
index b0f5d9bf9..889f8e1b3 100644
--- a/merkle/iavl_test.go
+++ b/merkle/iavl_test.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common/test"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/db"
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func N(l, r interface{}) *IAVLNode {
 
 // Setup a deep node
 func T(n *IAVLNode) *IAVLTree {
-	t := NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, binary.BasicCodec, 0, nil)
+	t := NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, wire.BasicCodec, 0, nil)
 	n.hashWithCount(t)
 	t.root = n
 	return t
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	records := make([]*record, 400)
-	var tree *IAVLTree = NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, binary.BasicCodec, 0, nil)
+	var tree *IAVLTree = NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, wire.BasicCodec, 0, nil)
 
 	randomRecord := func() *record {
 		return &record{randstr(20), randstr(20)}
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ func TestPersistence(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Construct some tree and save it
-	t1 := NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, binary.BasicCodec, 0, db)
+	t1 := NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, wire.BasicCodec, 0, db)
 	for key, value := range records {
 		t1.Set(key, value)
 	}
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ func TestPersistence(t *testing.T) {
 	hash, _ := t1.HashWithCount()
 
 	// Load a tree
-	t2 := NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, binary.BasicCodec, 0, db)
+	t2 := NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, wire.BasicCodec, 0, db)
 	t2.Load(hash)
 	for key, value := range records {
 		_, t2value := t2.Get(key)
@@ -245,15 +245,15 @@ func testProof(t *testing.T, proof *IAVLProof, keyBytes, valueBytes, rootHash []
 		return
 	}
 	// Write/Read then verify.
-	proofBytes := binary.BinaryBytes(proof)
+	proofBytes := wire.BinaryBytes(proof)
 	n, err := int64(0), error(nil)
-	proof2 := binary.ReadBinary(&IAVLProof{}, bytes.NewBuffer(proofBytes), &n, &err).(*IAVLProof)
+	proof2 := wire.ReadBinary(&IAVLProof{}, bytes.NewBuffer(proofBytes), &n, &err).(*IAVLProof)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("Failed to read IAVLProof from bytes: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 	if !proof2.Verify(keyBytes, valueBytes, rootHash) {
-		// t.Log(Fmt("%X\n%X\n", proofBytes, binary.BinaryBytes(proof2)))
+		// t.Log(Fmt("%X\n%X\n", proofBytes, wire.BinaryBytes(proof2)))
 		t.Errorf("Invalid proof after write/read. Verification failed.")
 		return
 	}
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func testProof(t *testing.T, proof *IAVLProof, keyBytes, valueBytes, rootHash []
 	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
 		badProofBytes := MutateByteSlice(proofBytes)
 		n, err := int64(0), error(nil)
-		badProof := binary.ReadBinary(&IAVLProof{}, bytes.NewBuffer(badProofBytes), &n, &err).(*IAVLProof)
+		badProof := wire.ReadBinary(&IAVLProof{}, bytes.NewBuffer(badProofBytes), &n, &err).(*IAVLProof)
 		if err != nil {
 			continue // This is fine.
 		}
@@ -273,10 +273,10 @@ func testProof(t *testing.T, proof *IAVLProof, keyBytes, valueBytes, rootHash []
 
 func TestIAVLProof(t *testing.T) {
 
-	// Convenient wrapper around binary.BasicCodec.
+	// Convenient wrapper around wire.BasicCodec.
 	toBytes := func(o interface{}) []byte {
 		buf, n, err := new(bytes.Buffer), int64(0), error(nil)
-		binary.BasicCodec.Encode(o, buf, &n, &err)
+		wire.BasicCodec.Encode(o, buf, &n, &err)
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(Fmt("Failed to encode thing: %v", err))
 		}
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ func TestIAVLProof(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Construct some random tree
 	db := db.NewMemDB()
-	var tree *IAVLTree = NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, binary.BasicCodec, 100, db)
+	var tree *IAVLTree = NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, wire.BasicCodec, 100, db)
 	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
 		key, value := randstr(20), randstr(20)
 		tree.Set(key, value)
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ func TestIAVLProof(t *testing.T) {
 func BenchmarkImmutableAvlTree(b *testing.B) {
 	b.StopTimer()
 
-	t := NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, binary.BasicCodec, 0, nil)
+	t := NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, wire.BasicCodec, 0, nil)
 	// 23000ns/op, 43000ops/s
 	// for i := 0; i < 10000000; i++ {
 	for i := 0; i < 1000000; i++ {
diff --git a/merkle/iavl_tree.go b/merkle/iavl_tree.go
index 19f9c6cdf..9ea022956 100644
--- a/merkle/iavl_tree.go
+++ b/merkle/iavl_tree.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"container/list"
 	"sync"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	dbm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/db"
 )
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ Immutable AVL Tree (wraps the Node root)
 This tree is not goroutine safe.
 */
 type IAVLTree struct {
-	keyCodec   binary.Codec
-	valueCodec binary.Codec
+	keyCodec   wire.Codec
+	valueCodec wire.Codec
 	root       *IAVLNode
 	ndb        *nodeDB
 }
 
-func NewIAVLTree(keyCodec, valueCodec binary.Codec, cacheSize int, db dbm.DB) *IAVLTree {
+func NewIAVLTree(keyCodec, valueCodec wire.Codec, cacheSize int, db dbm.DB) *IAVLTree {
 	if db == nil {
 		// In-memory IAVLTree
 		return &IAVLTree{
diff --git a/merkle/simple_tree.go b/merkle/simple_tree.go
index 42a7de6c2..af642a682 100644
--- a/merkle/simple_tree.go
+++ b/merkle/simple_tree.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/code.google.com/p/go.crypto/ripemd160"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 )
 
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ func SimpleHashFromTwoHashes(left []byte, right []byte) []byte {
 	var n int64
 	var err error
 	var hasher = ripemd160.New()
-	binary.WriteByteSlice(left, hasher, &n, &err)
-	binary.WriteByteSlice(right, hasher, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteByteSlice(left, hasher, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteByteSlice(right, hasher, &n, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(err)
 	}
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func SimpleHashFromBinaries(items []interface{}) []byte {
 // General Convenience
 func SimpleHashFromBinary(item interface{}) []byte {
 	hasher, n, err := ripemd160.New(), new(int64), new(error)
-	binary.WriteBinary(item, hasher, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(item, hasher, n, err)
 	if *err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(err)
 	}
diff --git a/node/node.go b/node/node.go
index 08b9d249c..39b6e378f 100644
--- a/node/node.go
+++ b/node/node.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	bc "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/blockchain"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus"
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func NewNode() *Node {
 		state.Save()
 		// write the gendoc to db
 		buf, n, err := new(bytes.Buffer), new(int64), new(error)
-		binary.WriteJSON(genDoc, buf, n, err)
+		wire.WriteJSON(genDoc, buf, n, err)
 		stateDB.Set(sm.GenDocKey, buf.Bytes())
 		if *err != nil {
 			log.Error("Unable to write gendoc to db", "error", err)
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ func NewNode() *Node {
 	} else {
 		genDocBytes := stateDB.Get(sm.GenDocKey)
 		err := new(error)
-		binary.ReadJSONPtr(&genDoc, genDocBytes, err)
+		wire.ReadJSONPtr(&genDoc, genDocBytes, err)
 		if *err != nil {
 			log.Error("Unable to read gendoc from db", "error", err)
 			os.Exit(1)
diff --git a/p2p/README.md b/p2p/README.md
index cfbbf5c7d..a7324b714 100644
--- a/p2p/README.md
+++ b/p2p/README.md
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func (m MConnection) TrySend(chId byte, msg interface{}) bool {}
 
 `Send(chId, msg)` is a blocking call that waits until `msg` is successfully queued
 for the channel with the given id byte `chId`.  The message `msg` is serialized
-using the `tendermint/binary` submodule's `WriteBinary()` reflection routine.
+using the `tendermint/wire` submodule's `WriteBinary()` reflection routine.
 
 `TrySend(chId, msg)` is a nonblocking call that returns false if the channel's
 queue is full.
diff --git a/p2p/connection.go b/p2p/connection.go
index 1c0bfd6d5..6d3591de3 100644
--- a/p2p/connection.go
+++ b/p2p/connection.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	flow "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/code.google.com/p/mxk/go1/flowcontrol"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary" //"github.com/tendermint/log15"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire" //"github.com/tendermint/log15"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 )
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ There are two methods for sending messages:
 
 `Send(chId, msg)` is a blocking call that waits until `msg` is successfully queued
 for the channel with the given id byte `chId`, or until the request times out.
-The message `msg` is serialized using the `tendermint/binary` submodule's
+The message `msg` is serialized using the `tendermint/wire` submodule's
 `WriteBinary()` reflection routine.
 
