diff --git a/lite/client/provider_test.go b/lite/client/provider_test.go
index 0bebfced0..856769d9b 100644
--- a/lite/client/provider_test.go
+++ b/lite/client/provider_test.go
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ func TestProvider(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// let's check this is valid somehow
 	assert.Nil(seed.ValidateBasic(chainID))
-	cert := lite.NewStatic(chainID, seed.Validators)
+	cert := lite.NewStaticCertifier(chainID, seed.Validators)
 
 	// historical queries now work :)
 	lower := sh - 5
diff --git a/lite/dynamic.go b/lite/dynamic_certifier.go
similarity index 60%
rename from lite/dynamic.go
rename to lite/dynamic_certifier.go
index 231aed7a4..0ddace8b6 100644
--- a/lite/dynamic.go
+++ b/lite/dynamic_certifier.go
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import (
 	liteErr "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/lite/errors"
 )
 
-var _ Certifier = &Dynamic{}
+var _ Certifier = (*DynamicCertifier)(nil)
 
-// Dynamic uses a Static for Certify, but adds an
+// DynamicCertifier uses a StaticCertifier for Certify, but adds an
 // Update method to allow for a change of validators.
 //
 // You can pass in a FullCommit with another validator set,
@@ -17,46 +17,48 @@ var _ Certifier = &Dynamic{}
 // validator set for the next Certify call.
 // For security, it will only follow validator set changes
 // going forward.
-type Dynamic struct {
-	cert       *Static
+type DynamicCertifier struct {
+	cert       *StaticCertifier
 	lastHeight int64
 }
 
 // NewDynamic returns a new dynamic certifier.
-func NewDynamic(chainID string, vals *types.ValidatorSet, height int64) *Dynamic {
-	return &Dynamic{
-		cert:       NewStatic(chainID, vals),
+func NewDynamicCertifier(chainID string, vals *types.ValidatorSet, height int64) *DynamicCertifier {
+	return &DynamicCertifier{
+		cert:       NewStaticCertifier(chainID, vals),
 		lastHeight: height,
 	}
 }
 
 // ChainID returns the chain id of this certifier.
-func (c *Dynamic) ChainID() string {
-	return c.cert.ChainID()
+// Implements Certifier.
+func (dc *DynamicCertifier) ChainID() string {
+	return dc.cert.ChainID()
 }
 
 // Validators returns the validators of this certifier.
-func (c *Dynamic) Validators() *types.ValidatorSet {
-	return c.cert.vSet
+func (dc *DynamicCertifier) Validators() *types.ValidatorSet {
+	return dc.cert.vSet
 }
 
 // Hash returns the hash of this certifier.
-func (c *Dynamic) Hash() []byte {
-	return c.cert.Hash()
+func (dc *DynamicCertifier) Hash() []byte {
+	return dc.cert.Hash()
 }
 
 // LastHeight returns the last height of this certifier.
-func (c *Dynamic) LastHeight() int64 {
-	return c.lastHeight
+func (dc *DynamicCertifier) LastHeight() int64 {
+	return dc.lastHeight
 }
 
 // Certify will verify whether the commit is valid and will update the height if it is or return an
 // error if it is not.
-func (c *Dynamic) Certify(check Commit) error {
-	err := c.cert.Certify(check)
+// Implements Certifier.
+func (dc *DynamicCertifier) Certify(check Commit) error {
+	err := dc.cert.Certify(check)
 	if err == nil {
 		// update last seen height if input is valid
-		c.lastHeight = check.Height()
+		dc.lastHeight = check.Height()
 	}
 	return err
 }
@@ -65,15 +67,15 @@ func (c *Dynamic) Certify(check Commit) error {
 // the certifying validator set if safe to do so.
 //
 // Returns an error if update is impossible (invalid proof or IsTooMuchChangeErr)
-func (c *Dynamic) Update(fc FullCommit) error {
+func (dc *DynamicCertifier) Update(fc FullCommit) error {
 	// ignore all checkpoints in the past -> only to the future
 	h := fc.Height()
-	if h <= c.lastHeight {
+	if h <= dc.lastHeight {
 		return liteErr.ErrPastTime()
 	}
 
