Using ABCI-CLI
==============

To facilitate testing and debugging of ABCI servers and simple apps, we
built a CLI, the ``abci-cli``, for sending ABCI messages from the
command line.

Install
-------

Make sure you `have Go installed <https://golang.org/doc/install>`__.

Next, install the ``abci-cli`` tool and example applications:

::

    go get -u github.com/tendermint/abci/cmd/abci-cli

If this fails, you may need to use `dep <https://github.com/golang/dep>`__ to get vendored
dependencies:

::

    cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/tendermint/abci
    make get_tools
    make get_vendor_deps
    make install

Now run ``abci-cli`` to see the list of commands:

::

    Usage:
      abci-cli [command]

    Available Commands:
      batch       Run a batch of abci commands against an application
      check_tx    Validate a tx
      commit      Commit the application state and return the Merkle root hash
      console     Start an interactive abci console for multiple commands
      counter     ABCI demo example
      deliver_tx  Deliver a new tx to the application
      kvstore       ABCI demo example
      echo        Have the application echo a message
      help        Help about any command
      info        Get some info about the application
      query       Query the application state
      set_option  Set an options on the application

    Flags:
          --abci string      socket or grpc (default "socket")
          --address string   address of application socket (default "tcp://127.0.0.1:46658")
      -h, --help             help for abci-cli
      -v, --verbose          print the command and results as if it were a console session

    Use "abci-cli [command] --help" for more information about a command.


KVStore - First Example
-----------------------

The ``abci-cli`` tool lets us send ABCI messages to our application, to
help build and debug them.

The most important messages are ``deliver_tx``, ``check_tx``, and
``commit``, but there are others for convenience, configuration, and
information purposes.

We'll start a kvstore application, which was installed at the same time as
``abci-cli`` above. The kvstore just stores transactions in a merkle tree.

Its code can be found `here <https://github.com/tendermint/abci/blob/master/cmd/abci-cli/abci-cli.go>`__ and looks like:

.. container:: toggle

    .. container:: header

        **Show/Hide KVStore Example**

    .. code-block:: go

        func cmdKVStore(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
        	logger := log.NewTMLogger(log.NewSyncWriter(os.Stdout))
        
        	// Create the application - in memory or persisted to disk
        	var app types.Application
        	if flagPersist == "" {
        		app = kvstore.NewKVStoreApplication()
        	} else {
        		app = kvstore.NewPersistentKVStoreApplication(flagPersist)
        		app.(*kvstore.PersistentKVStoreApplication).SetLogger(logger.With("module", "kvstore"))
        	}
        
        	// Start the listener
        	srv, err := server.NewServer(flagAddrD, flagAbci, app)
        	if err != nil {
        		return err
        	}
        	srv.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "abci-server"))
        	if err := srv.Start(); err != nil {
        		return err
        	}
        
        	// Wait forever
        	cmn.TrapSignal(func() {
        		// Cleanup
        		srv.Stop()
        	})
        	return nil
        }

Start by running:

::

    abci-cli kvstore

And in another terminal, run

::

    abci-cli echo hello
    abci-cli info

You'll see something like:

::

    -> data: hello
    -> data.hex: 68656C6C6F

and:

::

    -> data: {"size":0}
    -> data.hex: 7B2273697A65223A307D

An ABCI application must provide two things:

-  a socket server
-  a handler for ABCI messages

When we run the ``abci-cli`` tool we open a new connection to the
application's socket server, send the given ABCI message, and wait for a
response.

The server may be generic for a particular language, and we provide a
`reference implementation in
Golang <https://github.com/tendermint/abci/tree/master/server>`__. See
the `list of other ABCI
implementations <./ecosystem.html>`__ for servers in
other languages.

The handler is specific to the application, and may be arbitrary, so
long as it is deterministic and conforms to the ABCI interface
specification.

So when we run ``abci-cli info``, we open a new connection to the ABCI
server, which calls the ``Info()`` method on the application, which
tells us the number of transactions in our Merkle tree.

Now, since every command opens a new connection, we provide the
``abci-cli console`` and ``abci-cli batch`` commands, to allow multiple
ABCI messages to be sent over a single connection.

Running ``abci-cli console`` should drop you in an interactive console
for speaking ABCI messages to your application.