 `TrySend(chId, msg)` is a nonblocking call that returns false if the channel's
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func (c *MConnection) Send(chId byte, msg interface{}) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	log.Info("Send", "channel", chId, "conn", c, "msg", msg) //, "bytes", binary.BinaryBytes(msg))
+	log.Info("Send", "channel", chId, "conn", c, "msg", msg) //, "bytes", wire.BinaryBytes(msg))
 
 	// Send message to channel.
 	channel, ok := c.channelsIdx[chId]
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ func (c *MConnection) Send(chId byte, msg interface{}) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	success := channel.sendBytes(binary.BinaryBytes(msg))
+	success := channel.sendBytes(wire.BinaryBytes(msg))
 	if success {
 		// Wake up sendRoutine if necessary
 		select {
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ func (c *MConnection) TrySend(chId byte, msg interface{}) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	ok = channel.trySendBytes(binary.BinaryBytes(msg))
+	ok = channel.trySendBytes(wire.BinaryBytes(msg))
 	if ok {
 		// Wake up sendRoutine if necessary
 		select {
@@ -271,12 +271,12 @@ FOR_LOOP:
 			}
 		case <-c.pingTimer.Ch:
 			log.Info("Send Ping")
-			binary.WriteByte(packetTypePing, c.bufWriter, &n, &err)
+			wire.WriteByte(packetTypePing, c.bufWriter, &n, &err)
 			c.sendMonitor.Update(int(n))
 			c.flush()
 		case <-c.pong:
 			log.Info("Send Pong")
-			binary.WriteByte(packetTypePong, c.bufWriter, &n, &err)
+			wire.WriteByte(packetTypePong, c.bufWriter, &n, &err)
 			c.sendMonitor.Update(int(n))
 			c.flush()
 		case <-c.quit:
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ FOR_LOOP:
 		// Read packet type
 		var n int64
 		var err error
-		pktType := binary.ReadByte(c.bufReader, &n, &err)
+		pktType := wire.ReadByte(c.bufReader, &n, &err)
 		c.recvMonitor.Update(int(n))
 		if err != nil {
 			if c.IsRunning() {
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ FOR_LOOP:
 			log.Info("Receive Pong")
 		case packetTypeMsg:
 			pkt, n, err := msgPacket{}, int64(0), error(nil)
-			binary.ReadBinaryPtr(&pkt, c.bufReader, &n, &err)
+			wire.ReadBinaryPtr(&pkt, c.bufReader, &n, &err)
 			c.recvMonitor.Update(int(n))
 			if err != nil {
 				if c.IsRunning() {
@@ -573,8 +573,8 @@ func (ch *Channel) nextMsgPacket() msgPacket {
 func (ch *Channel) writeMsgPacketTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
 	packet := ch.nextMsgPacket()
 	log.Debug("Write Msg Packet", "conn", ch.conn, "packet", packet)
-	binary.WriteByte(packetTypeMsg, w, &n, &err)
-	binary.WriteBinary(packet, w, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteByte(packetTypeMsg, w, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(packet, w, &n, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		ch.recentlySent += n
 	}
@@ -585,8 +585,8 @@ func (ch *Channel) writeMsgPacketTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
 // Not goroutine-safe
 func (ch *Channel) recvMsgPacket(packet msgPacket) ([]byte, error) {
 	log.Debug("Read Msg Packet", "conn", ch.conn, "packet", packet)
-	if binary.MaxBinaryReadSize < len(ch.recving)+len(packet.Bytes) {
-		return nil, binary.ErrBinaryReadSizeOverflow
+	if wire.MaxBinaryReadSize < len(ch.recving)+len(packet.Bytes) {
+		return nil, wire.ErrBinaryReadSizeOverflow
 	}
 	ch.recving = append(ch.recving, packet.Bytes...)
 	if packet.EOF == byte(0x01) {
diff --git a/p2p/peer.go b/p2p/peer.go
index 48ab7343e..c1f12db5d 100644
--- a/p2p/peer.go
+++ b/p2p/peer.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
 )
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ func peerHandshake(conn net.Conn, ourNodeInfo *types.NodeInfo) (*types.NodeInfo,
 	Parallel(
 		func() {
 			var n int64
-			binary.WriteBinary(ourNodeInfo, conn, &n, &err1)
+			wire.WriteBinary(ourNodeInfo, conn, &n, &err1)
 		},
 		func() {
 			var n int64
-			binary.ReadBinary(peerNodeInfo, conn, &n, &err2)
+			wire.ReadBinary(peerNodeInfo, conn, &n, &err2)
 			log.Notice("Peer handshake", "peerNodeInfo", peerNodeInfo)
 		})
 	if err1 != nil {
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func (p *Peer) CanSend(chId byte) bool {
 }
 
 func (p *Peer) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
-	binary.WriteString(p.Key, w, &n, &err)
+	wire.WriteString(p.Key, w, &n, &err)
 	return
 }
 
diff --git a/p2p/pex_reactor.go b/p2p/pex_reactor.go
index 6e7ee5430..0f298d9b9 100644
--- a/p2p/pex_reactor.go
+++ b/p2p/pex_reactor.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/events"
 )
@@ -225,17 +225,17 @@ const (
 
 type PexMessage interface{}
 
-var _ = binary.RegisterInterface(
+var _ = wire.RegisterInterface(
 	struct{ PexMessage }{},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&pexRequestMessage{}, msgTypeRequest},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&pexAddrsMessage{}, msgTypeAddrs},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&pexRequestMessage{}, msgTypeRequest},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&pexAddrsMessage{}, msgTypeAddrs},
 )
 
 func DecodeMessage(bz []byte) (msgType byte, msg PexMessage, err error) {
 	msgType = bz[0]
 	n := new(int64)
 	r := bytes.NewReader(bz)
-	msg = binary.ReadBinary(struct{ PexMessage }{}, r, n, &err).(struct{ PexMessage }).PexMessage
+	msg = wire.ReadBinary(struct{ PexMessage }{}, r, n, &err).(struct{ PexMessage }).PexMessage
 	return
 }
 
diff --git a/p2p/secret_connection.go b/p2p/secret_connection.go
index 1311d42d1..a8360ac9f 100644
--- a/p2p/secret_connection.go
+++ b/p2p/secret_connection.go
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/golang.org/x/crypto/ripemd160"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	bm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 )
 
 // 2 + 1024 == 1026 total frame size
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ func shareAuthSignature(sc *SecretConnection, pubKey acm.PubKeyEd25519, signatur
 
 	Parallel(
 		func() {
-			msgBytes := bm.BinaryBytes(authSigMessage{pubKey, signature})
+			msgBytes := wire.BinaryBytes(authSigMessage{pubKey, signature})
 			_, err1 = sc.Write(msgBytes)
 		},
 		func() {
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ func shareAuthSignature(sc *SecretConnection, pubKey acm.PubKeyEd25519, signatur
 				return
 			}
 			n := int64(0) // not used.
-			recvMsg = bm.ReadBinary(authSigMessage{}, bytes.NewBuffer(readBuffer), &n, &err2).(authSigMessage)
+			recvMsg = wire.ReadBinary(authSigMessage{}, bytes.NewBuffer(readBuffer), &n, &err2).(authSigMessage)
 		})
 
 	if err1 != nil {
diff --git a/p2p/switch_test.go b/p2p/switch_test.go
index 571a2691d..688391358 100644
--- a/p2p/switch_test.go
+++ b/p2p/switch_test.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
 )
@@ -164,8 +164,8 @@ func TestSwitches(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(ch0Msgs) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("Expected to have received 1 message in ch0")
 	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(ch0Msgs[0].Bytes, binary.BinaryBytes(ch0Msg)) {
-		t.Errorf("Unexpected message bytes. Wanted: %X, Got: %X", binary.BinaryBytes(ch0Msg), ch0Msgs[0].Bytes)
+	if !bytes.Equal(ch0Msgs[0].Bytes, wire.BinaryBytes(ch0Msg)) {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected message bytes. Wanted: %X, Got: %X", wire.BinaryBytes(ch0Msg), ch0Msgs[0].Bytes)
 	}
 
 	// Check message on ch1
@@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ func TestSwitches(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(ch1Msgs) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("Expected to have received 1 message in ch1")
 	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(ch1Msgs[0].Bytes, binary.BinaryBytes(ch1Msg)) {
-		t.Errorf("Unexpected message bytes. Wanted: %X, Got: %X", binary.BinaryBytes(ch1Msg), ch1Msgs[0].Bytes)
+	if !bytes.Equal(ch1Msgs[0].Bytes, wire.BinaryBytes(ch1Msg)) {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected message bytes. Wanted: %X, Got: %X", wire.BinaryBytes(ch1Msg), ch1Msgs[0].Bytes)
 	}
 
 	// Check message on ch2
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@ func TestSwitches(t *testing.T) {
 	if len(ch2Msgs) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("Expected to have received 1 message in ch2")
 	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(ch2Msgs[0].Bytes, binary.BinaryBytes(ch2Msg)) {
-		t.Errorf("Unexpected message bytes. Wanted: %X, Got: %X", binary.BinaryBytes(ch2Msg), ch2Msgs[0].Bytes)
+	if !bytes.Equal(ch2Msgs[0].Bytes, wire.BinaryBytes(ch2Msg)) {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected message bytes. Wanted: %X, Got: %X", wire.BinaryBytes(ch2Msg), ch2Msgs[0].Bytes)
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/permission/types/snatives.go b/permission/types/snatives.go
index 5057bd42d..3fad9bd8f 100644
--- a/permission/types/snatives.go
+++ b/permission/types/snatives.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package types
 
 import (
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 )
 
 //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ const (
 	PermArgsTypeRmRole    = byte(0x07)
 )
 