 	// first, verify if the input is self-consistent....
-	err := fc.ValidateBasic(c.ChainID())
+	err := fc.ValidateBasic(dc.ChainID())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -82,14 +84,13 @@ func (c *Dynamic) Update(fc FullCommit) error {
 	// would be approved by the currently known validator set
 	// as well as the new set
 	commit := fc.Commit.Commit
-	err = c.Validators().VerifyCommitAny(fc.Validators, c.ChainID(),
-		commit.BlockID, h, commit)
+	err = dc.Validators().VerifyCommitAny(fc.Validators, dc.ChainID(), commit.BlockID, h, commit)
 	if err != nil {
 		return liteErr.ErrTooMuchChange()
 	}
 
 	// looks good, we can update
-	c.cert = NewStatic(c.ChainID(), fc.Validators)
-	c.lastHeight = h
+	dc.cert = NewStaticCertifier(dc.ChainID(), fc.Validators)
+	dc.lastHeight = h
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/lite/dynamic_test.go b/lite/dynamic_certifier_test.go
similarity index 97%
rename from lite/dynamic_test.go
rename to lite/dynamic_certifier_test.go
index c45371acd..88c145f95 100644
--- a/lite/dynamic_test.go
+++ b/lite/dynamic_certifier_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func TestDynamicCert(t *testing.T) {
 	vals := keys.ToValidators(20, 10)
 	// and a certifier based on our known set
 	chainID := "test-dyno"
-	cert := lite.NewDynamic(chainID, vals, 0)
+	cert := lite.NewDynamicCertifier(chainID, vals, 0)
 
 	cases := []struct {
 		keys        lite.ValKeys
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func TestDynamicUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	chainID := "test-dyno-up"
 	keys := lite.GenValKeys(5)
 	vals := keys.ToValidators(20, 0)
-	cert := lite.NewDynamic(chainID, vals, 40)
+	cert := lite.NewDynamicCertifier(chainID, vals, 40)
 
