tendermint/internal/p2p/switch.go

package p2p

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math"
	mrand "math/rand"
	"net"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/config"
	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/crypto"
	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/internal/p2p/conn"
	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/cmap"
	tmrand "github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/rand"
	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/libs/service"
	"github.com/tendermint/tendermint/types"
)

const (
	// wait a random amount of time from this interval
	// before dialing peers or reconnecting to help prevent DoS
	dialRandomizerIntervalMilliseconds = 3000

	// repeatedly try to reconnect for a few minutes
	// ie. 5 * 20 = 100s
	reconnectAttempts = 20
	reconnectInterval = 5 * time.Second

	// then move into exponential backoff mode for ~1day
	// ie. 3**10 = 16hrs
	reconnectBackOffAttempts    = 10
	reconnectBackOffBaseSeconds = 3

	defaultFilterTimeout = 5 * time.Second
)

// MConnConfig returns an MConnConfig with fields updated
// from the P2PConfig.
func MConnConfig(cfg *config.P2PConfig) conn.MConnConfig {
	mConfig := conn.DefaultMConnConfig()
	mConfig.FlushThrottle = cfg.FlushThrottleTimeout
	mConfig.SendRate = cfg.SendRate
	mConfig.RecvRate = cfg.RecvRate
	mConfig.MaxPacketMsgPayloadSize = cfg.MaxPacketMsgPayloadSize
	return mConfig
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// An AddrBook represents an address book from the pex package, which is used
// to store peer addresses.
type AddrBook interface {
	AddAddress(addr *NetAddress, src *NetAddress) error
	AddPrivateIDs([]string)
	AddOurAddress(*NetAddress)
	OurAddress(*NetAddress) bool
	MarkGood(types.NodeID)
	RemoveAddress(*NetAddress)
	HasAddress(*NetAddress) bool
	Save()
}

// ConnFilterFunc is a callback for connection filtering. If it returns an
// error, the connection is rejected. The set of existing connections is passed
// along with the new connection and all resolved IPs.
type ConnFilterFunc func(ConnSet, net.Conn, []net.IP) error

// PeerFilterFunc to be implemented by filter hooks after a new Peer has been
// fully setup.
type PeerFilterFunc func(IPeerSet, Peer) error

// ConnDuplicateIPFilter resolves and keeps all ips for an incoming connection
// and refuses new ones if they come from a known ip.
var ConnDuplicateIPFilter ConnFilterFunc = func(cs ConnSet, c net.Conn, ips []net.IP) error {
	for _, ip := range ips {
		if cs.HasIP(ip) {
			return ErrRejected{
				conn:        c,
				err:         fmt.Errorf("ip<%v> already connected", ip),
				isDuplicate: true,
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Switch handles peer connections and exposes an API to receive incoming messages
// on `Reactors`.  Each `Reactor` is responsible for handling incoming messages of one
// or more `Channels`.  So while sending outgoing messages is typically performed on the peer,
// incoming messages are received on the reactor.
type Switch struct {
	service.BaseService

	config       *config.P2PConfig
	reactors     map[string]Reactor
	chDescs      []*conn.ChannelDescriptor
	reactorsByCh map[byte]Reactor
	peers        *PeerSet
	dialing      *cmap.CMap
	reconnecting *cmap.CMap
	nodeInfo     types.NodeInfo // our node info
	nodeKey      NodeKey        // our node privkey
	addrBook     AddrBook
	// peers addresses with whom we'll maintain constant connection
	persistentPeersAddrs []*NetAddress
	unconditionalPeerIDs map[types.NodeID]struct{}

	transport Transport

	filterTimeout time.Duration
	peerFilters   []PeerFilterFunc
	connFilters   []ConnFilterFunc
	conns         ConnSet

	metrics *Metrics
}

// NetAddress returns the first address the switch is listening on,
// or nil if no addresses are found.
func (sw *Switch) NetAddress() *NetAddress {
	endpoints := sw.transport.Endpoints()
	if len(endpoints) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	return &NetAddress{
		ID:   sw.nodeInfo.NodeID,
		IP:   endpoints[0].IP,
		Port: endpoints[0].Port,
	}
}