-// for binary.readReflect
-var _ = binary.RegisterInterface(
+// for wire.readReflect
+var _ = wire.RegisterInterface(
 	struct{ PermArgs }{},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&HasBaseArgs{}, PermArgsTypeHasBase},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&SetBaseArgs{}, PermArgsTypeSetBase},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&UnsetBaseArgs{}, PermArgsTypeUnsetBase},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&SetGlobalArgs{}, PermArgsTypeSetGlobal},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&HasRoleArgs{}, PermArgsTypeHasRole},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&AddRoleArgs{}, PermArgsTypeAddRole},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&RmRoleArgs{}, PermArgsTypeRmRole},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&HasBaseArgs{}, PermArgsTypeHasBase},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&SetBaseArgs{}, PermArgsTypeSetBase},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&UnsetBaseArgs{}, PermArgsTypeUnsetBase},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&SetGlobalArgs{}, PermArgsTypeSetGlobal},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&HasRoleArgs{}, PermArgsTypeHasRole},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&AddRoleArgs{}, PermArgsTypeAddRole},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&RmRoleArgs{}, PermArgsTypeRmRole},
 )
 
 type HasBaseArgs struct {
diff --git a/rpc/client/client.go b/rpc/client/client.go
index 95abec98c..5fec2530e 100644
--- a/rpc/client/client.go
+++ b/rpc/client/client.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types"
 )
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ func Call(remote string, method string, params []interface{}, dest interface{})
 		Params:  params,
 		Id:      "",
 	}
-	requestBytes := binary.JSONBytes(request)
+	requestBytes := wire.JSONBytes(request)
 	requestBuf := bytes.NewBuffer(requestBytes)
 	log.Info(Fmt("RPC request to %v: %v", remote, string(requestBytes)))
 	httpResponse, err := http.Post(remote, "text/json", requestBuf)
@@ -46,6 +46,6 @@ func Call(remote string, method string, params []interface{}, dest interface{})
 	if errorStr != "" {
 		return dest, errors.New(errorStr)
 	}
-	dest = binary.ReadJSONObject(dest, resultJSONObject, &err)
+	dest = wire.ReadJSONObject(dest, resultJSONObject, &err)
 	return dest, err
 }
diff --git a/rpc/core/consensus.go b/rpc/core/consensus.go
index b97c6155c..17b878771 100644
--- a/rpc/core/consensus.go
+++ b/rpc/core/consensus.go
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package core
 
 import (
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	cm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus"
 	ctypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/core/types"
 	sm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state"
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func DumpConsensusState() (*ctypes.ResponseDumpConsensusState, error) {
 		// TODO: clean this up?
 		peerState := peer.Data.Get(cm.PeerStateKey).(*cm.PeerState)
 		peerRoundState := peerState.GetRoundState()
-		peerRoundStateStr := peer.Key + ":" + string(binary.JSONBytes(peerRoundState))
+		peerRoundStateStr := peer.Key + ":" + string(wire.JSONBytes(peerRoundState))
 		peerRoundStates = append(peerRoundStates, peerRoundStateStr)
 	}
 	return &ctypes.ResponseDumpConsensusState{roundState.String(), peerRoundStates}, nil
diff --git a/rpc/core/txs.go b/rpc/core/txs.go
index 7c316bcc0..994b1bbe7 100644
--- a/rpc/core/txs.go
+++ b/rpc/core/txs.go
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ func Call(fromAddress, toAddress, data []byte) (*ctypes.ResponseCall, error) {
 		BlockHeight: int64(st.LastBlockHeight),
 		BlockHash:   LeftPadWord256(st.LastBlockHash),
 		BlockTime:   st.LastBlockTime.Unix(),
-		GasLimit:    10000000,
+		GasLimit:    st.GetGasLimit(),
 	}
 
 	vmach := vm.NewVM(txCache, params, caller.Address, nil)
-	gas := int64(1000000000)
+	gas := st.GetGasLimit()
 	ret, err := vmach.Call(caller, callee, callee.Code, data, 0, &gas)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ func CallCode(fromAddress, code, data []byte) (*ctypes.ResponseCall, error) {
 		BlockHeight: int64(st.LastBlockHeight),
 		BlockHash:   LeftPadWord256(st.LastBlockHash),
 		BlockTime:   st.LastBlockTime.Unix(),
-		GasLimit:    10000000,
+		GasLimit:    st.GetGasLimit(),
 	}
 
 	vmach := vm.NewVM(txCache, params, caller.Address, nil)
-	gas := int64(1000000000)
+	gas := st.GetGasLimit()
 	ret, err := vmach.Call(caller, callee, code, data, 0, &gas)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
diff --git a/rpc/core_client/client.go b/rpc/core_client/client.go
index 0d71b1c46..34ecddb94 100644
--- a/rpc/core_client/client.go
+++ b/rpc/core_client/client.go
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package core_client
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	rpctypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ func argsToJson(args ...interface{}) ([]string, error) {
 	n, err := new(int64), new(error)
 	for i, a := range args {
 		buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
-		binary.WriteJSON(a, buf, n, err)
+		wire.WriteJSON(a, buf, n, err)
 		if *err != nil {
 			return nil, *err
 		}
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func argsToJson(args ...interface{}) ([]string, error) {
 }
 
 func (c *ClientJSON) RequestResponse(s rpctypes.RPCRequest) (b []byte, err error) {
-	b = binary.JSONBytes(s)
+	b = wire.JSONBytes(s)
 	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(b)
 	resp, err := http.Post(c.addr, "text/json", buf)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func binaryWriter(args ...interface{}) ([]interface{}, error) {
 	list := []interface{}{}
 	for _, a := range args {
 		buf, n, err := new(bytes.Buffer), new(int64), new(error)
-		binary.WriteJSON(a, buf, n, err)
+		wire.WriteJSON(a, buf, n, err)
 		if *err != nil {
 			return nil, *err
 		}
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ func argsToURLValues(argNames []string, args ...interface{}) (url.Values, error)
 // import statements we will need for the templates
 
 /*rpc-gen:imports:
-github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary
+github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire
 rpctypes github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types
 net/http
 io/ioutil
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ fmt
 		Id string `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ fmt
 		Id string `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/rpc/core_client/client_methods.go b/rpc/core_client/client_methods.go
index 9345b82e9..425568487 100644
--- a/rpc/core_client/client_methods.go
+++ b/rpc/core_client/client_methods.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ package core_client
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	ctypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/core/types"
 	rpctypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types"
 	sm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/state"
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) BlockchainInfo(minHeight int, maxHeight int) (*ctypes.Respo
 		Id      string                         `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                         `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) BroadcastTx(tx types.Tx) (*ctypes.Receipt, error) {
 		Id      string          `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string          `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) Call(fromAddress []byte, toAddress []byte, data []byte) (*c
 		Id      string               `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string               `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) CallCode(fromAddress []byte, code []byte, data []byte) (*ct
 		Id      string               `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string               `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) DumpConsensusState() (*ctypes.ResponseDumpConsensusState, e
 		Id      string                             `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                             `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) DumpStorage(address []byte) (*ctypes.ResponseDumpStorage, e
 		Id      string                      `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                      `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) GenPrivAccount() (*acm.PrivAccount, error) {
 		Id      string           `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string           `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) Genesis() (*sm.GenesisDoc, error) {
 		Id      string         `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string         `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) GetAccount(address []byte) (*acm.Account, error) {
 		Id      string       `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string       `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) GetBlock(height int) (*ctypes.ResponseGetBlock, error) {
 		Id      string                   `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                   `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) GetName(name string) (*types.NameRegEntry, error) {
 		Id      string              `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string              `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) GetStorage(address []byte, key []byte) (*ctypes.ResponseGet
 		Id      string                     `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                     `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) ListAccounts() (*ctypes.ResponseListAccounts, error) {
 		Id      string                       `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                       `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) ListNames() (*ctypes.ResponseListNames, error) {
 		Id      string                    `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                    `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) ListUnconfirmedTxs() ([]types.Tx, error) {
 		Id      string     `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string     `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) ListValidators() (*ctypes.ResponseListValidators, error) {
 		Id      string                         `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                         `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) NetInfo() (*ctypes.ResponseNetInfo, error) {
 		Id      string                  `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                  `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) SignTx(tx types.Tx, privAccounts []*acm.PrivAccount) (types
 		Id      string   `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string   `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ func (c *ClientHTTP) Status() (*ctypes.ResponseStatus, error) {
 		Id      string                 `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                 `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) BlockchainInfo(minHeight int, maxHeight int) (*ctypes.Respo
 		Id      string                         `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                         `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) BroadcastTx(tx types.Tx) (*ctypes.Receipt, error) {
 		Id      string          `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string          `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) Call(fromAddress []byte, toAddress []byte, data []byte) (*c
 		Id      string               `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string               `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) CallCode(fromAddress []byte, code []byte, data []byte) (*ct
 		Id      string               `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string               `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) DumpConsensusState() (*ctypes.ResponseDumpConsensusState, e
 		Id      string                             `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                             `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) DumpStorage(address []byte) (*ctypes.ResponseDumpStorage, e
 		Id      string                      `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                      `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) GenPrivAccount() (*acm.PrivAccount, error) {
 		Id      string           `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string           `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) Genesis() (*sm.GenesisDoc, error) {
 		Id      string         `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string         `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) GetAccount(address []byte) (*acm.Account, error) {
 		Id      string       `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string       `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) GetBlock(height int) (*ctypes.ResponseGetBlock, error) {
 		Id      string                   `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                   `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) GetName(name string) (*types.NameRegEntry, error) {
 		Id      string              `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string              `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) GetStorage(address []byte, key []byte) (*ctypes.ResponseGet
 		Id      string                     `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                     `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) ListAccounts() (*ctypes.ResponseListAccounts, error) {
 		Id      string                       `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                       `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) ListNames() (*ctypes.ResponseListNames, error) {
 		Id      string                    `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                    `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) ListUnconfirmedTxs() ([]types.Tx, error) {
 		Id      string     `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string     `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) ListValidators() (*ctypes.ResponseListValidators, error) {
 		Id      string                         `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                         `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) NetInfo() (*ctypes.ResponseNetInfo, error) {
 		Id      string                  `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                  `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) SignTx(tx types.Tx, privAccounts []*acm.PrivAccount) (types
 		Id      string   `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string   `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@ func (c *ClientJSON) Status() (*ctypes.ResponseStatus, error) {
 		Id      string                 `json:"id"`
 		JSONRPC string                 `json:"jsonrpc"`
 	}
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, body, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/rpc/server/handlers.go b/rpc/server/handlers.go
index 0470135be..58b51e95a 100644
--- a/rpc/server/handlers.go
+++ b/rpc/server/handlers.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/gorilla/websocket"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/events"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types"
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func jsonParamsToArgs(rpcFunc *RPCFunc, params []interface{}) ([]reflect.Value,
 func _jsonObjectToArg(ty reflect.Type, object interface{}) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	var err error
 	v := reflect.New(ty)
-	binary.ReadJSONObjectPtr(v.Interface(), object, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSONObjectPtr(v.Interface(), object, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return v, err
 	}
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ func httpParamsToArgs(rpcFunc *RPCFunc, r *http.Request) ([]reflect.Value, error
 func _jsonStringToArg(ty reflect.Type, arg string) (reflect.Value, error) {
 	var err error
 	v := reflect.New(ty)
-	binary.ReadJSONPtr(v.Interface(), []byte(arg), &err)
+	wire.ReadJSONPtr(v.Interface(), []byte(arg), &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return v, err
 	}
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ func (wsc *WSConnection) writeRoutine() {
 			return
 		case msg := <-wsc.writeChan:
 			buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
-			binary.WriteJSON(msg, buf, n, err)
+			wire.WriteJSON(msg, buf, n, err)
 			if *err != nil {
 				log.Error("Failed to marshal RPCResponse to JSON", "error", err)
 			} else {
diff --git a/rpc/server/http_server.go b/rpc/server/http_server.go
index 63f5d41f4..6d03668f6 100644
--- a/rpc/server/http_server.go
+++ b/rpc/server/http_server.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/alert"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types"
 )
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func StartHTTPServer(listenAddr string, handler http.Handler) (net.Listener, err
 