Try running these commands:

::

    > echo hello
    -> code: OK
    -> data: hello
    -> data.hex: 0x68656C6C6F
    
    > info
    -> code: OK
    -> data: {"size":0}
    -> data.hex: 0x7B2273697A65223A307D
    
    > commit
    -> code: OK
    -> data.hex: 0x0000000000000000
    
    > deliver_tx "abc"
    -> code: OK
    
    > info
    -> code: OK
    -> data: {"size":1}
    -> data.hex: 0x7B2273697A65223A317D
    
    > commit
    -> code: OK
    -> data.hex: 0x0200000000000000
    
    > query "abc"
    -> code: OK
    -> log: exists
    -> height: 0
    -> value: abc
    -> value.hex: 616263
    
    > deliver_tx "def=xyz"
    -> code: OK
    
    > commit
    -> code: OK
    -> data.hex: 0x0400000000000000
    
    > query "def"
    -> code: OK
    -> log: exists
    -> height: 0
    -> value: xyz
    -> value.hex: 78797A

Note that if we do ``deliver_tx "abc"`` it will store ``(abc, abc)``,
but if we do ``deliver_tx "abc=efg"`` it will store ``(abc, efg)``.

Similarly, you could put the commands in a file and run
``abci-cli --verbose batch < myfile``.

Counter - Another Example
-------------------------

Now that we've got the hang of it, let's try another application, the
"counter" app.

Like the kvstore app, its code can be found `here <https://github.com/tendermint/abci/blob/master/cmd/abci-cli/abci-cli.go>`__ and looks like:

.. container:: toggle

    .. container:: header

        **Show/Hide Counter Example**

    .. code-block:: go

        func cmdCounter(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
        
        	app := counter.NewCounterApplication(flagSerial)
        
        	logger := log.NewTMLogger(log.NewSyncWriter(os.Stdout))
        
        	// Start the listener
        	srv, err := server.NewServer(flagAddrC, flagAbci, app)
        	if err != nil {
        		return err
        	}
        	srv.SetLogger(logger.With("module", "abci-server"))
        	if err := srv.Start(); err != nil {
        		return err
        	}
        
        	// Wait forever
        	cmn.TrapSignal(func() {
        		// Cleanup
        		srv.Stop()
        	})
        	return nil
        }


The counter app doesn't use a Merkle tree, it just counts how many times
we've sent a transaction, asked for a hash, or committed the state. The
result of ``commit`` is just the number of transactions sent.

This application has two modes: ``serial=off`` and ``serial=on``.

When ``serial=on``, transactions must be a big-endian encoded
incrementing integer, starting at 0.

If ``serial=off``, there are no restrictions on transactions.

We can toggle the value of ``serial`` using the ``set_option`` ABCI
message.

When ``serial=on``, some transactions are invalid. In a live blockchain,
transactions collect in memory before they are committed into blocks. To
avoid wasting resources on invalid transactions, ABCI provides the
``check_tx`` message, which application developers can use to accept or
reject transactions, before they are stored in memory or gossipped to
other peers.

In this instance of the counter app, ``check_tx`` only allows
transactions whose integer is greater than the last committed one.

Let's kill the console and the kvstore application, and start the counter
app:

::

    abci-cli counter

In another window, start the ``abci-cli console``:

::

    > set_option serial on
    -> code: OK
    -> log: OK (SetOption doesn't return anything.)
    
    > check_tx 0x00
    -> code: OK
    
    > check_tx 0xff
    -> code: OK
    
    > deliver_tx 0x00
    -> code: OK
    
    > check_tx 0x00
    -> code: BadNonce
    -> log: Invalid nonce. Expected >= 1, got 0
    
    > deliver_tx 0x01
    -> code: OK
    
    > deliver_tx 0x04
    -> code: BadNonce
    -> log: Invalid nonce. Expected 2, got 4
    
    > info
    -> code: OK
    -> data: {"hashes":0,"txs":2}
    -> data.hex: 0x7B22686173686573223A302C22747873223A327D

This is a very simple application, but between ``counter`` and
``kvstore``, its easy to see how you can build out arbitrary application
states on top of the ABCI. `Hyperledger's
Burrow <https://github.com/hyperledger/burrow>`__ also runs atop ABCI,
bringing with it Ethereum-like accounts, the Ethereum virtual-machine,
Monax's permissioning scheme, and native contracts extensions.

But the ultimate flexibility comes from being able to write the
application easily in any language.

We have implemented the counter in a number of languages (see the
`example directory <https://github.com/tendermint/abci/tree/master/example`__).

To run the Node JS version, ``cd`` to ``example/js`` and run

::

    node app.js

(you'll have to kill the other counter application process). In another
window, run the console and those previous ABCI commands. You should get
the same results as for the Go version.

Bounties
--------

Want to write the counter app in your favorite language?! We'd be happy
to add you to our `ecosystem <https://tendermint.com/ecosystem>`__!
We're also offering `bounties <https://tendermint.com/bounties>`__ for
implementations in new languages!

The ``abci-cli`` is designed strictly for testing and debugging. In a
real deployment, the role of sending messages is taken by Tendermint,
which connects to the app using three separate connections, each with
its own pattern of messages.

For more information, see the `application developers
guide <./app-development.html>`__. For examples of running an ABCI
app with Tendermint, see the `getting started
guide <./getting-started.html>`__. Next is the ABCI specification.