// SwitchOption sets an optional parameter on the Switch.
type SwitchOption func(*Switch)

// NewSwitch creates a new Switch with the given config.
func NewSwitch(
	cfg *config.P2PConfig,
	transport Transport,
	options ...SwitchOption,
) *Switch {
	sw := &Switch{
		config:               cfg,
		reactors:             make(map[string]Reactor),
		chDescs:              make([]*conn.ChannelDescriptor, 0),
		reactorsByCh:         make(map[byte]Reactor),
		peers:                NewPeerSet(),
		dialing:              cmap.NewCMap(),
		reconnecting:         cmap.NewCMap(),
		metrics:              NopMetrics(),
		transport:            transport,
		persistentPeersAddrs: make([]*NetAddress, 0),
		unconditionalPeerIDs: make(map[types.NodeID]struct{}),
		filterTimeout:        defaultFilterTimeout,
		conns:                NewConnSet(),
	}

	// Ensure PRNG is reseeded.
	tmrand.Reseed()

	sw.BaseService = *service.NewBaseService(nil, "P2P Switch", sw)

	for _, option := range options {
		option(sw)
	}

	return sw
}

// SwitchFilterTimeout sets the timeout used for peer filters.
func SwitchFilterTimeout(timeout time.Duration) SwitchOption {
	return func(sw *Switch) { sw.filterTimeout = timeout }
}

// SwitchPeerFilters sets the filters for rejection of new peers.
func SwitchPeerFilters(filters ...PeerFilterFunc) SwitchOption {
	return func(sw *Switch) { sw.peerFilters = filters }
}

// SwitchConnFilters sets the filters for rejection of connections.
func SwitchConnFilters(filters ...ConnFilterFunc) SwitchOption {
	return func(sw *Switch) { sw.connFilters = filters }
}

// WithMetrics sets the metrics.
func WithMetrics(metrics *Metrics) SwitchOption {
	return func(sw *Switch) { sw.metrics = metrics }
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Switch setup

// AddReactor adds the given reactor to the switch.
// NOTE: Not goroutine safe.
func (sw *Switch) AddReactor(name string, reactor Reactor) Reactor {
	for _, chDesc := range reactor.GetChannels() {
		chID := chDesc.ID
		// No two reactors can share the same channel.
		if sw.reactorsByCh[chID] != nil {
			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Channel %X has multiple reactors %v & %v", chID, sw.reactorsByCh[chID], reactor))
		}
		sw.chDescs = append(sw.chDescs, chDesc)
		sw.reactorsByCh[chID] = reactor
	}
	sw.reactors[name] = reactor
	reactor.SetSwitch(sw)
	return reactor
}

// RemoveReactor removes the given Reactor from the Switch.
// NOTE: Not goroutine safe.
func (sw *Switch) RemoveReactor(name string, reactor Reactor) {
	for _, chDesc := range reactor.GetChannels() {
		// remove channel description
		for i := 0; i < len(sw.chDescs); i++ {
			if chDesc.ID == sw.chDescs[i].ID {
				sw.chDescs = append(sw.chDescs[:i], sw.chDescs[i+1:]...)
				break
			}
		}
		delete(sw.reactorsByCh, chDesc.ID)
	}
	delete(sw.reactors, name)
	reactor.SetSwitch(nil)
}

// Reactors returns a map of reactors registered on the switch.
// NOTE: Not goroutine safe.
func (sw *Switch) Reactors() map[string]Reactor {
	return sw.reactors
}

// Reactor returns the reactor with the given name.
// NOTE: Not goroutine safe.
func (sw *Switch) Reactor(name string) Reactor {
	return sw.reactors[name]
}

// SetNodeInfo sets the switch's NodeInfo for checking compatibility and handshaking with other nodes.
// NOTE: Not goroutine safe.
func (sw *Switch) SetNodeInfo(nodeInfo types.NodeInfo) {
	sw.nodeInfo = nodeInfo
}

// NodeInfo returns the switch's NodeInfo.
// NOTE: Not goroutine safe.
func (sw *Switch) NodeInfo() types.NodeInfo {
	return sw.nodeInfo
}