 func WriteRPCResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, res RPCResponse) {
 	buf, n, err := new(bytes.Buffer), new(int64), new(error)
-	binary.WriteJSON(res, buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteJSON(res, buf, n, err)
 	if *err != nil {
 		log.Warn("Failed to write RPC response", "error", err)
 	}
diff --git a/rpc/test/ws_helpers.go b/rpc/test/ws_helpers.go
index 830ef14dd..985ad86b8 100644
--- a/rpc/test/ws_helpers.go
+++ b/rpc/test/ws_helpers.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/gorilla/websocket"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	_ "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/config/tendermint_test"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/server"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/rpc/types"
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func unmarshalResponseNewBlock(b []byte) (*types.Block, error) {
 		Error string `json:"error"`
 	}
 	var err error
-	binary.ReadJSON(&response, b, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSON(&response, b, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ func unmarshalValidateSend(amt int64, toAddr []byte) func(string, []byte) error
 			Error string `json:"error"`
 		}
 		var err error
-		binary.ReadJSON(&response, b, &err)
+		wire.ReadJSON(&response, b, &err)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func unmarshalValidateCall(amt int64, returnCode []byte) func(string, []byte) er
 			Error string `json:"error"`
 		}
 		var err error
-		binary.ReadJSON(&response, b, &err)
+		wire.ReadJSON(&response, b, &err)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ func unmarshalValidateCallCall(origin, returnCode []byte, txid *[]byte) func(str
 			Error string `json:"error"`
 		}
 		var err error
-		binary.ReadJSON(&response, b, &err)
+		wire.ReadJSON(&response, b, &err)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
diff --git a/state/block_cache.go b/state/block_cache.go
index 3198c3b95..e30e41218 100644
--- a/state/block_cache.go
+++ b/state/block_cache.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	dbm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/db"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/merkle"
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import (
 
 func makeStorage(db dbm.DB, root []byte) merkle.Tree {
 	storage := merkle.NewIAVLTree(
-		binary.BasicCodec,
-		binary.BasicCodec,
+		wire.BasicCodec,
+		wire.BasicCodec,
 		1024,
 		db,
 	)
diff --git a/state/execution.go b/state/execution.go
index 7b43c1202..d935666e0 100644
--- a/state/execution.go
+++ b/state/execution.go
@@ -356,10 +356,10 @@ func ExecTx(blockCache *BlockCache, tx types.Tx, runCall bool, evc events.Fireab
 			return types.ErrTxInvalidAddress
 		}
 
-		createAccount := len(tx.Address) == 0
-		if createAccount {
+		createContract := len(tx.Address) == 0
+		if createContract {
 			if !hasCreateContractPermission(blockCache, inAcc) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("Account %X does not have Create permission", tx.Input.Address)
+				return fmt.Errorf("Account %X does not have CreateContract permission", tx.Input.Address)
 			}
 		} else {
 			if !hasCallPermission(blockCache, inAcc) {
@@ -383,13 +383,18 @@ func ExecTx(blockCache *BlockCache, tx types.Tx, runCall bool, evc events.Fireab
 			return types.ErrTxInsufficientFunds
 		}
 
-		if !createAccount {
+		if !createContract {
 			// Validate output
 			if len(tx.Address) != 20 {
 				log.Info(Fmt("Destination address is not 20 bytes %X", tx.Address))
 				return types.ErrTxInvalidAddress
 			}
-			// this may be nil if we are still in mempool and contract was created in same block as this tx
+			// check if its a native contract
+			if vm.RegisteredNativeContract(LeftPadWord256(tx.Address)) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("NativeContracts can not be called using CallTx. Use a contract or the appropriate tx type (eg. PermissionsTx, NameTx)")
+			}
+
+			// Output account may be nil if we are still in mempool and contract was created in same block as this tx
 			// but that's fine, because the account will be created properly when the create tx runs in the block
 			// and then this won't return nil. otherwise, we take their fee
 			outAcc = blockCache.GetAccount(tx.Address)
@@ -400,90 +405,101 @@ func ExecTx(blockCache *BlockCache, tx types.Tx, runCall bool, evc events.Fireab
 		// Good!
 		value := tx.Input.Amount - tx.Fee
 		inAcc.Sequence += 1
+		inAcc.Balance -= tx.Fee
+		blockCache.UpdateAccount(inAcc)
 
+		// The logic in runCall MUST NOT return.
 		if runCall {
 
+			// VM call variables
 			var (
 				gas     int64       = tx.GasLimit
 				err     error       = nil
 				caller  *vm.Account = toVMAccount(inAcc)
-				callee  *vm.Account = nil
+				callee  *vm.Account = nil // initialized below
 				code    []byte      = nil
+				ret     []byte      = nil
 				txCache             = NewTxCache(blockCache)
 				params              = vm.Params{
 					BlockHeight: int64(_s.LastBlockHeight),
 					BlockHash:   LeftPadWord256(_s.LastBlockHash),
 					BlockTime:   _s.LastBlockTime.Unix(),
-					GasLimit:    10000000,
+					GasLimit:    _s.GetGasLimit(),
 				}
 			)
 
-			// get or create callee
-			if !createAccount {
-
-				if outAcc == nil || len(outAcc.Code) == 0 {
-					// check if its a native contract
-					if vm.RegisteredNativeContract(LeftPadWord256(tx.Address)) {
-						return fmt.Errorf("NativeContracts can not be called using CallTx. Use a contract or the appropriate tx type (eg. PermissionsTx, NameTx)")
-					}
+			if !createContract && (outAcc == nil || len(outAcc.Code) == 0) {
+				// if you call an account that doesn't exist
+				// or an account with no code then we take fees (sorry pal)
+				// NOTE: it's fine to create a contract and call it within one
+				// block (nonce will prevent re-ordering of those txs)
+				// but to create with one contract and call with another
+				// you have to wait a block to avoid a re-ordering attack
+				// that will take your fees
+				if outAcc == nil {
+					log.Info(Fmt("%X tries to call %X but it does not exist.",
+						inAcc.Address, tx.Address))
+				} else {
+					log.Info(Fmt("%X tries to call %X but code is blank.",
+						inAcc.Address, tx.Address))
+				}
+				err = types.ErrTxInvalidAddress
+				goto CALL_COMPLETE
+			}
 