 	// one valid block to give us a sense of time
 	h := int64(100)
diff --git a/lite/inquirer.go b/lite/inquirer.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 9d0d77e51..000000000
--- a/lite/inquirer.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-package lite
-
-import (
-	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
-
-	liteErr "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/lite/errors"
-)
-
-// Inquiring wraps a dynamic certifier and implements an auto-update strategy. If a call to Certify
-// fails due to a change it validator set, Inquiring will try and find a previous FullCommit which
-// it can use to safely update the validator set. It uses a source provider to obtain the needed
-// FullCommits. It stores properly validated data on the local system.
-type Inquiring struct {
-	cert *Dynamic
-	// These are only properly validated data, from local system
-	trusted Provider
-	// This is a source of new info, like a node rpc, or other import method
-	Source Provider
-}
-
-// NewInquiring returns a new Inquiring object. It uses the trusted provider to store validated
-// data and the source provider to obtain missing FullCommits.
-//
-// Example: The trusted provider should a CacheProvider, MemProvider or files.Provider. The source
-// provider should be a client.HTTPProvider.
-func NewInquiring(chainID string, fc FullCommit, trusted Provider,
-	source Provider) (*Inquiring, error) {
-
-	// store the data in trusted
-	err := trusted.StoreCommit(fc)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return &Inquiring{
-		cert:    NewDynamic(chainID, fc.Validators, fc.Height()),
-		trusted: trusted,
-		Source:  source,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// ChainID returns the chain id.
-func (c *Inquiring) ChainID() string {
-	return c.cert.ChainID()
-}
-
-// Validators returns the validator set.
-func (c *Inquiring) Validators() *types.ValidatorSet {
-	return c.cert.cert.vSet
-}
-
-// LastHeight returns the last height.
-func (c *Inquiring) LastHeight() int64 {
-	return c.cert.lastHeight
-}
-
-// Certify makes sure this is checkpoint is valid.
-//
-// If the validators have changed since the last know time, it looks
-// for a path to prove the new validators.
-//
-// On success, it will store the checkpoint in the store for later viewing
-func (c *Inquiring) Certify(commit Commit) error {
-	err := c.useClosestTrust(commit.Height())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = c.cert.Certify(commit)
-	if !liteErr.IsValidatorsChangedErr(err) {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = c.updateToHash(commit.Header.ValidatorsHash)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = c.cert.Certify(commit)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// store the new checkpoint
-	return c.trusted.StoreCommit(NewFullCommit(commit, c.Validators()))
-}
-
-// Update will verify if this is a valid change and update
-// the certifying validator set if safe to do so.
-func (c *Inquiring) Update(fc FullCommit) error {
-	err := c.useClosestTrust(fc.Height())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = c.cert.Update(fc)
-	if err == nil {
-		err = c.trusted.StoreCommit(fc)
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
-func (c *Inquiring) useClosestTrust(h int64) error {
-	closest, err := c.trusted.GetByHeight(h)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// if the best seed is not the one we currently use,
-	// let's just reset the dynamic validator
-	if closest.Height() != c.LastHeight() {
-		c.cert = NewDynamic(c.ChainID(), closest.Validators, closest.Height())
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// updateToHash gets the validator hash we want to update to
-// if IsTooMuchChangeErr, we try to find a path by binary search over height
-func (c *Inquiring) updateToHash(vhash []byte) error {
-	// try to get the match, and update
-	fc, err := c.Source.GetByHash(vhash)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = c.cert.Update(fc)
-	// handle IsTooMuchChangeErr by using divide and conquer
-	if liteErr.IsTooMuchChangeErr(err) {
-		err = c.updateToHeight(fc.Height())
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
-// updateToHeight will use divide-and-conquer to find a path to h
-func (c *Inquiring) updateToHeight(h int64) error {
-	// try to update to this height (with checks)
-	fc, err := c.Source.GetByHeight(h)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	start, end := c.LastHeight(), fc.Height()
-	if end <= start {
-		return liteErr.ErrNoPathFound()
-	}
-	err = c.Update(fc)
-
-	// we can handle IsTooMuchChangeErr specially
-	if !liteErr.IsTooMuchChangeErr(err) {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// try to update to mid
-	mid := (start + end) / 2
-	err = c.updateToHeight(mid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// if we made it to mid, we recurse
-	return c.updateToHeight(h)
-}
diff --git a/lite/inquiring_certifier.go b/lite/inquiring_certifier.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..042bd08e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lite/inquiring_certifier.go
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+package lite
+
+import (
+	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
+
+	liteErr "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/lite/errors"
+)
+
+var _ Certifier = (*InquiringCertifier)(nil)
+
+// InquiringCertifier wraps a dynamic certifier and implements an auto-update strategy. If a call
+// to Certify fails due to a change it validator set, InquiringCertifier will try and find a
+// previous FullCommit which it can use to safely update the validator set. It uses a source
+// provider to obtain the needed FullCommits. It stores properly validated data on the local system.
+type InquiringCertifier struct {
+	cert *DynamicCertifier
+	// These are only properly validated data, from local system
+	trusted Provider
+	// This is a source of new info, like a node rpc, or other import method
+	Source Provider
+}
+
+// NewInquiringCertifier returns a new Inquiring object. It uses the trusted provider to store
+// validated data and the source provider to obtain missing FullCommits.
+//
+// Example: The trusted provider should a CacheProvider, MemProvider or files.Provider. The source
+// provider should be a client.HTTPProvider.
+func NewInquiringCertifier(chainID string, fc FullCommit, trusted Provider,
+	source Provider) (*InquiringCertifier, error) {
+
+	// store the data in trusted
+	err := trusted.StoreCommit(fc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &InquiringCertifier{
+		cert:    NewDynamicCertifier(chainID, fc.Validators, fc.Height()),
+		trusted: trusted,
+		Source:  source,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ChainID returns the chain id.
+// Implements Certifier.
+func (ic *InquiringCertifier) ChainID() string {
+	return ic.cert.ChainID()
+}
+
+// Validators returns the validator set.
+func (ic *InquiringCertifier) Validators() *types.ValidatorSet {
+	return ic.cert.cert.vSet
+}
+
+// LastHeight returns the last height.
+func (ic *InquiringCertifier) LastHeight() int64 {
+	return ic.cert.lastHeight
+}
+
+// Certify makes sure this is checkpoint is valid.
+//
+// If the validators have changed since the last know time, it looks
+// for a path to prove the new validators.
+//
+// On success, it will store the checkpoint in the store for later viewing
+// Implements Certifier.
+func (ic *InquiringCertifier) Certify(commit Commit) error {
+	err := ic.useClosestTrust(commit.Height())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = ic.cert.Certify(commit)
+	if !liteErr.IsValidatorsChangedErr(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = ic.updateToHash(commit.Header.ValidatorsHash)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = ic.cert.Certify(commit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// store the new checkpoint
+	return ic.trusted.StoreCommit(NewFullCommit(commit, ic.Validators()))
+}
+
+// Update will verify if this is a valid change and update
+// the certifying validator set if safe to do so.
+func (ic *InquiringCertifier) Update(fc FullCommit) error {
+	err := ic.useClosestTrust(fc.Height())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = ic.cert.Update(fc)
+	if err == nil {
+		err = ic.trusted.StoreCommit(fc)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (ic *InquiringCertifier) useClosestTrust(h int64) error {
+	closest, err := ic.trusted.GetByHeight(h)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// if the best seed is not the one we currently use,
+	// let's just reset the dynamic validator
+	if closest.Height() != ic.LastHeight() {
+		ic.cert = NewDynamicCertifier(ic.ChainID(), closest.Validators, closest.Height())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// updateToHash gets the validator hash we want to update to
+// if IsTooMuchChangeErr, we try to find a path by binary search over height
+func (ic *InquiringCertifier) updateToHash(vhash []byte) error {
+	// try to get the match, and update
+	fc, err := ic.Source.GetByHash(vhash)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = ic.cert.Update(fc)
+	// handle IsTooMuchChangeErr by using divide and conquer
+	if liteErr.IsTooMuchChangeErr(err) {
+		err = ic.updateToHeight(fc.Height())
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// updateToHeight will use divide-and-conquer to find a path to h
+func (ic *InquiringCertifier) updateToHeight(h int64) error {
+	// try to update to this height (with checks)
+	fc, err := ic.Source.GetByHeight(h)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	start, end := ic.LastHeight(), fc.Height()
+	if end <= start {
+		return liteErr.ErrNoPathFound()
+	}
+	err = ic.Update(fc)
+
+	// we can handle IsTooMuchChangeErr specially
+	if !liteErr.IsTooMuchChangeErr(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// try to update to mid
+	mid := (start + end) / 2
+	err = ic.updateToHeight(mid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// if we made it to mid, we recurse
+	return ic.updateToHeight(h)
+}
diff --git a/lite/inquirer_test.go b/lite/inquiring_certifier_test.go
similarity index 95%
rename from lite/inquirer_test.go
rename to lite/inquiring_certifier_test.go
index 25bf51c4f..db8160bdc 100644
--- a/lite/inquirer_test.go
+++ b/lite/inquiring_certifier_test.go
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func TestInquirerValidPath(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// initialize a certifier with the initial state
-	cert, err := lite.NewInquiring(chainID, commits[0], trust, source)
+	cert, err := lite.NewInquiringCertifier(chainID, commits[0], trust, source)
 	require.Nil(err)
 