// SetNodeKey sets the switch's private key for authenticated encryption.
// NOTE: Not goroutine safe.
func (sw *Switch) SetNodeKey(nodeKey NodeKey) {
	sw.nodeKey = nodeKey
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Service start/stop

// OnStart implements BaseService. It starts all the reactors and peers.
func (sw *Switch) OnStart() error {

	// FIXME: Temporary hack to pass channel descriptors to MConn transport,
	// since they are not available when it is constructed. This will be
	// fixed when we implement the new router abstraction.
	if t, ok := sw.transport.(*MConnTransport); ok {
		t.channelDescs = sw.chDescs
	}

	// Start reactors
	for _, reactor := range sw.reactors {
		err := reactor.Start()
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to start %v: %w", reactor, err)
		}
	}

	// Start accepting Peers.
	go sw.acceptRoutine()

	return nil
}

// OnStop implements BaseService. It stops all peers and reactors.
func (sw *Switch) OnStop() {
	// Stop peers
	for _, p := range sw.peers.List() {
		sw.stopAndRemovePeer(p, nil)
	}

	// Stop reactors
	sw.Logger.Debug("Switch: Stopping reactors")
	for _, reactor := range sw.reactors {
		if err := reactor.Stop(); err != nil {
			sw.Logger.Error("error while stopping reactor", "reactor", reactor, "error", err)
		}
	}
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Peers

// Broadcast runs a go routine for each attempted send, which will block trying
// to send for defaultSendTimeoutSeconds. Returns a channel which receives
// success values for each attempted send (false if times out). Channel will be
// closed once msg bytes are sent to all peers (or time out).
//
// NOTE: Broadcast uses goroutines, so order of broadcast may not be preserved.
func (sw *Switch) Broadcast(chID byte, msgBytes []byte) chan bool {
	sw.Logger.Debug("Broadcast", "channel", chID, "msgBytes", msgBytes)

	peers := sw.peers.List()
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	wg.Add(len(peers))
	successChan := make(chan bool, len(peers))

	for _, peer := range peers {
		go func(p Peer) {
			defer wg.Done()
			success := p.Send(chID, msgBytes)
			successChan <- success
		}(peer)
	}

	go func() {
		wg.Wait()
		close(successChan)
	}()

	return successChan
}

// NumPeers returns the count of outbound/inbound and outbound-dialing peers.
// unconditional peers are not counted here.
func (sw *Switch) NumPeers() (outbound, inbound, dialing int) {
	peers := sw.peers.List()
	for _, peer := range peers {
		if peer.IsOutbound() {
			if !sw.IsPeerUnconditional(peer.ID()) {
				outbound++
			}
		} else {
			if !sw.IsPeerUnconditional(peer.ID()) {
				inbound++
			}
		}
	}
	dialing = sw.dialing.Size()
	return
}

func (sw *Switch) IsPeerUnconditional(id types.NodeID) bool {
	_, ok := sw.unconditionalPeerIDs[id]
	return ok
}

// MaxNumOutboundPeers returns a maximum number of outbound peers.
func (sw *Switch) MaxNumOutboundPeers() int {
	return sw.config.MaxNumOutboundPeers
}

// Peers returns the set of peers that are connected to the switch.
func (sw *Switch) Peers() IPeerSet {
	return sw.peers
}

// StopPeerForError disconnects from a peer due to external error.
// If the peer is persistent, it will attempt to reconnect.
// TODO: make record depending on reason.
func (sw *Switch) StopPeerForError(peer Peer, reason interface{}) {
	if !peer.IsRunning() {
		return
	}

	sw.Logger.Error("Stopping peer for error", "peer", peer, "err", reason)
	sw.stopAndRemovePeer(peer, reason)

	if peer.IsPersistent() {
		var addr *NetAddress
		if peer.IsOutbound() { // socket address for outbound peers
			addr = peer.SocketAddr()
		} else { // self-reported address for inbound peers
			var err error
			addr, err = peer.NodeInfo().NetAddress()
			if err != nil {
				sw.Logger.Error("Wanted to reconnect to inbound peer, but self-reported address is wrong",
					"peer", peer, "err", err)
				return
			}
		}
		go sw.reconnectToPeer(addr)
	}
}