-					// if you call an account that doesn't exist
-					// or an account with no code then we take fees (sorry pal)
-					// NOTE: it's fine to create a contract and call it within one
-					// block (nonce will prevent re-ordering of those txs)
-					// but to create with one account and call with another
-					// you have to wait a block to avoid a re-ordering attack
-					// that will take your fees
-					inAcc.Balance -= tx.Fee
-					blockCache.UpdateAccount(inAcc)
-					if outAcc == nil {
-						log.Info(Fmt("Cannot find destination address %X. Deducting fee from caller", tx.Address))
-					} else {
-						log.Info(Fmt("Attempting to call an account (%X) with no code. Deducting fee from caller", tx.Address))
-					}
-					return types.ErrTxInvalidAddress
+			// get or create callee
+			if createContract {
+				if HasPermission(blockCache, inAcc, ptypes.CreateContract) {
+					callee = txCache.CreateAccount(caller)
+					log.Info(Fmt("Created new contract %X", callee.Address))
+					code = tx.Data
+				} else {
+					log.Info(Fmt("Error on execution: Caller %X cannot create contract",
+						caller.Address))
+					err = types.ErrTxPermissionDenied
+					goto CALL_COMPLETE
 				}
+			} else {
 				callee = toVMAccount(outAcc)
-				code = callee.Code
 				log.Info(Fmt("Calling contract %X with code %X", callee.Address, callee.Code))
-			} else {
-				callee = txCache.CreateAccount(caller)
-				log.Info(Fmt("Created new account %X", callee.Address))
-				code = tx.Data
+				code = callee.Code
 			}
 			log.Info(Fmt("Code for this contract: %X", code))
 
-			txCache.UpdateAccount(caller) // because we bumped nonce
-			txCache.UpdateAccount(callee) // so the txCache knows about the callee and the create and/or transfer takes effect
-
-			vmach := vm.NewVM(txCache, params, caller.Address, types.TxID(_s.ChainID, tx))
-			vmach.SetFireable(evc)
-
-			// NOTE: Call() transfers the value from caller to callee iff call succeeds.
-			ret, err := vmach.Call(caller, callee, code, tx.Data, value, &gas)
-			exception := ""
-			if err != nil {
-				exception = err.Error()
-				// Failure. Charge the gas fee. The 'value' was otherwise not transferred.
-				log.Info(Fmt("Error on execution: %v", err))
-				inAcc.Balance -= tx.Fee
-				blockCache.UpdateAccount(inAcc)
-				// Throw away 'txCache' which holds incomplete updates (don't sync it).
-			} else {
+			// Run VM call and sync txCache to blockCache.
+			{ // Capture scope for goto.
+				// Write caller/callee to txCache.
+				txCache.UpdateAccount(caller)
+				txCache.UpdateAccount(callee)
+				vmach := vm.NewVM(txCache, params, caller.Address, types.TxID(_s.ChainID, tx))
+				vmach.SetFireable(evc)
+				// NOTE: Call() transfers the value from caller to callee iff call succeeds.
+				ret, err = vmach.Call(caller, callee, code, tx.Data, value, &gas)
+				if err != nil {
+					// Failure. Charge the gas fee. The 'value' was otherwise not transferred.
+					log.Info(Fmt("Error on execution: %v", err))
+					goto CALL_COMPLETE
+				}
+
 				log.Info("Successful execution")
-				// Success
-				if createAccount {
+				if createContract {
 					callee.Code = ret
 				}
-
 				txCache.Sync()
 			}
+
+		CALL_COMPLETE: // err may or may not be nil.
+
 			// Create a receipt from the ret and whether errored.
 			log.Notice("VM call complete", "caller", caller, "callee", callee, "return", ret, "err", err)
 
 			// Fire Events for sender and receiver
 			// a separate event will be fired from vm for each additional call
 			if evc != nil {
+				exception := ""
+				if err != nil {
+					exception = err.Error()
+				}
 				evc.FireEvent(types.EventStringAccInput(tx.Input.Address), types.EventMsgCallTx{tx, ret, exception})
 				evc.FireEvent(types.EventStringAccOutput(tx.Address), types.EventMsgCallTx{tx, ret, exception})
 			}
@@ -493,7 +509,7 @@ func ExecTx(blockCache *BlockCache, tx types.Tx, runCall bool, evc events.Fireab
 			// So mempool will skip the actual .Call(),
 			// and only deduct from the caller's balance.
 			inAcc.Balance -= value
-			if createAccount {
+			if createContract {
 				inAcc.Sequence += 1
 			}
 			blockCache.UpdateAccount(inAcc)
@@ -556,7 +572,7 @@ func ExecTx(blockCache *BlockCache, tx types.Tx, runCall bool, evc events.Fireab
 				// ensure we are owner
 				if bytes.Compare(entry.Owner, tx.Input.Address) != 0 {
 					log.Info(Fmt("Sender %X is trying to update a name (%s) for which he is not owner", tx.Input.Address, tx.Name))
-					return types.ErrIncorrectOwner
+					return types.ErrTxPermissionDenied
 				}
 			} else {
 				expired = true
diff --git a/state/genesis.go b/state/genesis.go
index 03a6dd2aa..38981c44d 100644
--- a/state/genesis.go
+++ b/state/genesis.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	dbm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/db"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/merkle"
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ type GenesisDoc struct {
 
 func GenesisDocFromJSON(jsonBlob []byte) (genState *GenesisDoc) {
 	var err error
-	binary.ReadJSONPtr(&genState, jsonBlob, &err)
+	wire.ReadJSONPtr(&genState, jsonBlob, &err)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error(Fmt("Couldn't read GenesisDoc: %v", err))
 		os.Exit(1)
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func MakeGenesisState(db dbm.DB, genDoc *GenesisDoc) *State {
 	}
 
 	// Make accounts state tree
-	accounts := merkle.NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, acm.AccountCodec, defaultAccountsCacheCapacity, db)
+	accounts := merkle.NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, acm.AccountCodec, defaultAccountsCacheCapacity, db)
 	for _, genAcc := range genDoc.Accounts {
 		perm := ptypes.ZeroAccountPermissions
 		if genAcc.Permissions != nil {
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ func MakeGenesisState(db dbm.DB, genDoc *GenesisDoc) *State {
 	accounts.Set(permsAcc.Address, permsAcc)
 
 	// Make validatorInfos state tree && validators slice
-	validatorInfos := merkle.NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, ValidatorInfoCodec, 0, db)
+	validatorInfos := merkle.NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, ValidatorInfoCodec, 0, db)
 	validators := make([]*Validator, len(genDoc.Validators))
 	for i, val := range genDoc.Validators {
 		pubKey := val.PubKey
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ func MakeGenesisState(db dbm.DB, genDoc *GenesisDoc) *State {
 	}
 
 	// Make namereg tree
-	nameReg := merkle.NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, NameRegCodec, 0, db)
+	nameReg := merkle.NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, NameRegCodec, 0, db)
 	// TODO: add names, contracts to genesis.json
 