 	// this should fail validation....
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func TestInquirerMinimalPath(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// initialize a certifier with the initial state
-	cert, _ := lite.NewInquiring(chainID, commits[0], trust, source)
+	cert, _ := lite.NewInquiringCertifier(chainID, commits[0], trust, source)
 
 	// this should fail validation....
 	commit := commits[count-1].Commit
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func TestInquirerVerifyHistorical(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// initialize a certifier with the initial state
-	cert, _ := lite.NewInquiring(chainID, commits[0], trust, source)
+	cert, _ := lite.NewInquiringCertifier(chainID, commits[0], trust, source)
 
 	// store a few commits as trust
 	for _, i := range []int{2, 5} {
diff --git a/lite/performance_test.go b/lite/performance_test.go
index 835e52f91..28c73bb08 100644
--- a/lite/performance_test.go
+++ b/lite/performance_test.go
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func BenchmarkCertifyCommitSec100(b *testing.B) {
 func benchmarkCertifyCommit(b *testing.B, keys lite.ValKeys) {
 	chainID := "bench-certify"
 	vals := keys.ToValidators(20, 10)
-	cert := lite.NewStatic(chainID, vals)
+	cert := lite.NewStaticCertifier(chainID, vals)
 	check := keys.GenCommit(chainID, 123, nil, vals, []byte("foo"), []byte("params"), []byte("res"), 0, len(keys))
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
 		err := cert.Certify(check)
diff --git a/lite/proxy/certifier.go b/lite/proxy/certifier.go
index 3dda935ea..6e319dc0d 100644
--- a/lite/proxy/certifier.go
+++ b/lite/proxy/certifier.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/lite/files"
 )
 