// StopPeerGracefully disconnects from a peer gracefully.
// TODO: handle graceful disconnects.
func (sw *Switch) StopPeerGracefully(peer Peer) {
	sw.Logger.Info("Stopping peer gracefully")
	sw.stopAndRemovePeer(peer, nil)
}

func (sw *Switch) stopAndRemovePeer(peer Peer, reason interface{}) {
	if err := peer.Stop(); err != nil {
		sw.Logger.Error("error while stopping peer", "error", err) // TODO: should return error to be handled accordingly
	}

	for _, reactor := range sw.reactors {
		reactor.RemovePeer(peer, reason)
	}

	// Removing a peer should go last to avoid a situation where a peer
	// reconnect to our node and the switch calls InitPeer before
	// RemovePeer is finished.
	// https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/issues/3338
	if sw.peers.Remove(peer) {
		sw.metrics.Peers.Add(float64(-1))
	}

	sw.conns.RemoveAddr(peer.RemoteAddr())
}

// reconnectToPeer tries to reconnect to the addr, first repeatedly
// with a fixed interval, then with exponential backoff.
// If no success after all that, it stops trying, and leaves it
// to the PEX/Addrbook to find the peer with the addr again
// NOTE: this will keep trying even if the handshake or auth fails.
// TODO: be more explicit with error types so we only retry on certain failures
//  - ie. if we're getting ErrDuplicatePeer we can stop
//  	because the addrbook got us the peer back already
func (sw *Switch) reconnectToPeer(addr *NetAddress) {
	if sw.reconnecting.Has(string(addr.ID)) {
		return
	}
	sw.reconnecting.Set(string(addr.ID), addr)
	defer sw.reconnecting.Delete(string(addr.ID))

	start := time.Now()
	sw.Logger.Info("Reconnecting to peer", "addr", addr)
	for i := 0; i < reconnectAttempts; i++ {
		if !sw.IsRunning() {
			return
		}

		err := sw.DialPeerWithAddress(addr)
		if err == nil {
			return // success
		} else if _, ok := err.(ErrCurrentlyDialingOrExistingAddress); ok {
			return
		}

		sw.Logger.Info("Error reconnecting to peer. Trying again", "tries", i, "err", err, "addr", addr)
		// sleep a set amount
		sw.randomSleep(reconnectInterval)
		continue
	}

	sw.Logger.Error("Failed to reconnect to peer. Beginning exponential backoff",
		"addr", addr, "elapsed", time.Since(start))
	for i := 0; i < reconnectBackOffAttempts; i++ {
		if !sw.IsRunning() {
			return
		}

		// sleep an exponentially increasing amount
		sleepIntervalSeconds := math.Pow(reconnectBackOffBaseSeconds, float64(i))
		sw.randomSleep(time.Duration(sleepIntervalSeconds) * time.Second)

		err := sw.DialPeerWithAddress(addr)
		if err == nil {
			return // success
		} else if _, ok := err.(ErrCurrentlyDialingOrExistingAddress); ok {
			return
		}
		sw.Logger.Info("Error reconnecting to peer. Trying again", "tries", i, "err", err, "addr", addr)
	}
	sw.Logger.Error("Failed to reconnect to peer. Giving up", "addr", addr, "elapsed", time.Since(start))
}

// SetAddrBook allows to set address book on Switch.
func (sw *Switch) SetAddrBook(addrBook AddrBook) {
	sw.addrBook = addrBook
}

// MarkPeerAsGood marks the given peer as good when it did something useful
// like contributed to consensus.
func (sw *Switch) MarkPeerAsGood(peer Peer) {
	if sw.addrBook != nil {
		sw.addrBook.MarkGood(peer.ID())
	}
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Dialing

type privateAddr interface {
	PrivateAddr() bool
}

func isPrivateAddr(err error) bool {
	te, ok := err.(privateAddr)
	return ok && te.PrivateAddr()
}