 	// IAVLTrees must be persisted before copy operations.
diff --git a/state/priv_validator.go b/state/priv_validator.go
index 615104ffd..3df14622f 100644
--- a/state/priv_validator.go
+++ b/state/priv_validator.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/consensus/types"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func LoadPrivValidator(filePath string) *PrivValidator {
 	if err != nil {
 		Exit(err.Error())
 	}
-	privVal := binary.ReadJSON(&PrivValidator{}, privValJSONBytes, &err).(*PrivValidator)
+	privVal := wire.ReadJSON(&PrivValidator{}, privValJSONBytes, &err).(*PrivValidator)
 	if err != nil {
 		Exit(Fmt("Error reading PrivValidator from %v: %v\n", filePath, err))
 	}
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (privVal *PrivValidator) save() {
 	if privVal.filePath == "" {
 		PanicSanity("Cannot save PrivValidator: filePath not set")
 	}
-	jsonBytes := binary.JSONBytes(privVal)
+	jsonBytes := wire.JSONBytes(privVal)
 	err := WriteFileAtomic(privVal.filePath, jsonBytes)
 	if err != nil {
 		// `@; BOOM!!!
diff --git a/state/state.go b/state/state.go
index da585e8a8..63782be47 100644
--- a/state/state.go
+++ b/state/state.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	dbm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/db"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/events"
@@ -49,22 +49,22 @@ func LoadState(db dbm.DB) *State {
 		return nil
 	} else {
 		r, n, err := bytes.NewReader(buf), new(int64), new(error)
-		s.ChainID = binary.ReadString(r, n, err)
-		s.LastBlockHeight = binary.ReadVarint(r, n, err)
-		s.LastBlockHash = binary.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
-		s.LastBlockParts = binary.ReadBinary(types.PartSetHeader{}, r, n, err).(types.PartSetHeader)
-		s.LastBlockTime = binary.ReadTime(r, n, err)
-		s.BondedValidators = binary.ReadBinary(&ValidatorSet{}, r, n, err).(*ValidatorSet)
-		s.LastBondedValidators = binary.ReadBinary(&ValidatorSet{}, r, n, err).(*ValidatorSet)
-		s.UnbondingValidators = binary.ReadBinary(&ValidatorSet{}, r, n, err).(*ValidatorSet)
-		accountsHash := binary.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
-		s.accounts = merkle.NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, acm.AccountCodec, defaultAccountsCacheCapacity, db)
+		s.ChainID = wire.ReadString(r, n, err)
+		s.LastBlockHeight = wire.ReadVarint(r, n, err)
+		s.LastBlockHash = wire.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
+		s.LastBlockParts = wire.ReadBinary(types.PartSetHeader{}, r, n, err).(types.PartSetHeader)
+		s.LastBlockTime = wire.ReadTime(r, n, err)
+		s.BondedValidators = wire.ReadBinary(&ValidatorSet{}, r, n, err).(*ValidatorSet)
+		s.LastBondedValidators = wire.ReadBinary(&ValidatorSet{}, r, n, err).(*ValidatorSet)
+		s.UnbondingValidators = wire.ReadBinary(&ValidatorSet{}, r, n, err).(*ValidatorSet)
+		accountsHash := wire.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
+		s.accounts = merkle.NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, acm.AccountCodec, defaultAccountsCacheCapacity, db)
 		s.accounts.Load(accountsHash)
-		validatorInfosHash := binary.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
-		s.validatorInfos = merkle.NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, ValidatorInfoCodec, 0, db)
+		validatorInfosHash := wire.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
+		s.validatorInfos = merkle.NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, ValidatorInfoCodec, 0, db)
 		s.validatorInfos.Load(validatorInfosHash)
-		nameRegHash := binary.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
-		s.nameReg = merkle.NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, NameRegCodec, 0, db)
+		nameRegHash := wire.ReadByteSlice(r, n, err)
+		s.nameReg = merkle.NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, NameRegCodec, 0, db)
 		s.nameReg.Load(nameRegHash)
 		if *err != nil {
 			// DATA HAS BEEN CORRUPTED OR THE SPEC HAS CHANGED
@@ -80,17 +80,17 @@ func (s *State) Save() {
 	s.validatorInfos.Save()
 	s.nameReg.Save()
 	buf, n, err := new(bytes.Buffer), new(int64), new(error)
-	binary.WriteString(s.ChainID, buf, n, err)
-	binary.WriteVarint(s.LastBlockHeight, buf, n, err)
-	binary.WriteByteSlice(s.LastBlockHash, buf, n, err)
-	binary.WriteBinary(s.LastBlockParts, buf, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTime(s.LastBlockTime, buf, n, err)
-	binary.WriteBinary(s.BondedValidators, buf, n, err)
-	binary.WriteBinary(s.LastBondedValidators, buf, n, err)
-	binary.WriteBinary(s.UnbondingValidators, buf, n, err)
-	binary.WriteByteSlice(s.accounts.Hash(), buf, n, err)
-	binary.WriteByteSlice(s.validatorInfos.Hash(), buf, n, err)
-	binary.WriteByteSlice(s.nameReg.Hash(), buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteString(s.ChainID, buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteVarint(s.LastBlockHeight, buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteByteSlice(s.LastBlockHash, buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(s.LastBlockParts, buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTime(s.LastBlockTime, buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(s.BondedValidators, buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(s.LastBondedValidators, buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(s.UnbondingValidators, buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteByteSlice(s.accounts.Hash(), buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteByteSlice(s.validatorInfos.Hash(), buf, n, err)
+	wire.WriteByteSlice(s.nameReg.Hash(), buf, n, err)
 	if *err != nil {
 		PanicCrisis(*err)
 	}
@@ -147,6 +147,14 @@ func (s *State) SetDB(db dbm.DB) {
 	s.DB = db
 }
 
+//-------------------------------------
+// State.params
+
+func (s *State) GetGasLimit() int64 {
+	return 1000000 // TODO
+}
+
+// State.params
 //-------------------------------------
 // State.accounts
 
@@ -294,7 +302,7 @@ func (s *State) SetValidatorInfos(validatorInfos merkle.Tree) {
 // State.storage
 
 func (s *State) LoadStorage(hash []byte) (storage merkle.Tree) {
-	storage = merkle.NewIAVLTree(binary.BasicCodec, binary.BasicCodec, 1024, s.DB)
+	storage = merkle.NewIAVLTree(wire.BasicCodec, wire.BasicCodec, 1024, s.DB)
 	storage.Load(hash)
 	return storage
 }
@@ -331,14 +339,14 @@ func (s *State) SetNameReg(nameReg merkle.Tree) {
 }
 
 func NameRegEncoder(o interface{}, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteBinary(o.(*types.NameRegEntry), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(o.(*types.NameRegEntry), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func NameRegDecoder(r io.Reader, n *int64, err *error) interface{} {
-	return binary.ReadBinary(&types.NameRegEntry{}, r, n, err)
+	return wire.ReadBinary(&types.NameRegEntry{}, r, n, err)
 }
 
-var NameRegCodec = binary.Codec{
+var NameRegCodec = wire.Codec{
 	Encode: NameRegEncoder,
 	Decode: NameRegDecoder,
 }
diff --git a/state/tx_cache.go b/state/tx_cache.go
index b4afcc9dd..2e4d17233 100644
--- a/state/tx_cache.go
+++ b/state/tx_cache.go
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ func toStateAccount(acc *vm.Account) *acm.Account {
 	if acc.StorageRoot.IsZero() {
 		storageRoot = nil
 	} else {
-		storageRoot = acc.StorageRoot.Bytes()
+		storageRoot = acc.StorageRoot.Postfix(20)
 	}
 	return &acm.Account{
 		Address:     acc.Address.Postfix(20),
diff --git a/state/tx_cache_test.go b/state/tx_cache_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..028f977e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/state/tx_cache_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package state
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+
+	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
+)
+
+func TestStateToFromVMAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	acmAcc1, _ := RandAccount(true, 456)
+	acmAcc1.StorageRoot = RandBytes(20)
+	vmAcc := toVMAccount(acmAcc1)
+	acmAcc2 := toStateAccount(vmAcc)
+
+	acmAcc1Bytes := wire.BinaryBytes(acmAcc1)
+	acmAcc2Bytes := wire.BinaryBytes(acmAcc2)
+	if !bytes.Equal(acmAcc1Bytes, acmAcc2Bytes) {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected account wire bytes\n%X vs\n%X",
+			acmAcc1Bytes, acmAcc2Bytes)
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/state/validator.go b/state/validator.go
index 44e26adb4..dcc959665 100644
--- a/state/validator.go
+++ b/state/validator.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
 )
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ func (valInfo *ValidatorInfo) Copy() *ValidatorInfo {
 }
 
 func ValidatorInfoEncoder(o interface{}, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteBinary(o.(*ValidatorInfo), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(o.(*ValidatorInfo), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func ValidatorInfoDecoder(r io.Reader, n *int64, err *error) interface{} {
-	return binary.ReadBinary(&ValidatorInfo{}, r, n, err)
+	return wire.ReadBinary(&ValidatorInfo{}, r, n, err)
 }
 
-var ValidatorInfoCodec = binary.Codec{
+var ValidatorInfoCodec = wire.Codec{
 	Encode: ValidatorInfoEncoder,
 	Decode: ValidatorInfoDecoder,
 }
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (v *Validator) String() string {
 }
 
 func (v *Validator) Hash() []byte {
-	return binary.BinaryRipemd160(v)
+	return wire.BinaryRipemd160(v)
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------
@@ -109,11 +109,11 @@ var ValidatorCodec = validatorCodec{}
 type validatorCodec struct{}
 
 func (vc validatorCodec) Encode(o interface{}, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteBinary(o.(*Validator), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteBinary(o.(*Validator), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (vc validatorCodec) Decode(r io.Reader, n *int64, err *error) interface{} {
-	return binary.ReadBinary(&Validator{}, r, n, err)
+	return wire.ReadBinary(&Validator{}, r, n, err)
 }
 
 func (vc validatorCodec) Compare(o1 interface{}, o2 interface{}) int {
diff --git a/types/block.go b/types/block.go
index 4d476e0fd..bbb5f74a4 100644
--- a/types/block.go
+++ b/types/block.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/merkle"
 )
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func (b *Block) Hash() []byte {
 }
 
 func (b *Block) MakePartSet() *PartSet {
-	return NewPartSetFromData(binary.BinaryBytes(b))
+	return NewPartSetFromData(wire.BinaryBytes(b))
 }
 
 // Convenience.
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func (h *Header) Hash() []byte {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return binary.BinaryRipemd160(h)
+	return wire.BinaryRipemd160(h)
 }
 
 func (h *Header) StringIndented(indent string) string {
diff --git a/types/part_set.go b/types/part_set.go
index b38ac8bca..d9c4c5dbc 100644
--- a/types/part_set.go
+++ b/types/part_set.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/code.google.com/p/go.crypto/ripemd160"
 
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/merkle"
 )
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func (psh PartSetHeader) Equals(other PartSetHeader) bool {
 }
 
 func (psh PartSetHeader) WriteSignBytes(w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"hash":"%X","total":%v}`, psh.Hash, psh.Total)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"hash":"%X","total":%v}`, psh.Hash, psh.Total)), w, n, err)
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------
diff --git a/types/tx.go b/types/tx.go
index 3ebb143e2..9bc8484d0 100644
--- a/types/tx.go
+++ b/types/tx.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 	ptypes "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/permission/types"
 )
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ var (
 	ErrTxInvalidPubKey        = errors.New("Error invalid pubkey")
 	ErrTxInvalidSignature     = errors.New("Error invalid signature")
 	ErrTxInvalidString        = errors.New("Error invalid string")
-	ErrIncorrectOwner         = errors.New("Error incorrect owner")
+	ErrTxPermissionDenied     = errors.New("Error permission denied")
 )
 
 type ErrTxInvalidSequence struct {
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ const (
 	TxTypePermissions = byte(0x20)
 )
 