-func GetCertifier(chainID, rootDir, nodeAddr string) (*lite.Inquiring, error) {
+func GetCertifier(chainID, rootDir, nodeAddr string) (*lite.InquiringCertifier, error) {
 	trust := lite.NewCacheProvider(
 		lite.NewMemStoreProvider(),
 		files.NewProvider(rootDir),
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func GetCertifier(chainID, rootDir, nodeAddr string) (*lite.Inquiring, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	cert, err := lite.NewInquiring(chainID, fc, trust, source)
+	cert, err := lite.NewInquiringCertifier(chainID, fc, trust, source)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/lite/proxy/proxy.go b/lite/proxy/proxy.go
index 21db13ed4..34aa99fa0 100644
--- a/lite/proxy/proxy.go
+++ b/lite/proxy/proxy.go
@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@ const (
 // set up the rpc routes to proxy via the given client,
 // and start up an http/rpc server on the location given by bind (eg. :1234)
 func StartProxy(c rpcclient.Client, listenAddr string, logger log.Logger) error {
-	c.Start()
+	err := c.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	r := RPCRoutes(c)
 
 	// build the handler...
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@ func StartProxy(c rpcclient.Client, listenAddr string, logger log.Logger) error
 	core.SetLogger(logger)
 	mux.HandleFunc(wsEndpoint, wm.WebsocketHandler)
 
-	_, err := rpc.StartHTTPServer(listenAddr, mux, logger)
+	_, err = rpc.StartHTTPServer(listenAddr, mux, logger)
 
 	return err
 }
diff --git a/lite/proxy/query.go b/lite/proxy/query.go
index 0a9d86a0e..72c3ed297 100644
--- a/lite/proxy/query.go
+++ b/lite/proxy/query.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func GetWithProofOptions(path string, key []byte, opts rpcclient.ABCIQueryOption
 
 	// make sure the proof is the proper height
 	if resp.IsErr() {
-		err = errors.Errorf("Query error %d: %d", resp.Code)
+		err = errors.Errorf("Query error for key %d: %d", key, resp.Code)
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	if len(resp.Key) == 0 || len(resp.Proof) == 0 {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func GetWithProofOptions(path string, key []byte, opts rpcclient.ABCIQueryOption
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Couldn't verify proof")
 		}
-		return &ctypes.ResultABCIQuery{resp}, eproof, nil
+		return &ctypes.ResultABCIQuery{Response: resp}, eproof, nil
 	}
 
 	// The key wasn't found, construct a proof of non-existence.
@@ -93,13 +93,12 @@ func GetWithProofOptions(path string, key []byte, opts rpcclient.ABCIQueryOption
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Couldn't verify proof")
 	}
-	return &ctypes.ResultABCIQuery{resp}, aproof, ErrNoData()
+	return &ctypes.ResultABCIQuery{Response: resp}, aproof, ErrNoData()
 }
 
 // GetCertifiedCommit gets the signed header for a given height
 // and certifies it.  Returns error if unable to get a proven header.
-func GetCertifiedCommit(h int64, node rpcclient.Client,
-	cert lite.Certifier) (empty lite.Commit, err error) {
+func GetCertifiedCommit(h int64, node rpcclient.Client, cert lite.Certifier) (lite.Commit, error) {
 
 	// FIXME: cannot use cert.GetByHeight for now, as it also requires
 	// Validators and will fail on querying tendermint for non-current height.
@@ -107,14 +106,18 @@ func GetCertifiedCommit(h int64, node rpcclient.Client,
 	rpcclient.WaitForHeight(node, h, nil)
 	cresp, err := node.Commit(&h)
 	if err != nil {
-		return
+		return lite.Commit{}, err
 	}
-	commit := client.CommitFromResult(cresp)
 