// DialPeersAsync dials a list of peers asynchronously in random order.
// Used to dial peers from config on startup or from unsafe-RPC (trusted sources).
// It ignores ErrNetAddressLookup. However, if there are other errors, first
// encounter is returned.
// Nop if there are no peers.
func (sw *Switch) DialPeersAsync(peers []string) error {
	netAddrs, errs := NewNetAddressStrings(peers)
	// report all the errors
	for _, err := range errs {
		sw.Logger.Error("Error in peer's address", "err", err)
	}
	// return first non-ErrNetAddressLookup error
	for _, err := range errs {
		if _, ok := err.(types.ErrNetAddressLookup); ok {
			continue
		}
		return err
	}
	sw.dialPeersAsync(netAddrs)
	return nil
}

func (sw *Switch) dialPeersAsync(netAddrs []*NetAddress) {
	ourAddr := sw.NetAddress()

	// TODO: this code feels like it's in the wrong place.
	// The integration tests depend on the addrBook being saved
	// right away but maybe we can change that. Recall that
	// the addrBook is only written to disk every 2min
	if sw.addrBook != nil {
		// add peers to `addrBook`
		for _, netAddr := range netAddrs {
			// do not add our address or ID
			if !netAddr.Same(ourAddr) {
				if err := sw.addrBook.AddAddress(netAddr, ourAddr); err != nil {
					if isPrivateAddr(err) {
						sw.Logger.Debug("Won't add peer's address to addrbook", "err", err)
					} else {
						sw.Logger.Error("Can't add peer's address to addrbook", "err", err)
					}
				}
			}
		}
		// Persist some peers to disk right away.
		// NOTE: integration tests depend on this
		sw.addrBook.Save()
	}

	// permute the list, dial them in random order.
	perm := mrand.Perm(len(netAddrs))
	for i := 0; i < len(perm); i++ {
		go func(i int) {
			j := perm[i]
			addr := netAddrs[j]

			if addr.Same(ourAddr) {
				sw.Logger.Debug("Ignore attempt to connect to ourselves", "addr", addr, "ourAddr", ourAddr)
				return
			}

			sw.randomSleep(0)

			err := sw.DialPeerWithAddress(addr)
			if err != nil {
				switch err.(type) {
				case ErrSwitchConnectToSelf, ErrSwitchDuplicatePeerID, ErrCurrentlyDialingOrExistingAddress:
					sw.Logger.Debug("Error dialing peer", "err", err)
				default:
					sw.Logger.Error("Error dialing peer", "err", err)
				}
			}
		}(i)
	}
}

// DialPeerWithAddress dials the given peer and runs sw.addPeer if it connects
// and authenticates successfully.
// If we're currently dialing this address or it belongs to an existing peer,
// ErrCurrentlyDialingOrExistingAddress is returned.
func (sw *Switch) DialPeerWithAddress(addr *NetAddress) error {
	if sw.IsDialingOrExistingAddress(addr) {
		return ErrCurrentlyDialingOrExistingAddress{addr.String()}
	}

	sw.dialing.Set(string(addr.ID), addr)
	defer sw.dialing.Delete(string(addr.ID))

	return sw.addOutboundPeerWithConfig(addr, sw.config)
}

// sleep for interval plus some random amount of ms on [0, dialRandomizerIntervalMilliseconds]
func (sw *Switch) randomSleep(interval time.Duration) {
	// nolint:gosec // G404: Use of weak random number generator
	r := time.Duration(mrand.Int63n(dialRandomizerIntervalMilliseconds)) * time.Millisecond
	time.Sleep(r + interval)
}

// IsDialingOrExistingAddress returns true if switch has a peer with the given
// address or dialing it at the moment.
func (sw *Switch) IsDialingOrExistingAddress(addr *NetAddress) bool {
	return sw.dialing.Has(string(addr.ID)) ||
		sw.peers.Has(addr.ID) ||
		(!sw.config.AllowDuplicateIP && sw.peers.HasIP(addr.IP))
}