-// for binary.readReflect
-var _ = binary.RegisterInterface(
+// for wire.readReflect
+var _ = wire.RegisterInterface(
 	struct{ Tx }{},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&SendTx{}, TxTypeSend},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&CallTx{}, TxTypeCall},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&NameTx{}, TxTypeName},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&BondTx{}, TxTypeBond},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&UnbondTx{}, TxTypeUnbond},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&RebondTx{}, TxTypeRebond},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&DupeoutTx{}, TxTypeDupeout},
-	binary.ConcreteType{&PermissionsTx{}, TxTypePermissions},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&SendTx{}, TxTypeSend},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&CallTx{}, TxTypeCall},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&NameTx{}, TxTypeName},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&BondTx{}, TxTypeBond},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&UnbondTx{}, TxTypeUnbond},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&RebondTx{}, TxTypeRebond},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&DupeoutTx{}, TxTypeDupeout},
+	wire.ConcreteType{&PermissionsTx{}, TxTypePermissions},
 )
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func (txIn *TxInput) ValidateBasic() error {
 }
 
 func (txIn *TxInput) WriteSignBytes(w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"address":"%X","amount":%v,"sequence":%v}`, txIn.Address, txIn.Amount, txIn.Sequence)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"address":"%X","amount":%v,"sequence":%v}`, txIn.Address, txIn.Amount, txIn.Sequence)), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (txIn *TxInput) String() string {
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func (txOut *TxOutput) ValidateBasic() error {
 }
 
 func (txOut *TxOutput) WriteSignBytes(w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"address":"%X","amount":%v}`, txOut.Address, txOut.Amount)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"address":"%X","amount":%v}`, txOut.Address, txOut.Amount)), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (txOut *TxOutput) String() string {
@@ -145,22 +145,22 @@ type SendTx struct {
 }
 
 func (tx *SendTx) WriteSignBytes(chainID string, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"inputs":[`, TxTypeSend)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"inputs":[`, TxTypeSend)), w, n, err)
 	for i, in := range tx.Inputs {
 		in.WriteSignBytes(w, n, err)
 		if i != len(tx.Inputs)-1 {
-			binary.WriteTo([]byte(","), w, n, err)
+			wire.WriteTo([]byte(","), w, n, err)
 		}
 	}
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(`],"outputs":[`), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(`],"outputs":[`), w, n, err)
 	for i, out := range tx.Outputs {
 		out.WriteSignBytes(w, n, err)
 		if i != len(tx.Outputs)-1 {
-			binary.WriteTo([]byte(","), w, n, err)
+			wire.WriteTo([]byte(","), w, n, err)
 		}
 	}
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(`]}]}`), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(`]}]}`), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (tx *SendTx) String() string {
@@ -178,11 +178,11 @@ type CallTx struct {
 }
 
 func (tx *CallTx) WriteSignBytes(chainID string, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"address":"%X","data":"%X"`, TxTypeCall, tx.Address, tx.Data)), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"fee":%v,"gas_limit":%v,"input":`, tx.Fee, tx.GasLimit)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"address":"%X","data":"%X"`, TxTypeCall, tx.Address, tx.Data)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"fee":%v,"gas_limit":%v,"input":`, tx.Fee, tx.GasLimit)), w, n, err)
 	tx.Input.WriteSignBytes(w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(`}]}`), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(`}]}`), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (tx *CallTx) String() string {
@@ -199,12 +199,12 @@ type NameTx struct {
 }
 
 func (tx *NameTx) WriteSignBytes(chainID string, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"data":%s,"fee":%v`, TxTypeName, jsonEscape(tx.Data), tx.Fee)), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(`,"input":`), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"data":%s,"fee":%v`, TxTypeName, jsonEscape(tx.Data), tx.Fee)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(`,"input":`), w, n, err)
 	tx.Input.WriteSignBytes(w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"name":%s`, jsonEscape(tx.Name))), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(`}]}`), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"name":%s`, jsonEscape(tx.Name))), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(`}]}`), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (tx *NameTx) ValidateStrings() error {
@@ -247,24 +247,24 @@ type BondTx struct {
 }
 
 func (tx *BondTx) WriteSignBytes(chainID string, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"inputs":[`, TxTypeBond)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"inputs":[`, TxTypeBond)), w, n, err)
 	for i, in := range tx.Inputs {
 		in.WriteSignBytes(w, n, err)
 		if i != len(tx.Inputs)-1 {
-			binary.WriteTo([]byte(","), w, n, err)
+			wire.WriteTo([]byte(","), w, n, err)
 		}
 	}
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`],"pub_key":`)), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo(binary.JSONBytes(tx.PubKey), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(`,"unbond_to":[`), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`],"pub_key":`)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo(wire.JSONBytes(tx.PubKey), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(`,"unbond_to":[`), w, n, err)
 	for i, out := range tx.UnbondTo {
 		out.WriteSignBytes(w, n, err)
 		if i != len(tx.UnbondTo)-1 {
-			binary.WriteTo([]byte(","), w, n, err)
+			wire.WriteTo([]byte(","), w, n, err)
 		}
 	}
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(`]}]}`), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(`]}]}`), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (tx *BondTx) String() string {
@@ -280,8 +280,8 @@ type UnbondTx struct {
 }
 
 func (tx *UnbondTx) WriteSignBytes(chainID string, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"address":"%X","height":%v}]}`, TxTypeUnbond, tx.Address, tx.Height)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"address":"%X","height":%v}]}`, TxTypeUnbond, tx.Address, tx.Height)), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (tx *UnbondTx) String() string {
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ type RebondTx struct {
 }
 
 func (tx *RebondTx) WriteSignBytes(chainID string, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"address":"%X","height":%v}]}`, TxTypeRebond, tx.Address, tx.Height)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"address":"%X","height":%v}]}`, TxTypeRebond, tx.Address, tx.Height)), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (tx *RebondTx) String() string {
@@ -329,12 +329,12 @@ type PermissionsTx struct {
 }
 
 func (tx *PermissionsTx) WriteSignBytes(chainID string, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"args":"`, TxTypePermissions)), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteJSON(tx.PermArgs, w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(`","input":`), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":%s`, jsonEscape(chainID))), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"tx":[%v,{"args":"`, TxTypePermissions)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteJSON(tx.PermArgs, w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(`","input":`), w, n, err)
 	tx.Input.WriteSignBytes(w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(`}]}`), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(`}]}`), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (tx *PermissionsTx) String() string {
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ func (tx *PermissionsTx) String() string {
 // This should match the leaf hashes of Block.Data.Hash()'s SimpleMerkleTree.
 func TxID(chainID string, tx Tx) []byte {
 	signBytes := acm.SignBytes(chainID, tx)
-	return binary.BinaryRipemd160(signBytes)
+	return wire.BinaryRipemd160(signBytes)
 }
 
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/types/vote.go b/types/vote.go
index 1eed092ce..c313c2497 100644
--- a/types/vote.go
+++ b/types/vote.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 
 	acm "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/account"
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/binary"
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/wire"
 	. "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/common"
 )
 
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ const (
 )
 
 func (vote *Vote) WriteSignBytes(chainID string, w io.Writer, n *int64, err *error) {
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":"%s"`, chainID)), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"vote":{"block_hash":"%X","block_parts":%v`, vote.BlockHash, vote.BlockParts)), w, n, err)
-	binary.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"height":%v,"round":%v,"type":%v}}`, vote.Height, vote.Round, vote.Type)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`{"chain_id":"%s"`, chainID)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"vote":{"block_hash":"%X","block_parts":%v`, vote.BlockHash, vote.BlockParts)), w, n, err)
+	wire.WriteTo([]byte(Fmt(`,"height":%v,"round":%v,"type":%v}}`, vote.Height, vote.Round, vote.Type)), w, n, err)
 }
 
 func (vote *Vote) Copy() *Vote {
diff --git a/vm/gas.go b/vm/gas.go
index dac978f14..fe4a43d80 100644
--- a/vm/gas.go
+++ b/vm/gas.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ const (
 	GasGetAccount    int64 = 1
 	GasStorageUpdate int64 = 1
 
+	GasBaseOp  int64 = 0 // TODO: make this 1
 	GasStackOp int64 = 1
 
 	GasEcRecover     int64 = 1
diff --git a/vm/types.go b/vm/types.go
index 970f152d1..1a6f6c3d5 100644
--- a/vm/types.go
+++ b/vm/types.go
@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ type Account struct {
 }
 
 func (acc *Account) String() string {
+	if acc == nil {
+		return "nil-VMAccount"
+	}
 	return Fmt("VMAccount{%X B:%v C:%X N:%v S:%X}",
 		acc.Address, acc.Balance, acc.Code, acc.Nonce, acc.StorageRoot)
 }
diff --git a/vm/vm.go b/vm/vm.go
index 8c16c5b79..ee1298db1 100644
--- a/vm/vm.go
+++ b/vm/vm.go
@@ -140,6 +140,18 @@ func (vm *VM) Call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas
 	return
 }
 