+	commit := client.CommitFromResult(cresp)
 	// validate downloaded checkpoint with our request and trust store.
 	if commit.Height() != h {
-		return empty, certerr.ErrHeightMismatch(h, commit.Height())
+		return lite.Commit{}, certerr.ErrHeightMismatch(h, commit.Height())
 	}
-	err = cert.Certify(commit)
+
+	if err = cert.Certify(commit); err != nil {
+		return lite.Commit{}, err
+	}
+
 	return commit, nil
 }
diff --git a/lite/proxy/query_test.go b/lite/proxy/query_test.go
index 234f65e55..6fc4b9730 100644
--- a/lite/proxy/query_test.go
+++ b/lite/proxy/query_test.go
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func _TestAppProofs(t *testing.T) {
 	source := certclient.NewProvider(cl)
 	seed, err := source.GetByHeight(brh - 2)
 	require.NoError(err, "%+v", err)
-	cert := lite.NewStatic("my-chain", seed.Validators)
+	cert := lite.NewStaticCertifier("my-chain", seed.Validators)
 
 	client.WaitForHeight(cl, 3, nil)
 	latest, err := source.LatestCommit()
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ func _TestTxProofs(t *testing.T) {
 	source := certclient.NewProvider(cl)
 	seed, err := source.GetByHeight(brh - 2)
 	require.NoError(err, "%+v", err)
-	cert := lite.NewStatic("my-chain", seed.Validators)
+	cert := lite.NewStaticCertifier("my-chain", seed.Validators)
 
 	// First let's make sure a bogus transaction hash returns a valid non-existence proof.
 	key := types.Tx([]byte("bogus")).Hash()
@@ -136,5 +136,4 @@ func _TestTxProofs(t *testing.T) {
 	commit, err := GetCertifiedCommit(br.Height, cl, cert)
 	require.Nil(err, "%+v", err)
 	require.Equal(res.Proof.RootHash, commit.Header.DataHash)
-
 }
diff --git a/lite/proxy/wrapper.go b/lite/proxy/wrapper.go
index a76c29426..7d504217d 100644
--- a/lite/proxy/wrapper.go
+++ b/lite/proxy/wrapper.go
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ var _ rpcclient.Client = Wrapper{}
 // provable before passing it along. Allows you to make any rpcclient fully secure.
 type Wrapper struct {
 	rpcclient.Client
-	cert *lite.Inquiring
+	cert *lite.InquiringCertifier
 }
 
 // SecureClient uses a given certifier to wrap an connection to an untrusted
 // host and return a cryptographically secure rpc client.
 //
 // If it is wrapping an HTTP rpcclient, it will also wrap the websocket interface
-func SecureClient(c rpcclient.Client, cert *lite.Inquiring) Wrapper {
+func SecureClient(c rpcclient.Client, cert *lite.InquiringCertifier) Wrapper {
 	wrap := Wrapper{c, cert}
 	// TODO: no longer possible as no more such interface exposed....
 	// if we wrap http client, then we can swap out the event switch to filter
@@ -34,7 +34,9 @@ func SecureClient(c rpcclient.Client, cert *lite.Inquiring) Wrapper {
 }
 
 // ABCIQueryWithOptions exposes all options for the ABCI query and verifies the returned proof
-func (w Wrapper) ABCIQueryWithOptions(path string, data data.Bytes, opts rpcclient.ABCIQueryOptions) (*ctypes.ResultABCIQuery, error) {
+func (w Wrapper) ABCIQueryWithOptions(path string, data data.Bytes,
+	opts rpcclient.ABCIQueryOptions) (*ctypes.ResultABCIQuery, error) {
+
 	res, _, err := GetWithProofOptions(path, data, opts, w.Client, w.cert)
 	return res, err
 }
diff --git a/lite/static.go b/lite/static_certifier.go
similarity index 54%
rename from lite/static.go
rename to lite/static_certifier.go
index abbef5785..1ec3b809a 100644
--- a/lite/static.go
+++ b/lite/static_certifier.go
@@ -10,62 +10,64 @@ import (
 	liteErr "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/lite/errors"
 )
 
-var _ Certifier = &Static{}
+var _ Certifier = (*StaticCertifier)(nil)
 
-// Static assumes a static set of validators, set on
+// StaticCertifier assumes a static set of validators, set on
 // initilization and checks against them.
 // The signatures on every header is checked for > 2/3 votes
 // against the known validator set upon Certify
 //
 // Good for testing or really simple chains.  Building block
 // to support real-world functionality.
-type Static struct {
+type StaticCertifier struct {
 	chainID string
 	vSet    *types.ValidatorSet
 	vhash   []byte
 }
 