// AddPersistentPeers allows you to set persistent peers. It ignores
// ErrNetAddressLookup. However, if there are other errors, first encounter is
// returned.
func (sw *Switch) AddPersistentPeers(addrs []string) error {
	sw.Logger.Info("Adding persistent peers", "addrs", addrs)
	netAddrs, errs := NewNetAddressStrings(addrs)
	// report all the errors
	for _, err := range errs {
		sw.Logger.Error("Error in peer's address", "err", err)
	}
	// return first non-ErrNetAddressLookup error
	for _, err := range errs {
		if _, ok := err.(types.ErrNetAddressLookup); ok {
			continue
		}
		return err
	}
	sw.persistentPeersAddrs = netAddrs
	return nil
}

func (sw *Switch) AddUnconditionalPeerIDs(ids []string) error {
	sw.Logger.Info("Adding unconditional peer ids", "ids", ids)
	for i, id := range ids {
		err := types.NodeID(id).Validate()
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("wrong ID #%d: %w", i, err)
		}
		sw.unconditionalPeerIDs[types.NodeID(id)] = struct{}{}
	}
	return nil
}

func (sw *Switch) AddPrivatePeerIDs(ids []string) error {
	validIDs := make([]string, 0, len(ids))
	for i, id := range ids {
		err := types.NodeID(id).Validate()
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("wrong ID #%d: %w", i, err)
		}
		validIDs = append(validIDs, id)
	}

	sw.addrBook.AddPrivateIDs(validIDs)

	return nil
}

func (sw *Switch) IsPeerPersistent(na *NetAddress) bool {
	for _, pa := range sw.persistentPeersAddrs {
		if pa.Equals(na) {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func (sw *Switch) acceptRoutine() {
	for {
		var peerNodeInfo types.NodeInfo
		c, err := sw.transport.Accept()
		if err == nil {
			// NOTE: The legacy MConn transport did handshaking in Accept(),
			// which was asynchronous and avoided head-of-line-blocking.
			// However, as handshakes are being migrated out from the transport,
			// we just do it synchronously here for now.
			peerNodeInfo, _, err = sw.handshakePeer(c, "")
		}
		if err == nil {
			err = sw.filterConn(c.(*mConnConnection).conn)
		}
		if err != nil {
			if c != nil {
				_ = c.Close()
			}
			if err == io.EOF {
				err = ErrTransportClosed{}
			}
			switch err := err.(type) {
			case ErrRejected:
				if err.IsSelf() {
					// Remove the given address from the address book and add to our addresses
					// to avoid dialing in the future.
					addr := err.Addr()
					sw.addrBook.RemoveAddress(&addr)
					sw.addrBook.AddOurAddress(&addr)
				}

				sw.Logger.Info(
					"Inbound Peer rejected",
					"err", err,
					"numPeers", sw.peers.Size(),
				)

				continue
			case ErrFilterTimeout:
				sw.Logger.Error(
					"Peer filter timed out",
					"err", err,
				)

				continue
			case ErrTransportClosed:
				sw.Logger.Error(
					"Stopped accept routine, as transport is closed",
					"numPeers", sw.peers.Size(),
				)
			default:
				sw.Logger.Error(
					"Accept on transport errored",
					"err", err,
					"numPeers", sw.peers.Size(),
				)
				// We could instead have a retry loop around the acceptRoutine,
				// but that would need to stop and let the node shutdown eventually.
				// So might as well panic and let process managers restart the node.
				// There's no point in letting the node run without the acceptRoutine,
				// since it won't be able to accept new connections.
				panic(fmt.Errorf("accept routine exited: %v", err))
			}

			break
		}

		isPersistent := false
		addr, err := peerNodeInfo.NetAddress()
		if err == nil {
			isPersistent = sw.IsPeerPersistent(addr)
		}

		p := newPeer(
			peerNodeInfo,
			newPeerConn(false, isPersistent, c),
			sw.reactorsByCh,
			sw.StopPeerForError,
			PeerMetrics(sw.metrics),
		)

		if !sw.IsPeerUnconditional(p.NodeInfo().ID()) {
			// Ignore connection if we already have enough peers.
			_, in, _ := sw.NumPeers()
			if in >= sw.config.MaxNumInboundPeers {
				sw.Logger.Info(
					"Ignoring inbound connection: already have enough inbound peers",
					"address", p.SocketAddr(),
					"have", in,
					"max", sw.config.MaxNumInboundPeers,
				)
				_ = p.CloseConn()
				continue
			}

		}

		if err := sw.addPeer(p); err != nil {
			_ = p.CloseConn()
			if p.IsRunning() {
				_ = p.Stop()
			}
			sw.conns.RemoveAddr(p.RemoteAddr())
			sw.Logger.Info(
				"Ignoring inbound connection: error while adding peer",
				"err", err,
				"id", p.ID(),
			)
		}
	}
}