+// Try to deduct gasToUse from gasLeft.  If ok return false, otherwise
+// set err and return true.
+func useGasNegative(gasLeft *int64, gasToUse int64, err *error) bool {
+	if *gasLeft >= gasToUse {
+		*gasLeft -= gasToUse
+		return false
+	} else if *err == nil {
+		*err = ErrInsufficientGas
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 // Just like Call() but does not transfer 'value' or modify the callDepth.
 func (vm *VM) call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas *int64) (output []byte, err error) {
 	dbg.Printf("(%d) (%X) %X (code=%d) gas: %v (d) %X\n", vm.callDepth, caller.Address[:4], callee.Address, len(callee.Code), *gas, input)
@@ -148,12 +160,12 @@ func (vm *VM) call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas
 		pc     int64 = 0
 		stack        = NewStack(dataStackCapacity, gas, &err)
 		memory       = make([]byte, memoryCapacity)
-		ok           = false // convenience
 	)
 
 	for {
-		// If there is an error, return
-		if err != nil {
+
+		// Use BaseOp gas.
+		if useGasNegative(gas, GasBaseOp, &err) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 
@@ -424,8 +436,8 @@ func (vm *VM) call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas
 			dbg.Printf(" => 0x%X\n", res)
 
 		case SHA3: // 0x20
-			if ok = useGas(gas, GasSha3); !ok {
-				return nil, firstErr(err, ErrInsufficientGas)
+			if useGasNegative(gas, GasSha3, &err) {
+				return nil, err
 			}
 			offset, size := stack.Pop64(), stack.Pop64()
 			data, ok := subslice(memory, offset, size)
@@ -442,8 +454,8 @@ func (vm *VM) call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas
 
 		case BALANCE: // 0x31
 			addr := stack.Pop()
-			if ok = useGas(gas, GasGetAccount); !ok {
-				return nil, firstErr(err, ErrInsufficientGas)
+			if useGasNegative(gas, GasGetAccount, &err) {
+				return nil, err
 			}
 			acc := vm.appState.GetAccount(addr)
 			if acc == nil {
@@ -520,8 +532,8 @@ func (vm *VM) call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas
 
 		case EXTCODESIZE: // 0x3B
 			addr := stack.Pop()
-			if ok = useGas(gas, GasGetAccount); !ok {
-				return nil, firstErr(err, ErrInsufficientGas)
+			if useGasNegative(gas, GasGetAccount, &err) {
+				return nil, err
 			}
 			acc := vm.appState.GetAccount(addr)
 			if acc == nil {
@@ -534,8 +546,8 @@ func (vm *VM) call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas
 
 		case EXTCODECOPY: // 0x3C
 			addr := stack.Pop()
-			if ok = useGas(gas, GasGetAccount); !ok {
-				return nil, firstErr(err, ErrInsufficientGas)
+			if useGasNegative(gas, GasGetAccount, &err) {
+				return nil, err
 			}
 			acc := vm.appState.GetAccount(addr)
 			if acc == nil {
@@ -579,8 +591,8 @@ func (vm *VM) call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas
 			dbg.Printf(" => %v\n", vm.params.GasLimit)
 
 		case POP: // 0x50
-			stack.Pop()
-			dbg.Printf(" => %v\n", vm.params.GasLimit)
+			popped := stack.Pop()
+			dbg.Printf(" => 0x%X\n", popped)
 
 		case MLOAD: // 0x51
 			offset := stack.Pop64()
@@ -616,8 +628,10 @@ func (vm *VM) call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas
 
 		case SSTORE: // 0x55
 			loc, data := stack.Pop(), stack.Pop()
+			if useGasNegative(gas, GasStorageUpdate, &err) {
+				return nil, err
+			}
 			vm.appState.SetStorage(callee.Address, loc, data)
-			useGas(gas, GasStorageUpdate)
 			dbg.Printf(" {0x%X : 0x%X}\n", loc, data)
 
 		case JUMP: // 0x56
@@ -762,8 +776,8 @@ func (vm *VM) call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas
 				vm.fireCallEvent(&exception, &ret, callee, &Account{Address: addr}, args, value, gas)
 			} else {
 				// EVM contract
-				if ok = useGas(gas, GasGetAccount); !ok {
-					return nil, firstErr(err, ErrInsufficientGas)
+				if useGasNegative(gas, GasGetAccount, &err) {
+					return nil, err
 				}
 				acc := vm.appState.GetAccount(addr)
 				// since CALL is used also for sending funds,
@@ -821,8 +835,8 @@ func (vm *VM) call(caller, callee *Account, code, input []byte, value int64, gas
 
 		case SUICIDE: // 0xFF
 			addr := stack.Pop()
-			if ok = useGas(gas, GasGetAccount); !ok {
-				return nil, firstErr(err, ErrInsufficientGas)
+			if useGasNegative(gas, GasGetAccount, &err) {
+				return nil, err
 			}
 			// TODO if the receiver is , then make it the fee.
 			receiver := vm.appState.GetAccount(addr)
@@ -893,15 +907,6 @@ func firstErr(errA, errB error) error {
 	}
 }
 
-func useGas(gas *int64, gasToUse int64) bool {
-	if *gas > gasToUse {
-		*gas -= gasToUse
-		return true
-	} else {
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
 func transfer(from, to *Account, amount int64) error {
 	if from.Balance < amount {
 		return ErrInsufficientBalance
diff --git a/binary/README.md b/wire/README.md
similarity index 99%
rename from binary/README.md
rename to wire/README.md
index 9a4fa714f..3108505ed 100644
--- a/binary/README.md
+++ b/wire/README.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This documentation is out of date.
 * Pointers that don't have a declared TypeByte() are
   encoded with a leading 0x00 (nil) or 0x01.
 
-# `tendermint/binary`
+# `tendermint/wire`
 
 The `binary` submodule encodes primary types and structs into bytes.
 
diff --git a/binary/binary.go b/wire/binary.go
similarity index 99%
rename from binary/binary.go
rename to wire/binary.go
index d003a0435..3dc9cabb8 100644
--- a/binary/binary.go
+++ b/wire/binary.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
diff --git a/binary/byteslice.go b/wire/byteslice.go
similarity index 98%
rename from binary/byteslice.go
rename to wire/byteslice.go
index b7a7550a8..ee4bb941c 100644
--- a/binary/byteslice.go
+++ b/wire/byteslice.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"io"
diff --git a/binary/codec.go b/wire/codec.go
similarity index 99%
rename from binary/codec.go
rename to wire/codec.go
index e66fad276..63edb94aa 100644
--- a/binary/codec.go
+++ b/wire/codec.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
diff --git a/binary/int.go b/wire/int.go
similarity index 99%
rename from binary/int.go
rename to wire/int.go
index 3be5f224a..c63666faf 100644
--- a/binary/int.go
+++ b/wire/int.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
diff --git a/binary/int_test.go b/wire/int_test.go
similarity index 99%
rename from binary/int_test.go
rename to wire/int_test.go
index 49348fae7..3baceaa4d 100644
--- a/binary/int_test.go
+++ b/wire/int_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
diff --git a/binary/log.go b/wire/log.go
similarity index 95%
rename from binary/log.go
rename to wire/log.go
index adf434820..7b9e509a0 100644
--- a/binary/log.go
+++ b/wire/log.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/Godeps/_workspace/src/github.com/tendermint/log15"
diff --git a/binary/reflect.go b/wire/reflect.go
similarity index 99%
rename from binary/reflect.go
rename to wire/reflect.go
index a8c160cd8..03c9deb27 100644
--- a/binary/reflect.go
+++ b/wire/reflect.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"encoding/hex"
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ func writeReflectBinary(rv reflect.Value, rt reflect.Type, opts Options, w io.Wr
 		typeInfo = GetTypeInfo(rt)
 		if !rv.IsValid() {
 			// For better compatibility with other languages,
-			// as far as tendermint/binary is concerned,
+			// as far as tendermint/wire is concerned,
 			// pointers to nil values are the same as nil.
 			WriteByte(0x00, w, n, err)
 			return
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ func writeReflectJSON(rv reflect.Value, rt reflect.Type, w io.Writer, n *int64,
 		typeInfo = GetTypeInfo(rt)
 		if !rv.IsValid() {
 			// For better compatibility with other languages,
-			// as far as tendermint/binary is concerned,
+			// as far as tendermint/wire is concerned,
 			// pointers to nil values are the same as nil.
 			WriteTo([]byte("null"), w, n, err)
 			return
diff --git a/binary/reflect_test.go b/wire/reflect_test.go
similarity index 99%
rename from binary/reflect_test.go
rename to wire/reflect_test.go
index 6195fb90d..751e87a81 100644
--- a/binary/reflect_test.go
+++ b/wire/reflect_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
diff --git a/binary/string.go b/wire/string.go
similarity index 97%
rename from binary/string.go
rename to wire/string.go
index f08633a04..00ee3e999 100644
--- a/binary/string.go
+++ b/wire/string.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"io"
diff --git a/binary/time.go b/wire/time.go
similarity index 94%
rename from binary/time.go
rename to wire/time.go
index 9c678046a..c4a573345 100644
--- a/binary/time.go
+++ b/wire/time.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"io"
diff --git a/binary/util.go b/wire/util.go
similarity index 98%
rename from binary/util.go
rename to wire/util.go
index 1a4a2f417..cde0aefbf 100644
--- a/binary/util.go
+++ b/wire/util.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package binary
+package wire
 
 import (
 	"bytes"