-// NewStatic returns a new certifier with a static validator set.
-func NewStatic(chainID string, vals *types.ValidatorSet) *Static {
-	return &Static{
+// NewStaticCertifier returns a new certifier with a static validator set.
+func NewStaticCertifier(chainID string, vals *types.ValidatorSet) *StaticCertifier {
+	return &StaticCertifier{
 		chainID: chainID,
 		vSet:    vals,
 	}
 }
 
 // ChainID returns the chain id.
-func (c *Static) ChainID() string {
-	return c.chainID
+// Implements Certifier.
+func (sc *StaticCertifier) ChainID() string {
+	return sc.chainID
 }
 
 // Validators returns the validator set.
-func (c *Static) Validators() *types.ValidatorSet {
-	return c.vSet
+func (sc *StaticCertifier) Validators() *types.ValidatorSet {
+	return sc.vSet
 }
 
 // Hash returns the hash of the validator set.
-func (c *Static) Hash() []byte {
-	if len(c.vhash) == 0 {
-		c.vhash = c.vSet.Hash()
+func (sc *StaticCertifier) Hash() []byte {
+	if len(sc.vhash) == 0 {
+		sc.vhash = sc.vSet.Hash()
 	}
-	return c.vhash
+	return sc.vhash
 }
 
 // Certify makes sure that the commit is valid.
-func (c *Static) Certify(commit Commit) error {
+// Implements Certifier.
+func (sc *StaticCertifier) Certify(commit Commit) error {
 	// do basic sanity checks
-	err := commit.ValidateBasic(c.chainID)
+	err := commit.ValidateBasic(sc.chainID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	// make sure it has the same validator set we have (static means static)
-	if !bytes.Equal(c.Hash(), commit.Header.ValidatorsHash) {
+	if !bytes.Equal(sc.Hash(), commit.Header.ValidatorsHash) {
 		return liteErr.ErrValidatorsChanged()
 	}
 
 	// then make sure we have the proper signatures for this
-	err = c.vSet.VerifyCommit(c.chainID, commit.Commit.BlockID,
+	err = sc.vSet.VerifyCommit(sc.chainID, commit.Commit.BlockID,
 		commit.Header.Height, commit.Commit)
 	return errors.WithStack(err)
 }
diff --git a/lite/static_test.go b/lite/static_certifier_test.go
similarity index 97%
rename from lite/static_test.go
rename to lite/static_certifier_test.go
index 3e4d59271..03567daa6 100644
--- a/lite/static_test.go
+++ b/lite/static_certifier_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func TestStaticCert(t *testing.T) {
 	vals := keys.ToValidators(20, 10)
 	// and a certifier based on our known set
 	chainID := "test-static"
-	cert := lite.NewStatic(chainID, vals)
+	cert := lite.NewStaticCertifier(chainID, vals)
 
 	cases := []struct {
 		keys        lite.ValKeys
diff --git a/rpc/client/interface.go b/rpc/client/interface.go
index 70cb4d951..6e798c379 100644
--- a/rpc/client/interface.go
+++ b/rpc/client/interface.go
@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ type ABCIClient interface {
 	// reading from abci app
 	ABCIInfo() (*ctypes.ResultABCIInfo, error)
 	ABCIQuery(path string, data data.Bytes) (*ctypes.ResultABCIQuery, error)
-	ABCIQueryWithOptions(path string, data data.Bytes, opts ABCIQueryOptions) (*ctypes.ResultABCIQuery, error)
+	ABCIQueryWithOptions(path string, data data.Bytes,
+		opts ABCIQueryOptions) (*ctypes.ResultABCIQuery, error)
 
 	// writing to abci app
 	BroadcastTxCommit(tx types.Tx) (*ctypes.ResultBroadcastTxCommit, error)
diff --git a/types/priv_validator.go b/types/priv_validator.go
index 3577049e7..628f58cfc 100644
--- a/types/priv_validator.go
+++ b/types/priv_validator.go
@@ -369,8 +369,6 @@ func (pvs PrivValidatorsByAddress) Swap(i, j int) {
 
 //-------------------------------------
 
-type checkOnlyDifferByTimestamp func([]byte, []byte) bool
-
 // returns the timestamp from the lastSignBytes.
 // returns true if the only difference in the votes is their timestamp.
 func checkVotesOnlyDifferByTimestamp(lastSignBytes, newSignBytes []byte) (time.Time, bool) {