// dial the peer; make secret connection; authenticate against the dialed ID;
// add the peer.
// if dialing fails, start the reconnect loop. If handshake fails, it's over.
// If peer is started successfully, reconnectLoop will start when
// StopPeerForError is called.
func (sw *Switch) addOutboundPeerWithConfig(
	addr *NetAddress,
	cfg *config.P2PConfig,
) error {
	sw.Logger.Info("Dialing peer", "address", addr)

	// XXX(xla): Remove the leakage of test concerns in implementation.
	if cfg.TestDialFail {
		go sw.reconnectToPeer(addr)
		return fmt.Errorf("dial err (peerConfig.DialFail == true)")
	}

	// Hardcoded timeout moved from MConn transport during refactoring.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	var peerNodeInfo types.NodeInfo
	c, err := sw.transport.Dial(ctx, Endpoint{
		Protocol: MConnProtocol,
		IP:       addr.IP,
		Port:     addr.Port,
	})
	if err == nil {
		peerNodeInfo, _, err = sw.handshakePeer(c, addr.ID)
	}
	if err == nil {
		err = sw.filterConn(c.(*mConnConnection).conn)
	}
	if err != nil {
		if c != nil {
			_ = c.Close()
		}
		if e, ok := err.(ErrRejected); ok {
			if e.IsSelf() {
				// Remove the given address from the address book and add to our addresses
				// to avoid dialing in the future.
				sw.addrBook.RemoveAddress(addr)
				sw.addrBook.AddOurAddress(addr)

				return err
			}
		}

		// retry persistent peers after
		// any dial error besides IsSelf()
		if sw.IsPeerPersistent(addr) {
			go sw.reconnectToPeer(addr)
		}

		return err
	}

	p := newPeer(
		peerNodeInfo,
		newPeerConn(true, sw.IsPeerPersistent(addr), c),
		sw.reactorsByCh,
		sw.StopPeerForError,
		PeerMetrics(sw.metrics),
	)

	if err := sw.addPeer(p); err != nil {
		_ = p.CloseConn()
		if p.IsRunning() {
			_ = p.Stop()
		}
		sw.conns.RemoveAddr(p.RemoteAddr())
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (sw *Switch) handshakePeer(
	c Connection,
	expectPeerID types.NodeID,
) (types.NodeInfo, crypto.PubKey, error) {
	// Moved from transport and hardcoded until legacy P2P stack removal.
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	peerInfo, peerKey, err := c.Handshake(ctx, sw.nodeInfo, sw.nodeKey.PrivKey)
	if err != nil {
		return peerInfo, peerKey, ErrRejected{
			conn:          c.(*mConnConnection).conn,
			err:           fmt.Errorf("handshake failed: %v", err),
			isAuthFailure: true,
		}
	}

	if err = peerInfo.Validate(); err != nil {
		return peerInfo, peerKey, ErrRejected{
			conn:              c.(*mConnConnection).conn,
			err:               err,
			isNodeInfoInvalid: true,
		}
	}

	// For outgoing conns, ensure connection key matches dialed key.
	if expectPeerID != "" {
		peerID := types.NodeIDFromPubKey(peerKey)
		if expectPeerID != peerID {
			return peerInfo, peerKey, ErrRejected{
				conn: c.(*mConnConnection).conn,
				id:   peerID,
				err: fmt.Errorf(
					"conn.ID (%v) dialed ID (%v) mismatch",
					peerID,
					expectPeerID,
				),
				isAuthFailure: true,
			}
		}
	}

	if sw.nodeInfo.ID() == peerInfo.ID() {
		return peerInfo, peerKey, ErrRejected{
			addr:   *types.NewNetAddress(peerInfo.ID(), c.(*mConnConnection).conn.RemoteAddr()),
			conn:   c.(*mConnConnection).conn,
			id:     peerInfo.ID(),
			isSelf: true,
		}
	}

	if err = sw.nodeInfo.CompatibleWith(peerInfo); err != nil {
		return peerInfo, peerKey, ErrRejected{
			conn:           c.(*mConnConnection).conn,
			err:            err,
			id:             peerInfo.ID(),
			isIncompatible: true,
		}
	}

	return peerInfo, peerKey, nil
}

func (sw *Switch) filterPeer(p Peer) error {
	// Avoid duplicate
	if sw.peers.Has(p.ID()) {
		return ErrRejected{id: p.ID(), isDuplicate: true}
	}

	errc := make(chan error, len(sw.peerFilters))

	for _, f := range sw.peerFilters {
		go func(f PeerFilterFunc, p Peer, errc chan<- error) {
			errc <- f(sw.peers, p)
		}(f, p, errc)
	}

	for i := 0; i < cap(errc); i++ {
		select {
		case err := <-errc:
			if err != nil {
				return ErrRejected{id: p.ID(), err: err, isFiltered: true}
			}
		case <-time.After(sw.filterTimeout):
			return ErrFilterTimeout{}
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// filterConn filters a connection, rejecting it if this function errors.
//
// FIXME: This is only here for compatibility with the current Switch code. In
// the new P2P stack, peer/connection filtering should be moved into the Router
// or PeerManager and removed from here.
func (sw *Switch) filterConn(conn net.Conn) error {
	if sw.conns.Has(conn) {
		return ErrRejected{conn: conn, isDuplicate: true}
	}

	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(conn.RemoteAddr().String())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	ip := net.ParseIP(host)
	if ip == nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("connection address has invalid IP address %q", host)
	}

	// Apply filter callbacks.
	chErr := make(chan error, len(sw.connFilters))
	for _, connFilter := range sw.connFilters {
		go func(connFilter ConnFilterFunc) {
			chErr <- connFilter(sw.conns, conn, []net.IP{ip})
		}(connFilter)
	}

	for i := 0; i < cap(chErr); i++ {
		select {
		case err := <-chErr:
			if err != nil {
				return ErrRejected{conn: conn, err: err, isFiltered: true}
			}
		case <-time.After(sw.filterTimeout):
			return ErrFilterTimeout{}
		}

	}

	// FIXME: Doesn't really make sense to set this here, but we preserve the
	// behavior from the previous P2P transport implementation.
	sw.conns.Set(conn, []net.IP{ip})
	return nil
}

// addPeer starts up the Peer and adds it to the Switch. Error is returned if
// the peer is filtered out or failed to start or can't be added.
func (sw *Switch) addPeer(p Peer) error {
	if err := sw.filterPeer(p); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	p.SetLogger(sw.Logger.With("peer", p.SocketAddr()))

	// Handle the shut down case where the switch has stopped but we're
	// concurrently trying to add a peer.
	if !sw.IsRunning() {
		// XXX should this return an error or just log and terminate?
		sw.Logger.Error("Won't start a peer - switch is not running", "peer", p)
		return nil
	}

	// Add some data to the peer, which is required by reactors.
	for _, reactor := range sw.reactors {
		p = reactor.InitPeer(p)
	}

	// Start the peer's send/recv routines.
	// Must start it before adding it to the peer set
	// to prevent Start and Stop from being called concurrently.
	err := p.Start()
	if err != nil {
		// Should never happen
		sw.Logger.Error("Error starting peer", "err", err, "peer", p)
		return err
	}

	// Add the peer to PeerSet. Do this before starting the reactors
	// so that if Receive errors, we will find the peer and remove it.
	// Add should not err since we already checked peers.Has().
	if err := sw.peers.Add(p); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	sw.metrics.Peers.Add(float64(1))

	// Start all the reactor protocols on the peer.
	for _, reactor := range sw.reactors {
		reactor.AddPeer(p)
	}

	sw.Logger.Info("Added peer", "peer", p)

	return nil
}

// NewNetAddressStrings returns an array of NetAddress'es build using
// the provided strings.
func NewNetAddressStrings(addrs []string) ([]*NetAddress, []error) {
	netAddrs := make([]*NetAddress, 0)
	errs := make([]error, 0)
	for _, addr := range addrs {
		netAddr, err := types.NewNetAddressString(addr)
		if err != nil {
			errs = append(errs, err)
		} else {
			netAddrs = append(netAddrs, netAddr)
		}
	}
	return netAddrs, errs
}